1、Strategies and Techniques for Guessing the Meanings of Words or Phrases While Reading高考英语阅读理解高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题策略与技巧词义猜测题策略与技巧Master general steps and some tips of guesssing the meanings of words,phrases or sentences.Develop your ability to analyse,compare and summarize.Use what you have learned to solve
2、 the problem.Be brave and confident in face of difficulty.Learning aimsHow to deal with unfamiliar words and expressions you come across in reading?lIgnore them and continue reading?lGuess the meaning of them?lLook them up in the dictionary?hazyThe main point of the plan is clear to me;but the detai
3、ls are hazy.green handOn the way to the factory,Jack sang a pop song happily,because it is the first day for him to work.When he was working,he talked with his comrade(同志，伙伴）.Suddenly,the machine broke down because of his carelessness.Jack was afraid of the blame of his boss.His comrade told him,“ta
4、ke it easy,you are a green hand.”高考阅读理解中可以含有不超过3%的生词量，在考试中碰到一些不认识的单词和词组，这是正常现象，大可不必惊慌失措，也不要因为对某个词的含义纠缠不清而影响阅读的速度和阅读的质量。Guessing2016-2021年高考全国卷阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表2021年年2020年年2019年年2018年年2017年年2016年年全国卷1短语Safe!Safe!Safe!1单词currency1单词stumble1单词dominant2代词that;短语the water cather1单词courier全国卷1单词concede1单词col
5、lapsed1代词短语tug at the heartstring1单词juicer2代词that;句子the table are turned.1单词downside全国卷(新高考全国卷）1单词decimate1单词keeping tabs on1短语taking on1句子More is more1单词displaced1短语a pipedream高考阅读理解词义猜测题考查考查方向：方向：主要考查学生根据上下文推测和判断单词、短语或者句子在阅读材料中含义的能力考查考查类别类别：1 12 23 3单词、短语含义猜测题单词、短语含义猜测题句意猜测题句意猜测题代词指代猜测题代词指代猜测题阅读理解
6、阅读理解词义猜测题词义猜测题解题策略解题策略3 3“3-4-5”策略策略4 45 5三种类别三种类别四个步骤四个步骤五个解题密码五个解题密码阅读理解阅读理解词义猜测题词义猜测题解题步骤解题步骤四步曲四步曲1 12 23 34 4定位定位分析分析Locate the underlined word确认需猜测的词、短语或句子在文中的位置确认需猜测的词、短语或句子在文中的位置Analyse the relation with codes运用密码分析猜测点与语境之间的关系运用密码分析猜测点与语境之间的关系对比对比Compare and choose the answer仔细对比，找出与原句意思吻合的选
7、项仔细对比，找出与原句意思吻合的选项核查核查Reread and confirm the answer将初选定的答案代入原句，再读以确定答案将初选定的答案代入原句，再读以确定答案 一、一、1 12 23 3同义或近义关系同义或近义关系反义关系反义关系因果关系因果关系同义或近义关系同义或近义关系 synonym or near-synonym 猜一猜猜一猜1.Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.2.Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people
8、s health.They also regard drinking as harmful.健谈的健谈的有害的有害的利用上下文中出现的利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的意同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的意思。常见信号词：思。常见信号词：and,or,also,as.as,just as,similarly等等1反义关系反义关系猜一猜：猜一猜：3.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I known.His brother,in contrast,is quite humble and modest.4.I tried hard
9、 not to make serious mistakes,but I slipped up.傲慢的，高傲的傲慢的，高傲的出差错，疏忽出差错，疏忽利用对比或转折的信号词，然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。利用对比或转折的信号词，然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。常见信号词常见信号词/词组有：词组有：but,yet,despite,however,while,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast,instead等等2 2因果关系因果关系Causal relation 5.I guess that theres probably some demandin
10、g work schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the sing arent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on.At the oint th
11、e unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright.Yes,Ill do it.”(全国 2019 阅读理解B）What does the underlined phrase“tug at heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean?A.encourage teamwork B.appeal to feeling.C.promote good deeds.D.provide advice.3 3利用因果关系猜词义，常见的词或短语：利用因果关系猜词义，常见的词或短语：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,
12、therefore,hence,owing to,thanks to,on account of,result in,accordingly,so.that等等1 12 23 3下定义下定义定语从句定语从句同位语同位语 二、解释说明法二、解释说明法 Explanation 4 45 5举例举例标点符号标点符号1 12 23 3下定义下定义定语从句定语从句同位语同位语猜一猜猜一猜：1.Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.2.He was a prestidigitator who entertained th
13、e children by pulling rabbits out of hats,swallowing fire,and other similar tricks.3.Semantics,the study of the meaning of words,is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.哑剧变戏法的人语义学下定义：is,mean,refers to,namely 等后的内容是对前面解释说明或由that is(to say),in other words,to put it another way 引出一些具体的解
14、释性的短语解释生词。定语从句：定语从句修饰和限定了先行词的内容和范畴。同位语：同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明。4 4举例举例对点真题：4.all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.(2018.全国卷.C)A.complex B.advancedC.powerful D.modern 关注 such as,for example,for instance 可以通过所举事例推知
15、前面内容！5 5标点符号标点符号冒号、破折号和括号冒号、破折号和括号等标点符号，可表示解释说明。等标点符号，可表示解释说明。猜一猜：5.You may borrow from the library any periodicals:News Weekly,Readers Digest,The New Yorkers.6.We are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 7 a.m.期刊夜班 三、三、构词法构词法 Formation 1 12 23 3合成法合成法派生法派生法转化法转化法（考点熟词生义）（考点熟词生义）1 1合成法合成法合成法：指两个或多个单词按
16、照一定的组合规律组合在一起，形成一个新的单词猜一猜：ill-treat single-handed new-born color-blind 虐待独自新生的色盲的对点真题：Encourage this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,“But I m just not creative.”A.mistake B.drawback C.difficu
17、lty D.burden2 2派生法派生法通过再词根上添加前缀或后缀构造新词。一般讲前缀改变词义不变词性，后缀改变词性不变词义。1.Do you have any strong opinion coeducational or single-sex schools?2.Its a quiet,comfortable hotel overlooking the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on Englands most southerly point.3 3转化法转化法（考点熟词生义）（考点熟词生义）转化法：把一种词性用
18、作另一种词性而词形不变。高考中常考熟词生义，同学们注意积累，做题时也要结合语境进行检查猜一猜：1.Dont let your personal feelings cloud your judgment.2.He wolfed down three bowls of rice.模糊狼吞虎咽四、生活常识和文化背景（四、生活常识和文化背景（common sense)对点真题：Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we often assume that more is more when it c
19、omes to kids and their belongings?The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.1.What do the words“more is more”in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.The more,the better.B.Enough is enoughC.More money,more worries.D.Earn more and spend more.同学们可以利用生活常识和文化
20、背景进行猜测词义，但每个人已有的知识和经验存在差异，做题时要多结合语境。五、利用上下文语境（五、利用上下文语境（context）对点真题:My Favorite Books Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)oflifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald D
21、ahls writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words.Matildas battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres,Miss Trunchbull,are equally fumy and frightening,but theyre also aspirational.1.What does I refer to?(2019.全国卷2)A.Stephen King.B.Gillian Flynn.C.Jo
22、Usmar.D.Roald Dahl 利用一下文语境猜测词义要注意进行全面考虑，结合关键词和词语的搭配等SummaryExercise1.(2020全国卷阅读B)Yet“Apes”is more exception than the rule.In fact,Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately.One nonprofit organization,which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment,is keeping_tabs_on more than 2，00
23、0 productions this year.Already,a number of films,including“Water for Elephants”，“The Hangover Part”and“Zookeeper”，have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them havent been treated properly.What does the underlined phrase“keeping tabs on”in paragraph 3 probably mean?AListing
24、 completely.BDirecting professionally.CPromoting successfully.DWatching carefully.2.(2021新高考卷阅读C)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural reso
25、urces wisely.Unfortunately，it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl(水禽)were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to fe
26、ed and house the ever-increasing populations，greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).What does the underlined word“decimate”mean in the first paragraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.3.(2020全国卷阅读B)While I tend to buy a lot of books,these three were given to me as gifts,which might add to
27、the meaning I attach to them.But I imagine that,while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.But remember,its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to bet
28、ter understand your friends.What does the underlined word“currency”in paragraph 4 refer to?ADebt.BReward.CAllowance.DFace value.1.Finish some exercise about guessing the meaning of the underlined words or phrases.2.Review the strategies of this class and try to make a mind map.HomeworkThanks for listening!
