1、英语阅读微技能英语阅读微技能 -细节理解题之解题细节理解题之解题策略策略 -南京南京九中九中 吕若男吕若男 2018.4.162018.4.16推理判断推理判断 猜测词猜测词义义篇章结构篇章结构主旨大意主旨大意作者态度作者态度细节理解细节理解2015年7 题2016年10 题2017年9 题S Spot pot thethe differences differences细细节理解节理解题题 测测试学生试学生对对特特定细节定细节或或重重要事实要事实的的辨认能辨认能力力类型划分类型划分1 1：直接辨直接辨认型认型:获取获取信息信息-记记住信住信息息-回忆并对号入座回忆并对号入座如：如：Which
2、 buttons Which buttons directly control the directly control the movement of the Rocket Ball?movement of the Rocket Ball?细细节理解节理解题题 类型划分类型划分1 1：间间接辨认接辨认型型:获获取信取信息息-加工转换加工转换-得出得出正确正确释释义义 同义（反义）转换、同义（反义）转换、排序、图文转换、排序、图文转换、数字转换、数字转换、细细节理解节理解题题 类型划分类型划分2 2：集中型集中型:就单个就单个特定特定细节提问，答案位于单句细节提问，答案位于单句 和和上下文处上
3、下文处如：如：As is mentioned in the card,As is mentioned in the card,the the limitationlimitation of the research of the research paper mainly lies in that_paper mainly lies in that_细细节理解节理解题题 类型划分类型划分2 2：分散型分散型:正确答案和干扰项对应的细节分正确答案和干扰项对应的细节分散在散在文文中多处中多处 如：如：1.Which of the following is 1.Which of the follow
4、ing is Not Not M Mentioned/True?entioned/True?2.We can 2.We can learn from learn from the passage the passage that _.that _.3.All the following statements 3.All the following statements may be true may be true exceptexcept_ ._ .细细节理解节理解题题 题型题型：1.1.文章细节题：文章细节题：what/who/when/where/how/whywhat/who/when
5、/where/how/why2.2.是非题：是非题：Which of the following is Not True?Which of the following is Not True?3.3.图表数据题图表数据题(计算计算)4.4.排序题排序题5.5.其他题：其他题：1 1 正误并存；半对半错正误并存；半对半错 “干扰项干扰项”面面观面面观3 3 无中生有；主观臆想无中生有；主观臆想4 4 文不对题；答非所问文不对题；答非所问5 5 张冠李戴；偷换概念张冠李戴；偷换概念 2 2 以偏概全；过于夸大以偏概全；过于夸大正误并存；半对半错正误并存；半对半错 The robot Buddy c
6、an patrol the home when the The robot Buddy can patrol the home when the residents are not home and contact a persons phone residents are not home and contact a persons phone if it detects an intruder or fire.Many of the robots if it detects an intruder or fire.Many of the robots have cameras that a
7、ct as eyes.For those concerned have cameras that act as eyes.For those concerned about someone hacking into a robot to peep into a home,about someone hacking into a robot to peep into a home,there are safeguards to look for when purchasing there are safeguards to look for when purchasing one.“When t
8、he camera is activated,we will show it on one.“When the camera is activated,we will show it on the screen and specific lights so you know that the screen and specific lights so you know that someone is using your camera,”Hasselvander said someone is using your camera,”Hasselvander said about Buddy.a
9、bout Buddy.What do we know about“Buddy”?What do we know about“Buddy”?A.A.2018 weil witness Buddy go into different families.2018 weil witness Buddy go into different families.B.B.Buddy is equipped with special eyes to protect Buddy is equipped with special eyes to protect itself.itself.C.C.Buddy can
10、 safeguard the home and sound the fire Buddy can safeguard the home and sound the fire alarm.alarm.D.D.Buddy has an advantage over conventional smart Buddy has an advantage over conventional smart products.products.Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful t
11、hings.A person who eats such food can get an things.A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning.Food poisoning is illness called food poisoning.Food poisoning is usually not serious,but some types are deadly.usually not serious,but some types are deadly.The symptoms of food
12、poisoning usually begin The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the most common symptoms.is one of the most common symptoms.Which of the following statements is NOT True?Which of the followin
13、g statements is NOT True?A.Food when poisoned can make people sick.A.Food when poisoned can make people sick.B.Food poisoning means death.B.Food poisoning means death.C.Food poisoning comes in varieties.C.Food poisoning comes in varieties.D.Food poisoning can be serious.D.Food poisoning can be serio
14、us.以偏概全；过于夸大以偏概全；过于夸大 以偏概全；过于夸大以偏概全；过于夸大 .The system wouldnt mean having to keep your .The system wouldnt mean having to keep your lights on all the time either,Haas says-bulbs could be lights on all the time either,Haas says-bulbs could be dimmed to such a point that they appear off,but still dimme
15、d to such a point that they appear off,but still transmit.The system can easily network any device with transmit.The system can easily network any device with an LED lightan electric kettle,an oven.LED an LED lightan electric kettle,an oven.LED streetlights could even be used to form a network of st
16、reetlights could even be used to form a network of outdoor Li-Fi,making it possible to stay connected when outdoor Li-Fi,making it possible to stay connected when walking around the city.But some sound a cautious note walking around the city.But some sound a cautious note about VLCs future.It become
17、s less powerful,for about VLCs future.It becomes less powerful,for example,when light is blocked,wheather due to fog or example,when light is blocked,wheather due to fog or other conditions.other conditions.We can learn from the passage that _ We can learn from the passage that _A.A.Li-Fi can work w
18、ith LED lights off.Li-Fi can work with LED lights off.B.B.Li-Fi can be used with all household appliancesLi-Fi can be used with all household appliancesC.C.Li-Fi cant work outdoors.Li-Fi cant work outdoors.D.D.Li-Fi needs improving to meet diverse need.Li-Fi needs improving to meet diverse need.The
19、scientists compared how much pressure was put on The scientists compared how much pressure was put on the womens knees by both types of shoes.The women the womens knees by both types of shoes.The women also walked barefoot to test normal pressure.The also walked barefoot to test normal pressure.The
20、scientists found that both types of shoes applied equal scientists found that both types of shoes applied equal amounts of pressure to the knees.amounts of pressure to the knees.1.1.We learn from the passage that women choose We learn from the passage that women choose chunky heels because_.chunky h
21、eels because_.A.they want to walk comfortablyA.they want to walk comfortablyB.chunkyB.chunky（粗短高跟）（粗短高跟）heeled shoes are heeled shoes are cheaper than stiletto(cheaper than stiletto(细高跟细高跟)heeled pairs)heeled pairsC.chunky heels do less harm to kneesC.chunky heels do less harm to kneesD.chunky heels
22、 are not painful at allD.chunky heels are not painful at all无中生有；主观臆想无中生有；主观臆想 Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable,Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable,so women wear so women wear them all day long,”Kerrigan said.“They are better for them all day long,”Kerrigan said.“They are better for your feet than
23、stiletto heels,but just as had for your your feet than stiletto heels,but just as had for your knees.”.knees.”.The first study looked only at stilettoheels,The first study looked only at stilettoheels,and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunkyand Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky（粗短
24、）（粗短）high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.This high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.This study confirms what we all intuitively know that high-study confirms what we all intuitively know that high-heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health,heeled shoes of any kind a
25、re not good for our health,said Dr.Glenn Pfeifer,a San Francisco doctor said Dr.Glenn Pfeifer,a San Francisco doctor Kerri gans late study looked at the chunky high-Kerri gans late study looked at the chunky high-heeled shoes because_.heeled shoes because_.A.they feel more comfortableA.they feel mor
26、e comfortableB.they are related to knee osteoarthritisB.they are related to knee osteoarthritisC.they are worn by many womenC.they are worn by many womenD.they are different from stiletto heelsD.they are different from stiletto heels文不对题；答非所问文不对题；答非所问 Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable,so women wear
27、 Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable,so women wear them all day long,Kerrigan said.They are better for them all day long,Kerrigan said.They are better for your feet than stiletto your feet than stiletto（细高跟）（细高跟）heels,but just as heels,but just as had for your knees.“.had for your knees.“.The warden(
28、The warden(狩猎监督官狩猎监督官)set out three)set out three steel traps that night.In the morning one was steel traps that night.In the morning one was empty.The other two had been stolen by the empty.The other two had been stolen by the beavers(beavers(河狸河狸)and used to strengthen the dam.)and used to strengt
29、hen the dam.The warden,cursing the state law against The warden,cursing the state law against hunting beavers with firearms,got his traps hunting beavers with firearms,got his traps back and set them out again and again.And back and set them out again and again.And every night the beavers stole them
30、.every night the beavers stole them.What did the local game warden do?What did the local game warden do?A.He made steel traps to strengthen the dam.A.He made steel traps to strengthen the dam.B.He set out to hunt the beavers with firearms.B.He set out to hunt the beavers with firearms.C.He learned a
31、 lot about the construction of C.He learned a lot about the construction of the dam.the dam.D.He used petrol-soaked bags to drive the D.He used petrol-soaked bags to drive the beavers away.beavers away.张冠李戴；偷换概念张冠李戴；偷换概念 Treatment centres have popped up around Treatment centres have popped up around
32、 the world.In 2006 Amsterdams Smith&Jones the world.In 2006 Amsterdams Smith&Jones facility claims to be“the first and,currently,facility claims to be“the first and,currently,the only residential video-game treatment the only residential video-game treatment program in the world”.In America the rest
33、art program in the world”.In America the restart Internet Addiction Recovery Program claims to Internet Addiction Recovery Program claims to treat internet addiction,gaming addiction,and treat internet addiction,gaming addiction,and even“texting addiction”.In China,meanwhile,even“texting addiction”.
34、In China,meanwhile,military-style“boot camps”are the preferred military-style“boot camps”are the preferred way to treat internet problems.way to treat internet problems.Which of the following is true about the Which of the following is true about the worlds efforts to fight Internet addiction?worlds
35、 efforts to fight Internet addiction?B.Amsterdam once started the worlds first B.Amsterdam once started the worlds first video-game treament program.video-game treament program.D.Military-style camps in China prove to be the D.Military-style camps in China prove to be the best to treat Internet prob
36、mlems.best to treat Internet probmlems.1 1 正误并存；半对半错正误并存；半对半错 “干扰项干扰项”面面观面面观3 3 无中生有；主观臆想无中生有；主观臆想4 4 文不对题；答非所问文不对题；答非所问5 5 张冠李戴；偷换概念张冠李戴；偷换概念 2 2 以偏概全；过于夸大以偏概全；过于夸大细细节理解节理解题题 解题原则及步骤、方法：解题原则及步骤、方法：原则原则：忠实于原文原句及全篇逻辑关系，忠实于原文原句及全篇逻辑关系，不能主观臆断不能主观臆断步骤和方法步骤和方法：Step1Step1：题干中：题干中选定选定关键词关键词 （定位词）（定位词）Step2
37、Step2：通过：通过略读、查读略读、查读锁定文中锁定文中定位区域定位区域Step3:Step3:结合信息区域上下文结合信息区域上下文理解、比对理解、比对 Step4:Step4:排排除干扰除干扰项项，筛选筛选得出答案得出答案定位词通常是哪些词？定位词通常是哪些词？1.1.人名、人名、地地名等名等专有名词专有名词；年份、数字等；年份、数字等数词数词及题干中的及题干中的大写名词大写名词2.2.指指代具体代具体事物或人事物或人物物的的名名词词3.3.词词义鲜义鲜明的明的动词、形容词、副词动词、形容词、副词等等实实词词题干和正确选项的典型特点题干和正确选项的典型特点 替换关键词替换关键词：把文中关键
38、词转化替换成：把文中关键词转化替换成同同/近义词近义词，设置题干或正确选项。，设置题干或正确选项。词性或语态变化词性或语态变化 :把原文句中的词变换把原文句中的词变换词性或语态，以制造理解障碍。词性或语态，以制造理解障碍。语言简化语言简化,长话短说：长话短说：把原文中散杂语言把原文中散杂语言现象进行提炼总结，成为题干或正确答案。现象进行提炼总结，成为题干或正确答案。When I was growing up in America,I was When I was growing up in America,I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English.
39、Because ashamed of my mothers Chinese English.Because of her English,she was often treated unfairly.of her English,she was often treated unfairly.People in department stores,at banks,and at People in department stores,at banks,and at restaurants did not take her seriously,did not restaurants did not
40、 take her seriously,did not give her good service,pretended not to give her good service,pretended not to understand her,or even acted as if they did not understand her,or even acted as if they did not hear her.hear her.41.Why was the author41.Why was the author s mother poorly served?s mother poorl
41、y served?A.She was unable to speak good English.A.She was unable to speak good English.B.She was often misunderstood.B.She was often misunderstood.C.She was not clearly heard.C.She was not clearly heard.D.She was not very polite.D.She was not very polite.替换关键词（同替换关键词（同/近义词替换）近义词替换）偷换概念偷换概念无中生有无中生有 C
42、onfucius Confucius.assumed that all men were assumed that all men were equal at birth,though some equal at birth,though some had more had more potential than others,potential than others,andand that it was that it was knowledge that set men apart.Socrates knowledge that set men apart.Socrates focuse
43、d on individual,and thought that the focused on individual,and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom.greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom.He believed He believed.66.What made some people different from 66.What made some people different from others according toothers acco
44、rding to Confucius?Confucius?A.Family A.Family B.B.Potential Potential C.Knowledge D.C.Knowledge D.CommunityCommunity词性或语态变化词性或语态变化 Traditionally,people have drunk bottled water for Traditionally,people have drunk bottled water for health reasons.The practice of“taking the waters”health reasons.The
45、practice of“taking the waters”originated with the Romans,who believed that a person originated with the Romans,who believed that a person developed a healthy mind by building a healthy body.developed a healthy mind by building a healthy body.Across Europe,drinking or bathing in mineral water has Acr
46、oss Europe,drinking or bathing in mineral water has been associated with the power to cure various diseasesbeen associated with the power to cure various diseases 1 1Which of the following statements is TRUE?Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.A.Bottled water was once drunk both by the Bottl
47、ed water was once drunk both by the rich and the poor.rich and the poor.B.B.Bottled water sales have risen,for its Bottled water sales have risen,for its cheaper than tap water.cheaper than tap water.C.C.Europeans believed in the power of treatment Europeans believed in the power of treatment of min
48、eral water.of mineral water.D.D.Americans have had the habit of drinking Americans have had the habit of drinking bottled water for long.bottled water for long.词性或语态变化词性或语态变化无中生有无中生有 Unfortunately,the leaders invested the Unfortunately,the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dol
49、lars.In money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition,they used millions more dollars for addition,they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem their phosphate was had a terrible
50、 problem their phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000,Nauru was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000,Nauru was financially ruined.Experts say that it would take financially ruined.Experts sa
