1、 时时 态态1.现在完成时现在完成时结构结构：have/has+过去分词过去分词用法1：表示说话之前已经完成了的动作，而且这个动作仍然存在或对现在仍有影响My cute dog has disappeared,so I am very sad.一个结构一个结构两个用法两个用法三个句型三个句型翻译句子你想看泰坦尼克号吗？不，我已经看过了。-Do you want to see Titanic？-I have already seen it.（I dont want to see it again.）常见的时间状语常见的时间状语(不确定的不确定的)：just,before,already,yet,
2、recently,lately,ever.already 已经已经yet 已经，还已经，还(多用于肯定句谓语动词前或句末)(多用于疑问句、否定句句末)求翻译我还从来没有去过南极。我已经看过这部电影了。I have already watched this movie.I havent been to the South Pole yet.用法2：表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，并还有可能继续持续下去。I have been sad since I came to school.表示动作持续时，常与since,for,up to now,so far,in the past five ye
3、ars等时间状语连用。since+时间点/句子（过去时）for时间段 since+时间段+ago 1.I have had a boyfriend _ I _ 20.2.I have had a boyfriend _ five years.3._,I have dated with him for five years.4.In the past five years,I (witness)great changes on him.sinceforUp to nowhave witnessedwas求翻译1.在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。In the past few years
4、,great changes have taken place in my hometown.2.到目前为止，他已经写了8本书了。Up to now,he has written eight books.I went to Mount Heng in 2013.I went to Mount Heng in 2015,I_(be)to Mount Heng twice.补充：补充：表示反复反复的动作 have been several times,three times1.You dont need to describe her.I _（meet）her several times.（201
5、1年北京）2.I _(call)my sister three times today but her line was always busy.（2014年江苏）have called have met 常用固定句型（一）常用固定句型（一）1.It is(has been)+一段时间一段时间+since+从从句句 （一般过去时）（一般过去时）翻译：我来学校已有两年了。翻译：我来学校已有两年了。It is two years since I came to school.=It has been two years since I came to school.2)This(That/It)i
6、s the first(second)time+(that)+从句从句（现在完成时）（现在完成时）翻译：翻译：1.这是他第一次决定好好读书。这是他第一次决定好好读书。2.这是我第二次吃蛇肉。这是我第二次吃蛇肉。It is the first time that he has decided to study hard.This is the second time that I have eaten snake.常用固定句型（二）常用固定句型（二）常用固定句型（三）常用固定句型（三）3)This(That/It)is+形容词最高级形容词最高级+名词名词+that（现在完成时）（现在完成时）1.
7、这是我看过的最好的电影。这是我看过的最好的电影。It is the best film that I have ever seen.This is the most delicious food that I have ever eaten.2.这是我吃过的最好吃的食物这是我吃过的最好吃的食物。1.It is(has been)+一段时间一段时间+since+从句从句 （一般过去时）（一般过去时）3.This(That/It)is+形容词最高级形容词最高级+名词名词+that从句从句（现在完成时）（现在完成时）2.This(That/It)is the first(second)time+th
8、at从句从句（现在完成时）（现在完成时）过去分词变形过去分词变形 规则变化规则变化 +ed 不规则变化不规则变化 1.A-A-A型型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）cost 花费 cut 割,切 hit 打 let让 put 放下 read 读 hurt伤2.A-A-B型型（现在式和过去式同形）beat beat beaten 打 3.A-B-A型型（现在式和过去分词同形）come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑 4.A-B-B型型 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 build built built 建筑 sleep s
9、lept slept 睡5.A-B-C型型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）eat ate eaten 吃 be(are)were been 是 do did done 做 1.I wonder why Jenny us recently.We should have heard from her by now.(not write)(07湖北)2.Years ago we didnt know this,but recent science (show)that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.（2013全国）3.The coffee is
10、wonderful!It doesnt taste like anything I _ before.（have)(2014北京)hasnt writtenhas shownhave had4.(改错）This is the first time I had been here.5.(改错）It was 3 months since the man died.haveis/has been 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别复习结构:一般过去：主语+did 现在完成：主语+have/has+done 一般过去：现在完成:与现在割裂对现在的影响I had a boyfriend.I have had
11、a boyfriend.But now,I still cant forget him.1.（是否对现在有影响）（是否对现在有影响）一般过去时强调过去发生动词的“一个事实”而现在完成时强调是动作“从过去持续到现在”2.（是否能持续到现在）（是否能持续到现在）They got married last month.Up to now,they have lived together for 6 years.一般过去时常与表示确定的时间状语连用：yesterday,last week,in 1990,three days ago.现在完成时：already,just,yet,beforeI (ra
12、ise)a pet dog when I was 20.I (raise)a pet dog since I was 20.I (finish)my homework yesterday.I (finish)my homework already.raisedhave raisedfinishedhave finished二.过去完成时定义：表示在过去某个动作或具体时间之前已经完成的动作。即是过去的过去结构：主语had+doneeg:I realized that we had met before.注意：注意：过去完成时一定要以一个过去时态过去完成时一定要以一个过去时态做铺垫做铺垫,这这个动
13、作一定要发生在个动作一定要发生在had done之后之后1.hardly/scarcely.when.,no sooner.than.一一.就就.遵循“前过完，后一般前过完，后一般”原则他一吃红薯（sweet potato)就放屁(fart)。Hardly had he eaten sweet potato when he farted.No sooner had she got home than she had to start on another journey.Hardly had he got into the bathroom when there came a knock on
14、 the door.2.This/it was the first/second.time that(从句过去完成时从句过去完成时)那是我第三次在同一个地方迷路了。3.愿望、打算类的词：愿望、打算类的词：Had expected/hoped/meant/intended/wanted/thought.未曾实现的愿望或意图未曾实现的愿望或意图1.They became friends again that day.Until then,they (speak)to each other for nearly two years.2.He kept looking at her,wondering
15、 whether he her somewhere.(see)3.The pen I thought I （lose）is on my desk.4.I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone （do）it.Was it you?hadnt spokenhad seenhad losthad done现在完成进行时定义：表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，并且还有可能持续到将来。结构：主语have been doing I have been learning English for ten years.Tom _(work)in
16、 the library every night over the last three months.2.现在完成进行时强调动作正在进行正在进行。The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.3.强调一个持续活动所带来的现在清晰可见的结果。Im sure you will do better in the test because you have been studying so hard this year.4.短暂性动作时，强调动作的反复进行，一直eg:I have bee
17、n coming to Beijing for 14 years.I have been calling you this morning.One morning,I was waiting at the bus stop,worried about _1_(be)late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop_2_ some of them looked very anxious and _3_(disappoint).When the bus finally came,we all hurried on boar
18、d.I got a place next _4_ the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike _5_(catch)my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but he refused _6_(stop)until we reached the next stop.Still,the boy kept _7_(ride).He
19、 was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally,when we came to the next stop,the boy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver stood up and asked,“_8_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh dear!Its _9_(I)”She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done,and the crowd of strangers _10_(sudden)became friendly to one another.beinganddisappointedtocaughtto stopridingdidMine/mesuddenly
