1、专题一动词的时态和语态语法专题ppt精选2 动词时态的考查要点动词时态的考查要点 动词被动语态的考查要点动词被动语态的考查要点 语法与写作语法与写作 语法填空语法填空ppt精选31动词时态的考查要点动词时态的考查要点1.一般现在时考点分析一般现在时考点分析(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制不受时态限制)。Time and tide wait for no man.(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间
2、状语连用。间状语连用。They always care for each other and help each other.ppt精选4(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时:般现在时:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,agree,believe,like,hate,want,think,belong to,seem等。等。Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
3、(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或或will表表“意愿意愿”,但不表示时态。但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party,my family will be pleased.ppt精选5(5)少数用于表示起止或转移的动词如少数用于表示起止或转移的动词如come,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,start,begin,open,close,e
4、nd,stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定、计等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时,只用一般现在时。定会出现的状态时,只用一般现在时。The shop closes at 11:00 pm.every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.ppt精选62一般过去时考点分析一般过去时考点分析(1)一般过去时的基本用法:表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常一般过去时的基本用法:表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用与表示过去具体的时
5、间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示或有上下文语境暗示);用于表;用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。常用过去式。We met her in the street yesterday.When he was young,he took cold baths regularly.(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。He told me he read an in
6、teresting novel last night.ppt精选7(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常由以下词语连接,用一般过去表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常由以下词语连接,用一般过去时。如:时。如:but,and,when,as soon as,immediately,the moment,the minute等。等。The moment she came in,she told me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost it.(4)常用一般过去时的句型。常用一般过去时的句型。Why didnt you think of tha
7、t?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.ppt精选83一般将来时考点分析一般将来时考点分析(1)表示未来的动作或状态,常用表示未来的动作或状态,常用will/shall动词,常与表动词,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如:示将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow,next week等。等。(2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.(3)表示趋向行为的动词如表示趋
8、向行为的动词如come,go,start,begin,leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。ppt精选9(4)be going to,will/shall,be to do,be about to do的用法及的用法及区别:区别:be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;shall/will do表示表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来,不能用在
9、条件状语从句的主句中;而表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则能,表意愿。则能,表意愿。If it is fine,well go fishing.If it is fine,we are going to go fishing.ppt精选10be to do表按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩表按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.be about to do表示表示“即将,正要即将,正要”,后面不能接时间,后面不能接
10、时间状语或状语从句。状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.ppt精选114现在进行时考点分析现在进行时考点分析(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段但不一定是表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时正在进行的动作;表近期特定的安排或计划;发生在讲话时正在进行的动作;表近期特定的安排或计划;go,come等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时;与等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时;与always,often等频度副词连用,表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩。等频度副词连用,表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩。She is te
11、aching English and learning Chinese.He is working on a paper.I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.The girl is always talking loud in public.ppt精选12(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。表示心理状态、情感的动词:表示心理状态、情感的动词:like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等。等。表存在状态的
12、动词:表存在状态的动词:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to等。等。表示行为结果的动词:表示行为结果的动词:allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete等。等。表示感官的动词:表示感官的动词:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。等。ppt精选135过去完成时考点分析过去完成时考点分析(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况。常用过去完成时的几种情况。在在by,by the end,by the time,until,before,since后接表示后接表示过去某一时间的短
13、语或从句的句子中。过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。By the end of last year,we had produced 20,000 cars.The train had left before we reached the station.表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式,即:等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式,即:hoped/planned.to have done。pp
14、t精选14“时间名词时间名词before”在句中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时;在句中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时;“时间名词时间名词ago”在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去时。在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去时。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.在在hardly/scarcely.when.,no sooner.than.句式中,主句常句式中,主句常用过去完成时,表示用过去完成时,表示“一一就就”。当。当hardly,scarcely,no s
15、ooner置于句首时,其后要用部分倒装。置于句首时,其后要用部分倒装。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.ppt精选15(2)在在before或或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时代替过引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去完成时。去完成时。After he(had)left the room,the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.6过去将来时考点分析过去将来时
16、考点分析过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,这种时态常用于宾语从句中,主句常是一般过去时。的状态,这种时态常用于宾语从句中,主句常是一般过去时。He always said that he would study hard at that time.ppt精选167过去进行时考点分析过去进行时考点分析过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterda
17、y.8现在完成时考点分析现在完成时考点分析(1)现在完成时除可以和现在完成时除可以和for,since引导的状语连用外,还可以引导的状语连用外,还可以和下面的介词短语连用:和下面的介词短语连用:during/in/over the last(past)few years(months,weeks),in recent years,so far,up to now等。等。ppt精选17(2)下列句型中常用现在完成时下列句型中常用现在完成时It is(has been)一段时间一段时间since从句从句This(That/It)is the first(second.)time that现在完成时
18、现在完成时This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting.that现在现在完成时完成时(3)在时间或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。在时间或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment,you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.ppt精选189注意几组时
19、态的区别注意几组时态的区别(1)一般过去时与现在完成时:一般过去时与现在完成时:时间上有差异:凡有过去时间的均用一般过去时,不能用时间上有差异:凡有过去时间的均用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时,如含有现在完成时,如含有ago,last year,just now,the other day等。等。结果上有差异:现在完成时强调的是对结果上有差异:现在完成时强调的是对“现在现在”的影响和的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续;一般过去时强调的是结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续;一般过去时强调的是动作发生在动作发生在“过去过去”,和现在毫无关系。,和现在毫无关系。ppt精选19(2)过去完成时与一般
20、过去时:过去完成时强调的是过去完成时与一般过去时:过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去过去的过去”;如出现同一主语连续几个动作;如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓连谓”)形式则只用一般过去时即可。形式则只用一般过去时即可。ppt精选201Planning so far ahead _(make)no senseso many things will have changed by next year.2Experiments of this kind _(conduct)in both the US.and Europe well before the Second World War.3Bob h
21、as gone to California.Oh,can you tell me when he _(leave)?题组训练1makeshad been conductedleftppt精选214Did you predict that many students (sign)up for the dance competition?5I hear you (work)in a pub.Whats it like?Well,its very hard work and Im always tired,but I dont mind.6I didnt ask for the name list.
22、Why it (land)on my desk?I put it there just now in case you needed it.would signare workinghaslandedppt精选227The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant (give)in his place but,luckily,everything was going on smoothly.8That must have been a long trip.Yeah,it (take)us a whole week
23、to get there.was givingtookppt精选232动词被动语态的考查要点动词被动语态的考查要点动词的被动语态的构成方式:动词的被动语态的构成方式:be过去分词,口语中也过去分词,口语中也用用“get/become过去分词过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本用表示。被动语态的基本用法:不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语法:不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态;强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态态;强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有短语有时可以省略时可以省略)。ppt精选241使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。(1)主动变
24、为被动时双宾语的变化。主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.I was given an interesting book(by my friend)on my birthday.(2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的作补语的)不定式前需加不定式前需加to(位置不变位置不变)。The boss made him work all day l
25、ong.He was made to work all day long(by the boss)ppt精选25(3)短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉“尾巴尾巴”。The children were taken good care of(by her)Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.(4)情态动词,情态动词,be going to,be to,be sure to,have to等结构变等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be过
26、去分词。过去分词。(5)当句子的谓语为当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:等时,被动语态有两种形式:谓语动词用被谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。动语态,动词不定式作主补。用用it作形式主语,真正的主语在作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。后面用主语从句来表示。ppt精选26类似句型有:类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that.ppt精选27语法填空语法填空1In the near future,
27、more advances in the robot technology _(make)by scientists.2In the last few years thousands of films _(produce)all over the world.3All visitors to this village _(treat)with kindness.4The computer _(repair)by tomorrow.5They cant move into the house because it _(paint)now.题组训练2will be madehave been pr
28、oducedare treatedmight be repairedis being paintedppt精选282不能用被动语态的几种情况。不能用被动语态的几种情况。(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。(2)表示状态的谓语动词,如:表示状态的谓语动词,如:last,hold,contain,fit,cost等。等。(3)表示归属的动词,如表示归属的动词,如have,own,belong to等。等。(4)表示表示“希望、意图希望、意图”的动词,如:的动词,如:wish,want,hope,like,love,hat
29、e等。等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。ppt精选293主动形式表被动意义。主动形式表被动意义。(1)当当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;当等后面接形容词时;当cut,read,sell,wear,write等带状语修饰语时;当动词表示等带状语修饰语时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。等意义时。T
30、he fish smells good.This kind of cloth washes easily.These novels wont sell well.My pen writes smoothly.The door wont lock.ppt精选30(2)当当break out,take place,shut off,turn off,work out等动词等动词表示表示“发生、关闭、制定发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。等意思时。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.(3)want,require,
31、need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。(4)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。用主动形式表示被动含义。(5)在在“be形容词形容词to do”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动。语,用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.ppt精选31注意:注意:be to blame(受谴责受谴责),be to rent(出租出租)也用主动形式表被也用主动形式表被动。动。4被动形式表示主
32、动意义的几种情况。被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seated坐着;坐着;be hidden躲藏;躲藏;be lost迷路;迷路;be drunk喝醉;喝醉;be dressed穿着穿着5被动语态与系表结构的区别。被动语态与系表结构的区别。此处的系表结构指此处的系表结构指“连系动词用作表语的过去分词连系动词用作表语的过去分词”结构,它结构,它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别:与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别:被动语态强调动作;系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。被动语态强调动作;系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。The book was sold by a certain bo
33、okstore.(被动语态被动语态)The book is well sold.(系表结构系表结构)ppt精选321He broke the window,so he _(该受责备该受责备)2The new car _(属于属于)his brother.3There is something wrong with his computer and it _(需要修理需要修理)4The new novel written by Mo Yan is _(值得一值得一读读)5This kind of cake _(尝起来美味尝起来美味)and _(销销路好路好)题组训练3was to blamebe
34、longs toneeds repairing/needs to be repairedworth readingtastes goodsells wellppt精选333语法与写作语法与写作翻译句子翻译句子1我将一直把交通规则记在心里。我将一直把交通规则记在心里。(2013安徽安徽书面表达书面表达)_2我们跳起来,高兴地欢呼。我们跳起来,高兴地欢呼。(2013江西江西书面表达书面表达)_3我一直忙于学习,很少帮助我的父母做家务。我一直忙于学习,很少帮助我的父母做家务。(2013陕西陕西书面表达书面表达)_I will keep traffic rules in mind all the wa
35、y.We jumped and cheered with joy.I have been busy with my study and seldom helped my parents with the housework.ppt精选344而且,时间表一旦制定,我们应该严格遵守。而且,时间表一旦制定,我们应该严格遵守。(2013四川四川书面表达书面表达)_5据报道将在全球选择年龄至少据报道将在全球选择年龄至少18岁的岁的30名志愿者,到名志愿者,到2015年的时候被送到火星上去。年的时候被送到火星上去。(2013广东广东基础写作基础写作)_Whats more,once the timetab
36、le is made,we should follow it strictly.It is reported that thirty volunteers who are at least 18 years old will be chosen from all over the globe and sent to the Mars by the year of 2015.ppt精选354语法填空语法填空 About ten years ago when I was an undergraduate in college,I was working as an intern.One day w
37、hile 1.(work)at the cash register in the gift shop,I saw 2.elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair.As I looked closer at this girl,I then realized she had no arms 3.legs,just a head,neck and torso.She was wearing a little white dress with red dots.As the coupleworkinganorppt精选36whe
38、eled 4.up to me I was looking down at the register.I turned my head toward the girl and gave her a wink.As I took the money from her grandparents,I looked back at the girl,who was giving me the largest smile I have ever seen.All of a sudden her handicap 5.(go)and all I saw was this beautiful girl,6.
39、smile just melted me and almost immediately gave me a 7.(complete)new sense of what life is all about.She took me from a poor,herwas gonewhosecompletelyppt精选37unhappy college student and brought me 8.her worlda world of smiles,love and 9.(warm)That was ten years ago.Im a successful business person now and whenever I get down and think about the troubles of the world,it is the little girl 10.taught me the remarkable lesson about life.intowarmthwho/that感谢亲观看此幻灯片,此课件部分内容来源于网络,感谢亲观看此幻灯片,此课件部分内容来源于网络,如有侵权请及时联系我们删除,谢谢配合!如有侵权请及时联系我们删除,谢谢配合!