1、主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语Ving完成完成进行进行将来将来主动主动被动被动时态时态语态语态Vingbeing donehaving donehaving been doneto do完成完成进行进行将来将来主动主动被动被动时态时态语态语态to doto be doneto be doingto have doneto have been donedone完成完成进行进行将来将来主动主动被动被动时态时态语态语态done1.The robbers are using a stolen car.2.The firemen were rescuing the people trapped in
2、 the fire.3.He looked worried after reading the letter.4.The cup is broken.5.He managed to make himself understood.6.They considered the matter solved.7.The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.8.Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful.9.Written in a hurry,
3、this article was not so good!10.He stood there silently,moved to tears.以上划线部分在句中的成分（主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补）以上划线部分在句中的成分（主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补）在句在句1&2中充当：中充当：_在句在句3&4中充当：中充当：_在句在句5&6&7中充当：中充当：_在句在句8&9&10中充当：中充当：_过过去去分分词词作作定定语语位位置置前置定语：单个动词过去分词前置定语：单个动词过去分词后置定语：过去分词短语后置定语：过去分词短语意意义义及物动词过去分词：表示被动、完及物动词过去分词：表示被动、完成成不及物动
4、词过去分词：表示完成不及物动词过去分词：表示完成与定语从句转换与定语从句转换单个过去分词单个过去分词，常放在被修饰词的前面，常放在被修饰词的前面,作作前置前置定语定语The lost child was found at last.The excited people rushed into building.Lost time can never be found again.过去分词短语过去分词短语，常放在被修饰词的后面，作，常放在被修饰词的后面，作后后置定语置定语The child lost in the park was found at last.The meeting,attend
5、ed by a lot of people,was a success如果单个的过去分词所修饰的词是代词如果单个的过去分词所修饰的词是代词those或是不定代词时，通常过去分词要放在被修饰或是不定代词时，通常过去分词要放在被修饰的词之后。的词之后。There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.自从我两年前离开以来，这个镇几乎没有什么自从我两年前离开以来，这个镇几乎没有什么变化。变化。Everything used should be marked所有用过的东西应该做好标记。所有用过的东西应该做好标记。及物
6、动词及物动词的过去分词作定语时，表示的过去分词作定语时，表示被动的、完成被动的、完成 a damaged bridge 一座被毁坏的桥一座被毁坏的桥 iced beer 冰冻啤酒冰冻啤酒 _ 被污染的空气和水被污染的空气和水 _ 熟食熟食不及物动词不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，只表示的过去分词作定语时，只表示完成完成，不，不表示被动意义表示被动意义 the risen sun升起的太阳升起的太阳 a retired teacher 一位退休的教师一位退休的教师 _ 落叶落叶 _ 开水开水cooked foodpolluted air and water fallen leavesboiled
7、water及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动作定语用来表示被动,可改可改为带为带被动语态的定语从句被动语态的定语从句He didnt turn up at the meeting held yesterday.I found it hard to understand the English spoken by native villagers.不及物动词的过去分词不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于不能后置的单个仅限于不能后置的单个过去分词过去分词)则表示完成则表示完成,可改为带可改为带有完成时态的定语有完成时态的定语从句从句We drank some boiled water
8、and went on with our work.(which was)(that was)(=which had boiled)These female pigs are cloned.So we call them _ pigs.These female pigs are cloned.So we call them pigs _.that/which are clonedclonedScientific experiments which are carried out by students can be dangerous.Scientific experiments _by st
9、udents can be dangerous.carried out过过去去分分词词作作表表语语位位 置置位于位于系动词系动词之后：之后：意意义义已被形容词化，表示主语所处的状态，已被形容词化，表示主语所处的状态，也有一定的被动意味。也有一定的被动意味。系系动动词词1.be 动词动词2.表示保持的系动词表示保持的系动词3.感官系动词感官系动词4.表象系动词表象系动词5.变化系动词变化系动词6.终止系动词终止系动词1.过去分词作表语，可以看作是过去分词作表语，可以看作是过去分词的形容词化过去分词的形容词化，说明的是主语在说明的是主语在该动作完成后所处的状态该动作完成后所处的状态，也有一定的，也
10、有一定的被动意味。其被动意味。其前可有前可有quite,very,rather等修饰词等修饰词。常见的作表语的过去分词如常见的作表语的过去分词如:closed(关闭的关闭的)；lost(丢失的丢失的)；known(著名的著名的)married(已婚的已婚的)；gone(遗失的遗失的)；worried(担忧的担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的感兴趣的)tired(疲劳的疲劳的)pleased(高兴的高兴的)；surprised(吃惊的吃惊的);He _ _ after reading the letter看完信后看完信后,他看起来担忧。他看起来担忧。He _ _ _ at the idea
11、听到这个想法听到这个想法,他似乎相当高兴。他似乎相当高兴。I _ _ _ at the news听了这消息我非常高兴。听了这消息我非常高兴。looked worriedseemed quite delightedwas very pleased be 动词：表示保持：感官系动词：表象系动词：变化系动词：终止系动词：am,is,are,was,were,beenkeep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand seem,appear,look feel,smell,sound,taste become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,prove,turn ou
12、t 过过去去分分词词做做宾宾补补意意义义说明宾语的动作或状态，表示被动说明宾语的动作或状态，表示被动意义或已完成意义。意义或已完成意义。过去分词与宾语构成逻辑上的动宾过去分词与宾语构成逻辑上的动宾（被动关系）（被动关系）结结构构1.介词介词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语2.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+动词过去分词动词过去分词动动词词1.表表“希望希望”、“意愿意愿”、“爱憎爱憎”、“要求要求”的动词：的动词：2.表感觉或思维活动的动词表感觉或思维活动的动词(短语短语)3.表示表示“致使致使”意义的动词意义的动词能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词及物
13、动词,表示表示被动意义或已完成意义被动意义或已完成意义,有有时候两者兼而有之。时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的上的动宾动宾关系关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。对象。1.介词介词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补with,without+n.+动词过去分词动词过去分词With many flowers planted around the building,his house looks like a beautiful garden.周围种了许多花周围种了许多花,他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。
14、They left without a dish touched.他们离开时一盘菜都没碰。他们离开时一盘菜都没碰。The _ _ _ _ his works _.这位伟大的作家逝世时作品未完成。这位伟大的作家逝世时作品未完成。_ _ _ _ _ _ his hands _ behind his back.小偷被带进来了小偷被带进来了,双手被反绑在后面。双手被反绑在后面。great writer died with unfinishedThe thief was brought in with tied2.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+动词过去分词动词过去分词(宾语补足语宾语补足语)在这一结构中
15、在这一结构中,动词过去分词和它前面的宾语动词过去分词和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的构成逻辑上的被动被动关系。关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。变成了主语补足语。1.表表“希望希望”、“意愿意愿”、“爱憎爱憎”、“要求要求”的动词：的动词：want,wish,expect,like,hate,order+宾语宾语+(to be)doneI _ _ _ _ on Sunday.我想在星期天完成工作。我想在星期天完成工作。I _ _ _ _ before five oclock.我希望在我希望在5点之前完成我的作业。点之前完成我的作
16、业。He wont _ such _ _ at the meeting.他不喜欢这样的问题在会上讨论。他不喜欢这样的问题在会上讨论。Jim _ _ _ _.Jim要求房间被打扫。要求房间被打扫。能接过去分词做宾语补足语的动词有能接过去分词做宾语补足语的动词有want the work finished wish my homework finishedlike questions discussedordered the room cleaned2.表感觉或思维活动的动词表感觉或思维活动的动词(短语短语)：feel,hear,listen to,see,watch,look at,observ
17、e,notice,find,think,consider+宾语宾语+动词过去分词动词过去分词_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.我们看到小偷被警察抓。我们看到小偷被警察抓。_ _ _ _ _.人们发现水被污染了。人们发现水被污染了。_ _ the matter _他们认为这问题解决了。他们认为这问题解决了。主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+动词过去分词动词过去分词(宾语补足语宾语补足语)We saw the thief caught by the policePeople found the water pollutedThey thought settledget,have,make,keep,le
18、ave3.表示表示“致使致使”意义的动意义的动词词_ _ _ _ _ _ _.他昨天拔了牙。他昨天拔了牙。_ _ _ _ _ once a month我每个月理一次发。我每个月理一次发。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.你应该说大声点让别人听到。你应该说大声点让别人听到。He couldnt keep his eyes shut to all this.他无法无视对这一切。他无法无视对这一切。Dont leave those things undone.不要留那些事情不处理。不要留那些事情不处理。主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+动词过去分词动词过去分词(宾语补足语宾语补足语)He got his
19、tooth pulled out yesterdayI have my hair cutYou should speak louder to make yourself heard动词过去分词充当宾语补足语动词过去分词充当宾语补足语1).As he knows very little English,he finds it difficult to make himself _.(understand)2).I _ yesterday.(寄信）寄信）3).You must make yourself when you talk in front of the class.（hear)4).Af
20、ter the robbery,they found the windows _.(break)5).You mustnt make the secret between us _to the public.(know)understoodhad my letter deliveredheardbrokenknownThe managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year.Acarry out Bcarrying outCcarried out Dto carry outHelen had to sho
21、ut _ above the sound of the music.(2004高考广西卷高考广西卷)A.making herself hear B.to make herself hearC.making herself heard D.to make herself heard过过去去分分词词做做状状语语结结构构过去分词短语+逗号+主句主句+逗号+过去分词短语意意义义说明动作或状态发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，表示被动或完成。逻辑主语逻辑主语：主句的逻辑主语与状语从句或“连词+过去分词”结构转换过去分词作状语，表明动作发生的过去分词作状语，表明动作发生的时间、条件
22、、原因、时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况让步、伴随情况等，表示被动或完成。等，表示被动或完成。表示表示时间时间Seen from the space,the earth looks blue.表示表示条件条件Kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.表示表示原因原因Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry.表示表示伴随情况伴随情况表示表示让步让步She walked out of the house,followed by her little daughter.
23、Beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.有些过去分词(短语)作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有:lost(迷路);seated(坐);absorbed in(全神贯注于);dressed in(穿着);tired of(厌烦)等。Absorbed in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.因为沉浸在思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。有时为了加强时间，条件或让步的意味，还可有时为了加强时间，条件或让步的意味，还可保留连词，构成保留连词，构成“连词连词+过去分词过去分词”结构
24、作状结构作状语语_ _ a medical examination,you should keep calm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。_ _ _ the opposite team,the players didnt lose heart.尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了，但他们并没尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了，但他们并没有灰心。有灰心。When givenThough beaten by过去分词作状语，过去分词作状语，逻辑主语逻辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语。逻辑主语。逻辑主语与分词之间是被动关系与分词之间是被动关系Seen from the space,the
25、earth looks blue.Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry.Beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.表示表示时间时间,可换成可换成when,while,after等引导的时间状等引导的时间状语从句语从句Seen from the space,the earth looks blue.When it is seen from space,the earth looks blue.表示表示条件条件,可换成可换成if,once或或unless等引导的条件主语
26、从句等引导的条件主语从句Kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.If they are kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.表示表示原因原因,可换成可换成because,as,since等引导的原因状语从句等引导的原因状语从句表示表示伴随情况伴随情况,可换成可换成and连接的并列句连接的并列句表示表示让步让步,可换成可换成although/though引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句Deeply moved by the story,the c
27、hildren began to cry.As they were deeply moved,the children began to cry.She walked out of the house,followed by her little daughter.She walked out of the house,and was followed by her little daughter.Beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.Although he was beaten by the enemy,he refused
28、 to let out the secret.作定语作定语现在分词：现在分词：过去分词：过去分词：不定式：不定式：doing:表示主动，正在进行的动作表示被动，完成将要发生的主动动作；作状语作状语表示主动，进行表示被动，完成表示目的现在分词：现在分词：过去分词：过去分词：不定式：不定式：being done:表示被动，正在进行的动作 When first _(introduce)myself to my parents-in-law,I felt a bit nervous.When first _(introduce)to the market,these products enjoyed
29、great success._(catch)the first train for Shanghai,I got up early this morningintroducedintroducingTo catchIt shames me to say it,but I told a lie when_ at the meeting by my boss.A questioningB have questioned C questionedD to be questionedWhenever I am in trouble,I will lock myself alone at home,al
30、ways _myself many whys.(question)questioning1).by the beauty of nature,the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.2)._a large number of people,the show was indeed a great success.AAttracting BAttracted CTo be attracted DHaving attracted BAboiling waterboiled waterfallen trees
31、/leavesescaped animalsa retired presidentfalling leavesan escaping criminala retiring president比较比较比较比较 _ yesterdayThe meeting _ now (hold)_ tomorrow is of great importance.held being held to be held过去分词作定语与其它非谓语形式的区别：过去分词作定语与其它非谓语形式的区别：1).The visit _ to Guilin is worth remembering forever.Apaid Bpa
32、ying Cto pay Dbeing paid2).When I entered his office,I saw a gun_ on the wall.Afasten Bfastened Cfastening D.to fasten3.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving;making B.to solving;made C
33、.to solve;making D.to solve;madeB 4)._ some officials,Napoleon inspected his army.AFollowed BFollowed by CBeing followed DHaving been followed by5).Mr.Smith,_ of the speech,started to read a _ novel.Atired;boring Btiring;bored Ctired;bored D.tiring;boringWhen he was followed by some officials,Napoleon inspected his army.祝您成功！
