1、主动脉根部扩张病变的外科治疗主动脉根部扩张病变的外科治疗 大血管外科1主动脉根部病变的病因主动脉根部病变的病因l继发于升主动脉瘤的主动脉根部扩张l结缔组织病如Marfan综合征和Ehlers-Danlos综合征:病变可累及主动脉窦、主动脉瓣环以及窦管交界,但瓣叶较少累及。受累部位可导致主动脉根部扩张l主动脉根部、升主动脉夹层l合并有退行性变的老年患者,尤其是合并动脉粥样硬化者 l先天性疾病如主动脉瓣二叶化畸形、主动脉瓣上狭窄先天性疾病如主动脉瓣二叶化畸形、主动脉瓣上狭窄 l其他:如大动脉炎、外伤、感染等其他:如大动脉炎、外伤、感染等 大血管外科2主动脉根部解剖结构主动脉根部解剖结构 大血管外科
2、3 Ascending aortic replacement with remodeling of the sinotubular junction Aortic insufficiency can occur in the setting of either isolated ascending aortic aneurysms or due to aortic root aneurysms.Typically these patients are older and have a large ascending aortic aneurysm and aortic insufficienc
3、y.The preoperative echocardiogram will demonstrate loss of STJ definition,minimal dilation of the sinuses and central aortic insufficiency due to lack of cusp coaptation.大血管外科4大血管外科5常见的主动脉常见的主动脉根部外科治疗方法根部外科治疗方法FWheat手术FCarbrol手术FBentall手术FDavid手术FRoss手术大血管外科6适适 应应 症症F症状症状F主动脉直径主动脉直径 三叶瓣患者:直径三叶瓣患者:直径
4、5.5cm 二叶瓣、二叶瓣、Marfan 综合征、综合征、Ehlers-Danlos、Turner 综综合征或动脉瘤家族史合征或动脉瘤家族史:直径:直径 75mmFLV end-systolic dimension of 55mm Fdeclining exercise tolerance FWhen operating for a valvular indication or aortic dissection,concomitant aortic root or ascending replacement is recommended at aortic diameters 4.5cm.大
5、血管外科8Bentall 手术手术F1969年年经典手术:可重复、安全、效果持久经典手术:可重复、安全、效果持久F手术的指征:瓣叶形态不对称或瓣叶穿孔造成的严重手术的指征:瓣叶形态不对称或瓣叶穿孔造成的严重主动脉瓣反流;主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形,合并有明显狭主动脉瓣反流;主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形,合并有明显狭窄、瓣叶增厚、脱垂或穿孔的升主动脉瘤窄、瓣叶增厚、脱垂或穿孔的升主动脉瘤F需终生抗凝治疗。与抗凝治疗相关的血栓或出血并发需终生抗凝治疗。与抗凝治疗相关的血栓或出血并发症的年发生率在症的年发生率在2-4左右左右F生活质量生活质量 F妊娠风险妊娠风险大血管外科9Bentall 手术手术大血管外科10保留瓣
6、膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术大血管外科11保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术F1992年,年,David及及Feindel发表文章,发表文章,David I型型F1993年,年,Sarsam与与Yacoub提出提出“主动脉瓣环成形术主动脉瓣环成形术”F1995年,年,David提出了适用于无主动脉瓣环扩张患者的提出了适用于无主动脉瓣环扩张患者的“成形法成形法”,David II型型F1996年,年,David在在David II的基础上,利用特氟龙毡条的基础上,利用特氟龙毡条对主动脉瓣环进行了加固,对主动脉瓣环进行了加固,David III型
7、型F将原将原David I术式中所用涤纶管道的直径增加术式中所用涤纶管道的直径增加4mm,并,并增加了对新窦管交界的皱缩操作,增加了对新窦管交界的皱缩操作,David IV型术式型术式F将原将原David I术式中所用涤纶管道的直径增加术式中所用涤纶管道的直径增加8mm,并,并增加了对新窦管交界和根部的皱缩操作,从而形成一增加了对新窦管交界和根部的皱缩操作,从而形成一个人造的假瓣窦,个人造的假瓣窦,David V型型大血管外科12适适 应应 症症FSignificant calcification of the annulus and cusps are generally considere
8、d prohibitive of an AVS operation.FSevere free margin thickening has also been demonstrated to limit long term valve durability following AVS operations.FStress fenestrations and free margin elongation are not contraindications to a valve sparing procedure,and valve repair techniques are often added
9、 to an AVS operation.大血管外科13保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术大血管外科14保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术大血管外科15保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术大血管外科16保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术大血管外科17保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术大血管外科18保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术大血管外科19保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术 大血管外科20保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置换手术保留瓣膜的主动脉瓣根部置
10、换手术大血管外科21Remodeling or reimplantationFremodeling procedure maintains the independent mobility of the individual sinus segments.Sinus segment mobility is crucial to facilitating changes in aortic root distensibility throughout the cardiac cycle.Root expansion and contraction is thought to maximize b
11、lood flow through the valve apparatus while minimizing stress and strain on the leaflets.FThe remodeling procedure fails to stabilize the annulus,which is important in preventing future annular dilatation 大血管外科22Remodeling or reimplantationFRemodeling of the aortic root is ideal for patients with pr
12、imarily ascending aortic aneurysm and AI with or without aortic sinuses aneurysm,or aortic root aneurysms with normal aortic annulus.FReimplantation of the aortic valve is ideal for patients with primarily aortic root aneurysm because of inherited connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome,
13、and familial aneurysms in whom dilation of the aortic annulus is common.FA recent collective review of 14 published series totaling 1338 patients concluded that current evidence is in favor of reimplantation rather than remodeling“in pathologies such as Marfan syndrome,acute type A aortic dissection
14、,and excessive annular dilatation that may impair aortic root integrity.”大血管外科23Remodeling or reimplantationFMost surgeons recommend that patients with annuloaortic ectasia,Marfan syndrome and other connective tissue disorders are best served by a reimplantation procedure.FThe remodeling procedure s
15、hould be reserved for older patients with a normal aortic annulus(25mm woman,27mm man)大血管外科24Bentall or AVS operationF二者的手术指征并不相同:主动脉瓣是否可以保留是二者的手术指征并不相同:主动脉瓣是否可以保留是选择两类术式的关键之一选择两类术式的关键之一F两类术式病情严重程度不同:前者的患者常有较为严两类术式病情严重程度不同:前者的患者常有较为严重的主动脉瓣关闭不全(重的主动脉瓣关闭不全(3+/4+),更容易出现主动脉),更容易出现主动脉夹层,更容易以急诊手术的形式出现夹层,更容易以急诊手术的形式出现F由于使用了机械瓣膜,由于使用了机械瓣膜,Bentall术后发生血栓事件或出术后发生血栓事件或出血事件的可能性也会更大,而行保留瓣膜的主动脉根血事件的可能性也会更大,而行保留瓣膜的主动脉根部置换手术的患者如果要再次手术,其原因无一例外部置换手术的患者如果要再次手术,其原因无一例外的都是因为主动脉瓣关闭不全的都是因为主动脉瓣关闭不全F由于术者常常倾向于为年轻的患者保留自身瓣膜,因由于术者常常倾向于为年轻的患者保留自身瓣膜,因此此Bentall手术人群的年龄相比较而言,都会更大一些手术人群的年龄相比较而言,都会更大一些大血管外科25