1、B8 UNIT5Meeting your ancestorsGrammar and writing现在完成进行时现在完成进行时人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1一、必备知识一、必备知识 一、现在完成进行时一、现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时是一种现在完成进行时是一种兼有现在完成时和现在进兼有现在完成时和现在进行时行时两者基本特点的时态。其结构是两者基本特点的时态。其结构是“have(has)been现在分词现在分词”。现在完成进行时有以下几方。现在完成进行时有以下几方面的含义：面的含
2、义：1表示动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现表示动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去，常与在并有可能延续下去，常与 for,since引导的时间引导的时间状语连用。状语连用。I have been teaching English for almost twenty years.我教英语将近有我教英语将近有20年了。年了。They have been living here for 10 years.他们住在这里他们住在这里10年了。年了。2表示动作刚刚结束表示动作刚刚结束。I have been waiting for you for about half an hour
3、.我等你大概半个小时了。我等你大概半个小时了。3表示动作的重复表示动作的重复(指断断续续，而非一直不指断断续续，而非一直不停停)。They have been discussing the matter several times this year.这件事他们今年已经讨论好几次了。这件事他们今年已经讨论好几次了。4表示某种感情色彩表示某种感情色彩。I have been wanting to see you for a long time.我想要见你已好久了。我想要见你已好久了。考题回顾考题回顾(湖南高考改编湖南高考改编)Since the time humankind started ga
4、rdening,we _(try)to make our environment more beautiful.(江西高考改编江西高考改编)Tony,why are your eyes red?I _(cut)up peppers for the last five minutes.(福建高考改编福建高考改编)The girl has a great interest in sport and _(take)badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.答案答案 have been trying have been cutti
5、ng has been taking 二、二、现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别现在完成进行现在完成进行时时现在完成时现在完成时强调动作的延强调动作的延续性续性强调过去某个动作对现在造成强调过去某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果的影响或产生的结果表示动作的反表示动作的反复复不表示动作的反复不表示动作的反复表达生动，含表达生动，含有感情色彩有感情色彩说明一个事实，一种影响或结说明一个事实，一种影响或结果果人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1 I have
6、 been thinking it over.我一直在考虑这件事。我一直在考虑这件事。(延续性延续性)I have thought it over.我已经考虑过这件事了。我已经考虑过这件事了。(影响及结果影响及结果)I have been visiting my hometown recently.最近我经常回老家。最近我经常回老家。(动作重复动作重复)I have visited my hometown recently.最近我回老家了。最近我回老家了。(不表示动作的反复不表示动作的反复)人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1人教版新课标选修八unitpe
7、riodGrammarandwriting1 Recently she has helped me a lot.最近她帮了我很多。最近她帮了我很多。(陈述事实陈述事实)Recently she has always been helping me.最近她总是来帮我。最近她总是来帮我。(赞许赞许)点津点津有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时：可用于现在完成时：状态动词状态动词be,have,exist；情感动词情感动词like,love,hate,detest；感官动词感官动词see,hear,know,feel,sound；短暂性动词及短语短暂性
8、动词及短语finish,marry,get up,come,go等。等。人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1 They have gone to Shanghai.他们已经去上海了。他们已经去上海了。They have been to Shanghai.他们曾去过上海。他们曾去过上海。We have already finished the work.我们已经完成了工作。我们已经完成了工作。考题回顾考题回顾(全国卷全国卷改编改编)The manager _(tell)the work
9、ers how to improve the programme since 9：00 am.答案答案has been telling 人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1二、专题练习二、专题练习 用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空 1Sorry,Im full.I _(have)supper already.2Maria _(learn)English for two years and she does well in it.3Li Ming _(go)abroad l
10、ast year.We _(not hear)from each other since then.4Hello,Tom.I _(look)for you all morning.Where have you been?5All these years they _(contribute)articles to our magazine.答案1 have had 2 has been learning/has learned 3 went,havent heard4 have been looking 5 have been contributing 人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGr
11、ammarandwriting1人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1二、专题练习二、专题练习 用适当的时态完成句子用适当的时态完成句子 1It _since last week.自从上周以来一直下雨。自从上周以来一直下雨。2I am tired out.I _the whole afternoon.我累坏了。我一直工作了一下午了。我累坏了。我一直工作了一下午了。3Too much _today.今天真是个多事的日子啊。今天真是个多事的日子啊。4He _a novel.他已经写了一部小说。他已经写了一部小说。人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGramma
12、randwriting1人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1二、专题练习二、专题练习 5_him recently?你最近见过他吗？你最近见过他吗？6They _for almost 15 years.他们结婚将近他们结婚将近15年了。年了。答案 1 has been raining 2 have been working 3 has been happening 4 has written 5 Have you met 6 have been married 三、写作技巧指导 如何写物品介绍类说明文如何写物品介绍类说明文 物品介绍类说明文写作应注意以下几
13、点：物品介绍类说明文写作应注意以下几点：1抓准特征、说明到位。抓准特征、说明到位。抓住事物的特征，即这一事物区别于其他事物的抓住事物的特征，即这一事物区别于其他事物的标志就显得尤为重要。只有抓住了事物的特点，标志就显得尤为重要。只有抓住了事物的特点，才能给读者留下深刻的印象。才能给读者留下深刻的印象。2层次分明、条理清晰、内容连贯。层次分明、条理清晰、内容连贯。物品介绍类说明文要采用恰当的说明顺序，从物物品介绍类说明文要采用恰当的说明顺序，从物品的外观、构造、功能等方面来分层描述，做到品的外观、构造、功能等方面来分层描述，做到层次分明、条理清晰、内容连贯。层次分明、条理清晰、内容连贯。3表现手
14、法多样。表现手法多样。像其他说明文一样，物品介绍类说明文可采用举像其他说明文一样，物品介绍类说明文可采用举例子、列数字、作比较等不同的说明方法，以便例子、列数字、作比较等不同的说明方法，以便让读者更好地了解所介绍的物品。让读者更好地了解所介绍的物品。常用常用表达表达 1This object,which was made .was unearthed .2This was one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the .century.3This treasure has a history of .years.4Thi
15、s object,which dates back to/dates from .,is still well preserved.5In the past people might have used .for religious purposes or used it as a decoration.6This object represents the idea that .7It consists of/is made up of .8It is made of/from .9This object has a history of .but it is in good/poor co
16、ndition.10This object doesnt only have practical purpose;it also .专题练习 假设你是李华。上周末你参观了国家博物馆，并对一种商朝时期的酒器爵，很感兴趣。请你根据以下提示，写一篇英文短文在英语课上给同学们介绍一下爵。名称：爵。发现地：河南安阳。名称：爵。发现地：河南安阳。时期：商朝。材料：青铜。时期：商朝。材料：青铜。描述：描述：17.1厘米高，三条腿，中间厘米高，三条腿，中间U形部分是酒杯，形部分是酒杯，上有花纹，在一旁有一个柄。上有花纹，在一旁有一个柄。用途：饮酒器具，是权力的象征。用途：饮酒器具，是权力的象征。意义：饮酒器外
17、观十分漂亮，说明它已经经历了意义：饮酒器外观十分漂亮，说明它已经经历了较长的发展过程；较长的发展过程；同时也说明了当时人们制作青同时也说明了当时人们制作青铜器的高超工艺水平和较高的生活和文化水平。铜器的高超工艺水平和较高的生活和文化水平。注意：注意：1.词数词数100左右；左右；2.开头已给出，可适当增开头已给出，可适当增加细节。加细节。参考词汇：爵参考词汇：爵Jue;器具器具vessel。Hello,everyone，Last weekend,I visited the National Museum.What Im most interested in is a type of drink
18、ing vessel._ _人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1 参考范文：参考范文：Hello,everyone，Last weekend,I visited the National Museum.What Im most interested in is a type of drinking vessel.This vessel,called Jue,was first discovered in Anyang,Henan Province,which was made of
19、bronze.The vessel is 17.1 cm high and has three legs.The middle part,which is a Ushaped body,is the cup of the vessel and it is decorated with carved patterns.There is a handle at one side.人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1 It was used to drink during the Shan
20、g Dynasty and was a symbol of authority.The vessel is very beautiful and smart.It shows the high level skills at bronze craftsmanship of people at that time.It also shows that the people had a fairly high standard of living and culture of their own.人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1 Thanks for watching!See you next time!人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1人教版新课标选修八unitperiodGrammarandwriting1
