1、September 5th 8th 2013Nottingham Conference Centre,United Kingdomwww.nspine.co.ukLumbar Spinal Stenosis(LSS)Conservative ManagementEllen HobbsPhysiotherapistSeptember 2013What does the literature indicate?Surgery is generally the gold standard.(Negrini et al 2010;Zaina et al 2012)Only a few studies
2、have compared surgical vs non-surgical treatment.(Negrini et al 2010)Evidence regarding conservative management is limited and vague.(Atlas and Delitto 2006;Birkmeyer et al 2002;Goren et al 2009;Tomkins 2010 cited in Zaina et al 2012)However.What does the literature indicate?Research non-specific/no
3、 current standard for conservative care.Therefore do positive results truly support surgery?(Backstrom et al 2011)Long term effectiveness of surgery has been questioned.(Backstrom et al 2011;Fritz et al 1998)Patient selection for surgery is ill-defined.(Backstrom et al 2011)High risk and costly.(Fri
4、tz et al 1998)What does the literature indicate?Conservative/non-invasive=recommended first line intervention.(Negrini et al 2010;Fritz et al 1998)The natural history of LSS is not necessarily a progressive decline.(Fritz et al 1998)Patients with mild to moderate symptoms of lumbar stenosis have sat
5、isfactory outcomes following conservative management(Goren et al 2009)Proposed Conservative AdjunctsConservativePatient EducationManual TherapyCore Stability ExerciseFlexibilityAerobic training/Progressive strengtheningNeurodynamicsAnalgesiaInjectionAcupunctureFunctional restorationPain clinicPatien
6、t Education and Manual TherapyInform patient Rationale for Self management strategies(Backstrom et al 2011;Johnson et al 1991;Rademeyer 2003;Voet et al 2005)Manual Therapy Use as a component of LSS is associated with improvements in pain and disability(Reiman et al 2009;Zaina et al 2012;Goren et al
7、2009)Techniques used are varied/applied to different regions(Backstrom et al 2011)Choice of procedure less important than the introduction of movement through manual therapy.(Backstrom et al 2011)Exercise Prescription Aerobic Training and Progressive strengthening:(supervised circuit/Spinal class/Ho
8、me exercises)(Backstrom et al 2011;Goren et al 2009)Core Stability Exercise:Done with a flexion bias emphasizing pelvic control e.g.shoulder bridge (Backstrom et al 2011;Fritz et al 1998)Flexibility:Overall stiffness=common LSS presentation.(Fritz et al 1998;Whitman et al 2003,2006;Creighton et al 2
9、006;Murphy et al 2006 cited in Backstrom et al 2011;Zaina et al 2012).Limited evidence directing exercise dosage in patients with LSS.DO WE UNDERTREAT?(Backstrom et al 2011)Outcome Measures Multi-dimensional Objective markers Patient Goals/Function Roland Morris/ODI/EQ5D VAS Timed walk(15 minutes)Si
10、t to stand Considerations and Onward Referral Relies on correct differential diagnosis Difficult due to similar coexisting symptoms(Fritz et al 1998)NUH 4-6 sessions.If no change in symptomology the?onward referral.In reality there are no standard/set criteria for timeframes of conservative MxSummar
11、y Patients with mild to moderate symptoms of lumbar stenosis may benefit from conservative management(Goren et al 2009)However:Few existing RCTs(4/178)that specifically examine and report on patient with LSS receiving conservative treatment.(Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2001).Studies d
12、o not evaluate applications alone.(Goran et al 2009)Research fails to evaluate long term effectiveness of conservative management.(Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2001).Lack of comparable patient groups and pre-treatment data for both surgical and conservatively managed patient groups(Age
13、ncy for Healthcare Research and Quality 2001).True comparisons are difficult as many patient treated conservatively end up having surgery.(Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2001).Summary However does this lack of evidence prove that these treatment are not effective?(Rockville 2001)Need to
14、consider each individual patient and their symptomology when deciding conservative vs surgical.Need to establish set outcome measures for patient with LSS.AppendixIndications Lower limb pain Neurological symptoms exacerbated by walking Neurogenic claudication Reduced walking capacitiesInjection Epid
15、ural steroid injections used increasingly to relieve symptoms.(Delport et al 2004;Campbell et al 2007 cited in Backstrom et al 2011)Low level evidence studies show some benefit in patients with spinal stenosis.One RCT indicates temporary relief for one month.Conclusions beyond three months cannot be
16、 made.(Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2001).Systematic review concluded more strenuous studies need to be performed.(Nelemans et al 2005;Buenaventura et al 2009 cited in Backstrom et al 2011).Often used in combination with physiotherapy.Neurodynamics Consider that pathoneurodynamics may
17、be contributing to symptomology.Neurodynamic testing and reproduction of symptoms using differentiation may indicate neurodynamics treatment.Nerve gliding Treatment of mechanical interface:Trigger point/acupuncture Taping to offload:Inhibitory across muscle fibres.Neural offloading:reduces nocicepto
18、r impulsesReferencesAtlas SJ,Delitto A:Spinal stenosis:surgical versus nonsurgical treatment.Clin Orthop Rel Res 2006,443 pp198-207Backstrom KM,Whitman JM,Flynn TW:Lumbar spinal stenosis-diagnosis and management of the aging spine;Manual Therapy 2011,Vol 16 pp308-317.Birkmeyer NJO,Weinstein JM,Toste
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23、1-E047,March 2001.Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality,Rockville,MD.http:/www.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/stenosum.htm.Rademeyer I.Manual Therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis;a comprehensive physical therapy approach.Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 2003;14:103-10Referen
24、cesReiman M,Harris J,Cleland J.Manual therapy interventions for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis:a systematic review.New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy 2009;37:17 28.Zaina,F,Tomkins-Lane C,Carragee E,Negrini:Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis(Protocal);The Cochrane Library 2012,Issue 12;pp 1-14.
