1、Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Discovering Useful StructureStructure Attributive Clause 定语从句 What did we learn in Reading and Thinking?We learnt about an earthquake.我们了解了一场地震。We learnt about a terrible earthquake.我们了解了一场可怕的地震。We learnt about earthquake happening 46 years ago.我们了解了一场发生在4
2、6年前的地震。What is attribute(定语）？定语）？用来修饰、形容名词/代词的词words and phrases sentencesAttributive Clause(定语从句）定语从句）What is attribute(定语）？定语）？用来修饰、形容名词/代词的词words and phrases sentencesWe learnt about an earthquake.The earthquake shows the great love among the Chinese people.我们了解了一场展现中国人大爱之情的地震。We learnt about an
3、earthquake which/that shows the great love among the Chinese people.关系词关系词z先行词先行词1.Restrictive relative clauses:provide specific information about sb/sth 2.Reduce the repetition.Lily is the active girlwho gets injuredwho gets injured.who wears a watchwho wears a watch.Jenny is the outgoing girlWho i
4、s Lily?Who is Who is Lily?Who is Jenny?Jenny?LilLily yJennyJennyThis passage is a very nice literary journalism It uses a lot of attributive clauses,lets find out together.1.There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.2.A quake that/which even caused damage more than 150 kilometers
5、away in Beijing had begun.这场甚至对150千米外的北京造成了破坏的地震开始了。3.Two-thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.三分之二住在那里的人们丧生或受伤了。4.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the earthquake was more than 400,000.在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。5.The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to
6、 dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.军队派出了15万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困的人员并埋葬遇难者。6.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者建造避难所。1.连接作用：连接作用：引导从句，把从句和它所修饰的内容连接起来；引导从句，把从句和它所修饰的内容连接起来；关系词关系词What do“that/which”,“who”,“whose”refer to?2.替代作用：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的先行词替代
7、作用：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的先行词关系词关系词1.There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.2.A quake that/which even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing had begun.3.Two-thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.4.The number of people who were killed or badly injured i
8、n the earthquake was more than 400,000.主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience which my great-grandma cannot
9、 forget.A girl whom the doctor rescued in the earthquake is now eighteen.宾语宾语宾语宾语主语主语定语定语3.在从句中充当成分：作主语、在从句中充当成分：作主语、宾语、定语宾语、定语关系词关系词关系代词：关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose等等。引导定语从句的关系代词有三个作用：引导定语从句的关系代词有三个作用：1)连接作用连接作用：引导从句，把从句和它所修饰的内容连接：引导从句，把从句和它所修饰的内容连接起来；起来；2)替代作用替代作用：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的先行词；：在从句中替代被从句所修饰
10、的先行词；3)在从句中在从句中充当成分充当成分：作主语、宾语、表语、定语。：作主语、宾语、表语、定语。Discuss：1.先行词是人/物？2.关系代词在从句中充当主，宾还是定？关系代词先行词人/物例句thatwhichTwo thirds of the people that lived there were dead or injured.The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience(that)my great-grandma cannot forget.The first aid kit(which)she brought has sa
11、ved many lives.There were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake in Wenchuan.（主语）（主语）（宾语）（宾语）人物物物peoplething(s)thing(s)thing(s)关系代词先行词例句whowhomThe number of people who were killed in the earthquake was over 100Danny was the man who we rescued from the ruins.Zhong Nanshan is a hero whom
12、 I really admire.There are many people with whom you can share your feelings.（主语）（宾语）（宾语）（宾语）人人人peoplepeoplepeople人people关系代词先行词例句whoseWorkers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.He lived in a house whose floor had been flooded.Lots of children whose parents lost lives in the
13、 disaster needed help.（定语）（定语）（定语）物人人peoplething(s)people关系关系代词代词指代指代在定语从句中所充当的成分在定语从句中所充当的成分人人物物句子句子主语主语宾语宾语定语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose Summarize the usage of the relative pronouns only that(只用that,不能用which)(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。This is the first book _ he has read.(that)It is the most beautiful city _ I
14、ve ever seen.that(4)先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。This is the very book _ belongs to him.thatHe is the only person _ was present at the time.thatonly that(只用that,不能用which)(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。I am sure she has something _ you can borrow.(th
15、at)Do you have anything _ you dont understand?(that)(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。Ive read all the books _ you lend me.thatPlease send us any information _ you have about the subject.thatonly that(只用that,不能用which)(5)先行词既有人又有物时。The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast are
16、popular to the students.that(6)先行词是who或which引导的主句。Who is the girl _ drove the car?thatApply the rulesApply the rules Complete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom or“/”.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.1.Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2.The terribl
17、e shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were asleep.3.The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.4.Several days later,most of the buildings _ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.that/whothat/whowhich/thatwhich/thatwhosewhosethat OR tha
18、t OR/I.用用who,whom,which或或that完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1.Its a book _ introduces how to cook.2.There are many volunteers _ are helping the poor children.3.This is the bike _ my brother gave me for my birthday.4.The girl _ is standing under the tree is my little sister.that/whichwho/thatthat/whichwho/that判断关系代词的
19、步骤steps：Step 1：确定先行词表述的是“人”还是“物”Step 2：找到谓语动词（这一步很重要）Step 3：谓语动词前为主语，谓语动词或介词后为宾语5.The woman _ you met yesterday is my aunt.6.Bruce,there is someone outside _ would like to see you.7.Do you know the boy _ threw the stone at the window?8.I am looking for the backpack _ I bought yesterday.whom/who/that
20、who/thatwho/thatthat/whichThe people live in Wenchuan.They will never forget the day 12 May,2008.The 8.0-magnitude earthquake hit this area.It killed over 80,000 people and turned many towns and counties into ruins.The rescue work was organized by the government.The work showed the power of unity am
21、ong Chinese people.Polish the passage with the attributive clauses we have learned today!The people(1)_ live in Wenchuan county will never forget the day 12 May,2008.The 8.0-magnitude earthquake(2)_killed over 80,000 people and turned many towns and counties into ruins.The rescue work(3)_was organized by the government showed the power of unity among Chinese people.which/thatwhich/thatwhoPolish the passage with the attributive clauses we have learned today!Try to use attributive clauses in your own writing!Thank youThank you
