1、1.David arrived last night.2.Who is speaking,please?3.Two will be enough.4.Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.5.To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.6.How to do well is an important question.7.What has happened proves that our policy is right.n.pron
2、.num.v-ingto dophrasesentencesubject clause一、主语从句定义一、主语从句定义小视频端上来什么是主语从句Below is a newspaper feature article on the use of telescopes to explore space.Find the sentences with subject clauses.Check your answers!()()()()1.That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telesco
3、pes,2.Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved,but the signs are promising.3.It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries.4.How much we will learn
4、 from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination.that whetherit主语从句应使用_语序。1.Where we will have a picnic should be discussed.Where will we have a picnic should be discussed.2.How we go for a picnic should be discussed.How do we go for a picnic should be discussed.Rule 3陈述句陈述句 主语从句的语序主语从句的语序在
5、在复合句复合句中，如中，如作主语的是一个从句作主语的是一个从句，该从句，该从句被称为被称为主语从句主语从句。主语从句必须用主语从句必须用陈述语序陈述语序。the earth moves around the sun is well known.he will come or not is not known yet.That Whether1.1.连词连词that/whether that不做成分，不表意思，不能省略。不做成分，不表意思，不能省略。whether不做成分，表意思不做成分，表意思“是否是否”。用用不用不用 的情况：的情况：1._well go camping tomorrow d
6、epends on the weather.It makes no difference _ you will go today or tomorrow.2._ or not he will come still remains a question._well succeed remains to be seen.1.1.主语从句主语从句时；时；位于句首位于句首2.2.从句后有从句后有或紧跟或紧跟时时oror notWhetherWhetherWhetherwhether主语从句中用主语从句中用 whether 不用不用 if 的情况：的情况：1.1.主语从句位于主语从句位于句首句首时时;2
7、.2.从句后有从句后有or或紧跟或紧跟or not时。时。1._ hell come this evening is uncertain.2.Its uncertain _ hell come this evening.3._ shes coming or not doesnt matter too much.Whether whether/if WhetherHe doesnt know _you will leave.3.It makes no difference you will go today or tomorrow.1._ hell come this evening is un
8、certain.2.Its uncertain _ hell come this evening.Whether whether/if whether4.他不确定你什么时候走。What he is not sure is _you will leave.whether whether/if主语从句中用主语从句中用 whether 不用不用 if 的情况：的情况：1.主语从句位于主语从句位于句首句首时时;2.从句后有从句后有or或紧跟或紧跟or not时。时。5._ you work hard,you are sure to succeed.If宾语从句中宾语从句中whether和和 if 可互
9、换，表语从句、同位可互换，表语从句、同位语从句用语从句用 whether 不用不用 if.条件状语从句用条件状语从句用 if 不用不用 whether._will be sent there has not been decided._you need is more practice._one is the best is not clear._ comes first will get a free book._ he did was right._ team gains the most points wins.连接代词连接代词WhoWhatWhichWhoeverWhateverWhi
10、cheverwho，what，which，whoever,whatever,whichever_they will come hasnt been made public._he has gone is a question._there is gravity is hard to understand._ he can earn a living in Britainremains a big problem.1.when,where,why,how连接副词WhenWhereWhyHow_ he didnt attend the meeting wasnt clear.连接代词和连接副词在句
11、中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。_ the plane will take off has not been announced._ will come to teach us is not known._ hurt my feelings was the judges comment.WhoWhat WhyWhen连接代词通常在主语从句中充当成分英译中：Who will be sent there has not been decided.What you need is more practice.Which one is the best is not cl
12、ear.Whoever comes first will get a free book.Whatever he did was right.Whichever team gains the most points wins.谁会被派出去还不知道。你所需要的(东西)是更多的实践。哪一个是最好的还不清楚。无论谁第一个到(任何第一个到的人)都会得一本免费书。他做的任何事情都是对的。无论哪个队获得最多分就算赢。2.2.连接代词连接代词who/what/which/whoever/whatever/whicheverwho/whoever引导名词从句的区别：引导名词从句的区别：who引导的表引导的表“
13、一件事一件事”，whoever引导表引导表“一个人一个人”连接代词做主干成分，表意思，不能省略。连接代词做主干成分，表意思，不能省略。中译英：他们什么时候会来还没有公布。他去了哪里还是个问题。为什么会有重力难以理解。他能如何在英国谋生依然还是一个问题。they will come hasnt been made public.he has gone is a question.there is gravity is hard to understand.he can earn a living in Britain remains a big problem.when,where why,ho
14、w3.3.连接副词连接副词 When Where Why How连接副词引导名词从句，在句中不做主干成分，连接副词引导名词从句，在句中不做主干成分，表意思。表意思。6.What we need _ more books.1.Who won the match _ still unknown.5.What she lacks _ experience.2.What you said _ perfectly true.3.When and why he will leave there _ unknown.4.What you said and what you did _all right.wa
15、s was is were is were一个一个主语从句后的谓语动词一般用主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式单数形式。多个多个主语从句后的谓语动词用主语从句后的谓语动词用复数形式。复数形式。一个主语从句的一个主语从句的几个方面几个方面也用也用单数形式。单数形式。what引导的主语从句，引导的主语从句，谓语动词的数由后面的谓语动词的数由后面的表语表语决定决定。1.Whether the patient will be taken _ unknown.2.When and where the patient will be taken _ unknown.3.When the task can
16、be finished and whether he can have a rest _ unknown.4.What he wants most _ staying with his family.What they need _ masks(口罩口罩).主句的谓语动词，大多数使用主句的谓语动词，大多数使用_ (单数？复数？单数？复数？)由两个连接词引导同一个主从，谓动使用由两个连接词引导同一个主从，谓动使用_(单数？复数？单数？复数？)主语为主语为and连接的两个主从时，谓动使用连接的两个主从时，谓动使用_(单数？复数？单数？复数？)what在主从中做宾语时，谓动由在主从中做宾语时，谓动由
17、_决定单复数决定单复数(主语？表语？主语？表语？)单数单数单数单数复数复数表语表语isisareis are1.很明显他已经知道了真相。2.他们是否能完成任务还不确定。3.他们什么时候来还没有决定。_ is obvious _ he has known the truth._ is uncertain _ they will finish the tasks._ hasnt been decided _ they will come.It that Itwhether It when主语从句常用主语从句常用it作作形式主语形式主语放放句首句首,从句从句为为真正真正的主语的主语，放在，放在句末句
18、末，使句子更平衡。，使句子更平衡。it作形式主语的主语从句作形式主语的主语从句P A R T 4Itbe形容词/名词短语/过去分词/不及物动词 that从句It is certain that the medicine will not bring about side effect,because thousand of patients have taken it.形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)It is a pity that you missed such a good c
19、hance.Its said that he has gone to Shanghai.过去分词(said/told/reported等)It appears that he is worrying about something不及物动词(seem,appear,happen,matter等)句型精讲句型精讲clear,obvious,likely,probable,essential surprising句型一形容词1.It+be+形容词+主语从句 做.是.的 我们都不知道谁会告诉我们最新信息。.It is unknown to us all who will tell us the la
20、test information.句型精讲句型精讲said,reported,believed,thought,announced，estimated句型二过去分词2.It+be+过去分词+主语从句 据.例：据说他是班上最用功的学生.It is said that he studies hardest in class.句型精讲句型精讲pity,honor,good idea,fact,good news 句型三名词3.It+be+名词+主语从句 做.是.的例：很遗憾他错过了这么好的机会,It was a pity that he missed such a good chance.句型精讲句
21、型精讲seem,happen,appear,look,occur,turn out 句型四不及物动词4.It+不及物动词+主语从句例：It happened that they were out that day.碰巧那天他们不在家。It happened that.碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起It seems/appears that.看起来.句型精讲句型精讲worry,shock 句型五及物动词5.It+及物动词+宾语+主语从句例：It shocks me that he failed in this exam.他没通过考试，震惊到我了。中译英：中译英：1.
22、很遗憾他错过了这么好的机会。2.据说他是班上最用功的学生。3.碰巧我那天外出了。4.我们都不知道谁会告诉我们最新信息。It was a pity that he missed such a good chance.It is said that he studies hardest in class.It happened that I was out that day.It is unknown to us all who will tell us the latest information.2.2.引导主语从句的词有：引导主语从句的词有：连词连词_,_;连接代词连接代词_,_,_,_,_
23、,_;连接副词连接副词_,_,_,_等。等。3.3.主语从句常用主语从句常用_作形式主语放句首作形式主语放句首,从句从句 为为_，放在句末。，放在句末。1.1.主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语从句在复合句中作句子的_。主语主语thatwhetherwhowhatwhichwhenwherehowwhywhoever whateverit真正的主语真正的主语whichever做题原则做题原则依据依据缺什么补什么缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。原则确定正确的连词。所谓缺什么补什么所谓缺什么补什么”是指是指从句从句与与连词连词之间的关系。之间的关系。如果句子中缺如果句子中缺主语主语，指，指人人用用w
24、ho，指，指物物用用what。如缺如缺宾语宾语，指，指人人用用whom，指，指物物用用what。如缺如缺时间状语时间状语用用when；地点状语地点状语用用where。原因状语原因状语用用why；方式状语方式状语用用how。如缺如缺定语定语用用what或或which。如如什么都不缺什么都不缺用用that，Whether表表“是否是否”。1.(2021全国卷甲卷阅读理解全国卷甲卷阅读理解D)Its said that history is written by the victors,and those victors set the standards for admission to the
25、genius club.据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为天才俱乐部设立了准入标准。胜利者为天才俱乐部设立了准入标准。直击高考直击高考翻译句子。翻译句子。2.(2020(2020江苏卷江苏卷)It is not a problem _ we can win the battle;its just a matter of time.A.whether B.why C.when D.where【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。是问题；这只是时间问题。A.whether是否
26、；是否；B.why 为什为什么；么；C.when什么时候；什么时候；D.where 在那里。根据下文在那里。根据下文its just a matter of time可知，此处指可知，此处指“我们能否打赢这场战我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正引导的从句是真正的主语。故选的主语。故选A。直击高考直击高考B1 Circle the mistakes and correct them in the blanks.1 The space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.
27、谓谓主主That the space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.Applying the rules 主从为主从为 陈述句，不缺成分，不缺意义，用陈述句，不缺成分，不缺意义，用that来引导来引导2 Whether they are able to grow more vegetables depend on how much time it takes.谓谓主主单个从句做主语，主句谓语用三单。Whether they are able to grow more vegetables depends on how much
28、 time it takes.3 It was not clear how long he will stay on the space station.主主从句时态应与主句保持一致It is not clear how long he would stay on the space station.4 What the lunar probe did not land was a worry for the people back on the Earth.主主主从为陈述句，不缺成分和意义That the lunar probe did not land was a worry for th
29、e people back on the Earth.5 That makes the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully launched a space rocket.主主主从缺主语，指“.的东西”What makes the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully launched a space rocket.谓谓谓谓1.It is a pity we might miss the opening scene.2.They lost their way i
30、n the forest and made matters worse was _ the night began to fall.3.There is no doubt,in my opinion,that matters is not quantity,but the quality of products.4.It doesnt interest me _ you succeed or not.5.they will have the sports meeting is still a question,for they have so many things to do.6.we ar
31、e permitted to use the library is not known.7.the author referred to in his article was unknown to the general readers.8.will be our English teacher in the new term hasnt been decided yet.thatthatwhat whatwhether whenwhether whether whatwho1._ struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love fo
32、r his son.2._ he will refuse the offer is unlikely.3._ well go camping tomorrow or not depends on the weather.4._ the ancient Egyptians built the Pyramids puzzled people for centuries.5.It is not yet clear _ broke the window of the classroom.6._ he will come back from France is unknown,and I will ch
33、eck the time.7.It is possible _ Bob will be present at the meeting tomorrow.8._ team will win the game is difficult to predict.WhatThatWhetherHowwhoWhenthatWhich1.Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.2.If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.3.That the professor said is of great impo
34、rtance.Thatthat 虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。Whetherif,whether 都可表示都可表示“是否是否”,”,但但 if 不能引导位于主句之前的主不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句语从句,它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语itit的主语从句。的主语从句。主语从句常见错误主语从句常见错误Whatthat 引导引导主语从句时无词义。主语从句时无词义。What the professor said 表示表示“教授所说的教授所说的”。4.Where will the trees be plante
35、d has not been decided.5.No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.6.When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.将将 will 置于置于 trees 之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。Whoever 引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用 whoever。remains主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语
36、要用单数形式。1.无论谁最后离开房间，都应该把灯关掉。无论谁最后离开房间，都应该把灯关掉。_ ought to turn off the lights.2.他昨天为什么来这里是个秘密。他昨天为什么来这里是个秘密。_ is a secret.3.我们不知道杰克什么时候能完成这本书的翻译。我们不知道杰克什么时候能完成这本书的翻译。_ is unknown to us.4.飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。_ when the plane is to take off.5.很遗憾你不能参加我的生日聚会。很遗憾你不能参加我的生日聚会。_ you cant attend my birthd
37、ay party.Whoever leaves the room lastWhy he came here yesterdayWhen Jack will finish translating the bookIt has not been announcedIt is a pity thatThe passage below is about the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program.Complete the passage with the correct subject clauses in the box below.There is one clau
38、se you do NOT need to use.Write the letters in the blanks.Check your answers!P21 B2ebac certain clear important necessary probable possible主语从句常用主语从句常用it作作形式主语形式主语放放句首句首,从句从句为为真正的主语真正的主语，放在，放在句句末末，使句子更平衡。，使句子更平衡。常用句型有：常用句型有：It is/was+that clause1.It+be+形容词形容词+that从句从句 It is certain that she will do
39、well in her exam.可以肯定的是，她会在考试中做得很好。可以肯定的是，她会在考试中做得很好。It is probable that he told me everything.他可能把一切都告诉我了。他可能把一切都告诉我了。It is natural that they should have different views.他们有不同观点是很自然的。他们有不同观点是很自然的。It is strange that he knows nothing about it.很奇怪他对此竟一无所知。很奇怪他对此竟一无所知。2.It+be+名词词组名词词组+that从句从句 pity sha
40、me duty It is a pity that he missed such a good chance.It is/was a+that clause It is a shame that youre sick.很遗憾他错过了这么好的机会。很遗憾他错过了这么好的机会。真遗憾你病了。真遗憾你病了。3.It+be+V-ed+that从句从句 said reported thought hoped believed known It is+that clause It is said that he is the best student in the class.It is thought
41、that Joe drives badly.据说他是班上最好的学生。据说他是班上最好的学生。人们认为乔开车开得不好。人们认为乔开车开得不好。It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.It happened that I was out that day.It appears to me that you dont want to come to the party.4.It+seem,happen,appear等不及物动词等不及物动词+that从句。从句。爱丽丝似乎根本不会来参加晚会。爱丽丝似乎根本不会来参加晚会。碰巧我那天外出
42、了。碰巧我那天外出了。在我看来，你不想来参加聚会。在我看来，你不想来参加聚会。1.It+be+形容词形容词+that从句从句 certain clear important necessary probable possible常用句型有：常用句型有：It is/was+that clause2.It+seem,happen,appear 等不及物动词等不及物动词 +that从句。从句。3.It+be+名词名词(词组词组)+that从句从句 pity shame duty It is/was a+that clause4.It+be+V-ed+that从句从句 said reported th
43、ought hoped believed known It is+that clause中译英：中译英：1.很遗憾他错过了这么好的机会。2.据说他是班上最用功的学生。3.碰巧我那天外出了。4.我们都不知道谁会告诉我们最新信息。It was a pity that he missed such a good chance.It is said that he studies hardest in class.It happened that I was out that day.It is unknown to us all who will tell us the latest informa
44、tion.2.2.引导主语从句的词有：引导主语从句的词有：连词连词_,_;连接代词连接代词_,_,_,_,_,_;连接副词连接副词_,_,_,_等。等。3.3.主语从句常用主语从句常用_作形式主语放句首作形式主语放句首,从句从句 为为_，放在句末。，放在句末。1.1.主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语从句在复合句中作句子的_。主语主语thatwhetherwhowhatwhichwhenwherehowwhywhoever whateverit真正的主语真正的主语whicheverI.用适当的连接词填空。用适当的连接词填空。1._ struck me most in the movie was t
45、he fathers deep love for his son.2._ he will refuse the offer is unlikely.3._ well go camping tomorrow or not depends on the weather.4._ the ancient Egyptians built the Pyramids puzzled people for centuries.5.It is not yet clear _ broke the window of the classroom.6._ he will come back from France i
46、s unknown,and I will check the time.7.It is possible _ Bob will be present at the meeting tomorrow.8._ team will win the game is difficult to predict.WhatThatWhetherHowwhoWhenthatWhichII.根据汉语意思，完成下列句子。根据汉语意思，完成下列句子。1.无论谁最后离开房间，都应该把灯关掉。_ ought to turn off the lights.2.他昨天为什么来这里是个秘密。_ is a secret.3.我们
47、不知道杰克什么时候能完成这本书的翻译。_ is unknown to us.4.飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。_ when the plane is to take off.5.你不喜欢他不关我的事。_ is none of my business.6.很遗憾你不能参加我的生日聚会。_ you cant attend my birthday party.Whoever leaves the room lastWhy he came here yesterdayWhen Jack will finish translating the bookIt has not been announcedThat you dont like himIt is a pity that
