1、List 19ponderableponderable【考法 1】adj.有价值的，值得考虑的有价值的，值得考虑的：considerable enough to be weighed or assessed【例】Climate change has exerted a ponderable influence on world politics.气候变化对世界政局有着不容 忽视的影响。【近】appreciable,perceptible,sensible【反】inappreciable 微不足道的 ponderousponderous【考法 1】adj.沉重沉重的：of very great
2、weight【例】a ponderous machine 沉重的机器【近】cumbersome,heavy,hefty,massive,onerous,weighty【反】ethereal,gossamer,light,weightless 轻飘飘的【考法 2】adj.沉闷无聊的沉闷无聊的：oppressively or unpleasantly dull【例】a ponderous sermon no one really cares 实际上无人关心的沉闷无聊的布道【近】dreary,dull,flat,elephantine,monotonous,insipid,vapid【反】absor
3、bing,engaging,engrossing,gripping,interesting,intriguing,involving,riveting 极吸引人的 pontificatepontificate【考法 1】vi.傲慢地做或说傲慢地做或说：to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way【例】pontificate to show a sense of superiority 傲慢地说以显示高人一等的优越感【反】condescend 屈尊，俯就【派】pontification n.傲慢的言行；pontifical a
4、dj.傲慢的 porepore【考法 1】vi.仔细浏览，仔细研究：仔细浏览，仔细研究：to read or study attentively(usually used with over)【例】The committee will probably pore over the results of the study for a long time before making their decision.在正式做决定之前，委员会或需要花很长的时间来仔细研究调查结果。【近】cogitate,consider,contemplate,deliberate,meditate,perpend,r
5、uminate,study,weigh,chew over【反】flip,glance,leaf,riffle,skim 粗略地看，迅速浏览 porousporous【考法 1】adj.多孔可渗透多孔可渗透的：admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices【例】Lava rock has a porous structure which makes the material lightweight and highly moisture-retentive.火山岩的多孔结构使得它密度很小，同时有很高的吸湿性
6、【近】passable,penetrable,permeable,pervious【反】impassable,impenetrable,impermeable,impervious 无法穿透的【派】porosity n.多孔性 portentous【考法 1】adj.预兆性的，凶兆的预兆性的，凶兆的：being or showing a sign of evil or calamity to come【例】an eerie and portentous stillness 阴森神秘，充满凶兆的寂静【近】baleful,direful,doomy,foreboding,inauspicious,
7、menacing,minatory,ominous,sinister,ill-omened【反】auspicious,propitious 吉兆的【考法 2】adj.勾起兴趣的，令人遐想勾起兴趣的，令人遐想的：eliciting amazement or wonder【例】The way in which he could bring together opposing forces was truly portentous.他整合两股对抗势力 的方法着实令人好奇【近】amazing,astonishing,astounding,fabulous,marvelous,miraculous,pr
8、odigious,wonderful【反】common,commonplace,ordinary 普通的 poseur【考法 1】n.故作姿态、不真诚的人故作姿态、不真诚的人：an affected or insincere person【例】She is such a poseur and you will never know if she is really crying or pretending.她就是个爱装的人，你 从不知道她是真的在哭还是只是假装而已。【近】grandstander,poser posit【考法 1】vt.假定，断定：假定，断定：to assume or affi
9、rm the existence of【例】The committee posited that he was qualified for the election.委员会假定他是够格参加选举的。【近】assume,postulate,presuppose,premise,presume【反】falsify 证明为假 postulate【考法 1】n.前提条件前提条件：something taken as being true or factual and used as a starting point for a course of action or reasoning【例】One of
10、 the postulates that the true agnostic rejects is the assumption that it is even possible for us to know whether God exists.我们无法知道上帝是否存在这是一个真正的不可知论者所反对的假设【近】premise,presumption,presupposition,supposition【反】conclusion 结论【考法 2】v.假定为真假定为真：to assume or claim as true,existent,or necessary【例】postulate a c
11、ausal relationship 假定存在因果关系【近】assume,conjecture,hypothesize,posit,presuppose,premise,presume,suppose【反】belie,disprove,falsify 证明为假【派】postulation n.推测 posture【考法 1】n.姿势，姿态姿势，姿态：a general way of holding the body【例】A good upright posture will prevent backaches.良好的站姿可以预防背痛。【近】attitude,carriage,poise,sta
12、nce,station【考法 2】vi.故作姿态，装模作样故作姿态，装模作样：to assume an artificial or pretended attitude【例】postured to impress 故作姿态以给别人留下印象【近】attitudinize,feign,grandstand,masquerade,pose,pretend【派】posturer n.故作姿态之人 potable【考法 1】n.饮品，尤指有酒精饮料饮品，尤指有酒精饮料：a beverage,especially an alcoholic beverage【例】Potables are offered a
13、t bar counter for free.饮料可以在吧台免费领取【近】beverage,drink,juice,liquor,spirits【反】non-intoxicant,soft drink 软饮料【考法 2】adj.适于饮用的适于饮用的：suitable for drinking【例】Price of the potable water has soared.饮用水价格飙升【近】drinkable,edible【反】undrinkable 不能饮用的 potentate【考法 1】n.有权的人有权的人：one who has the power and position to ru
14、le over others【例】a son of a potentate 官二代【近】authority,autocrat,monarch,ruler,sovereign【反】figurehead（有名无权的）傀儡 potentiate【考法 1】vt.激活，加强：激活，加强：to make effective or active,or more effective or more active【例】additives to potentiate the drug 增强药效的添加剂【近】activate,energize,enhance,intensify,stir,wake,vitaliz
15、e【反】deactivate 使无效；abate,attenuate,dwindle,lessen,moderate,reduce 减弱，削弱 pout【考法 1】vi.（特别是撅嘴）表示不悦（特别是撅嘴）表示不悦：to show displeasure,especially by thrusting out the lips or wearing a sullen expression【例】She pouted and didnt say a word to anyone all morning.她整个早上都闷闷不乐，没和别人说一句话。【近】grump,mope,sulk【反】grin 露齿
16、而笑 practitioner【考法 1】n.职业人士职业人士：one who practices a profession【例】medical practitioner 医护人员，行医者【近】expert,expounder,guru,professional,specialist,virtuoso【反】fledgling 无经验的人；quack 冒充内行的人 prairie【考法 1】n.大草原大草原：an extensive area of flat or rolling,predominantly treeless grassland【例】Canadian Prairie 加拿大大草原
17、地区【近】grassland,meadow,plain,savanna prate【考法 1】vi.闲聊，空谈：闲聊，空谈：to talk long and idly【例】They have been prating on the phone for hours.他们已经煲了几个小时的电话粥了。【近】babble,chat,chatter,converse,gabble,jabber,prattle,twitter【派】prater n.闲聊的人 preach【考法 1】vi.传道，布道：传道，布道：to deliver a sermon【例】a minister who loves to p
18、reach 一个爱布道的牧师【近】discourse,sermonize【派】preacher n.布道者 precarious【考法 1】adj.危险不稳定的：危险不稳定的：dangerously lacking in security or stability【例】a precarious livelihood 不稳定的生计【近】delicate,fragile,sensitive,touchy,unstable【反】firm,stable 稳定的；safe,secure 安全的【考法 2】adj.可疑的，不明确的可疑的，不明确的：dependent on uncertain premis
19、es【例】His entire argument relies on a precarious assumption.他的整篇论证都建立在一个可疑的假设之上【近】ambiguous,doubtful,dubious,equivocal,uncertain,unfounded【反】indubitable,unambiguous,unequivocal,unquestionable 明确的，毋庸置疑的 precedent【考法 1】n.先例，前例先例，前例：an earlier occurrence of something similar【例】There has not been any pre
20、cedent so far.到目前为止还没有先例。a landmark decision that set a legal precedent 在法律上首开先河的重大决议【近】example,instance,model,paradigm,pattern,standard【考法 2】adj.先前的先前的：prior in time,order,arrangement,or significance【例】Her violent behaviors may be explained by some precedent events in her troubled life.她的暴力行径或 许可以由
21、她之前苦难生活中遭遇到的一些事件来解释。【近】antecedent,anterior,former,preceding,previous,prior【反】ensuing 继而发生的【派】unprecedented adj.前所未见的 precipice【考法 1】n.悬崖峭壁：悬崖峭壁：a very steep or overhanging place【例】a precipice too steep to climb 过于陡峭而无法攀爬的悬崖【近】bluff,cliff,crag,escarpment,palisade【反】ridge 山脊【派】precipitous adj.陡峭的 prec
22、ipitate【考法 1】adj.匆忙匆忙的：acting or done with excessive or careless speed【例】the armys precipitate withdrawal from the field of battle 匆忙将军队从战场上撤下【近】cursory,flying,headlong,hurried,overhasty,precipitous,rash,rushed【反】deliberate 慎重考虑的；leisurely,unhurried,unrushed 从容不迫的，不慌不忙的【考法 2】vt.促使，导致促使，导致：to cause t
23、o happen,especially suddenly or prematurely【例】to precipitate an international crisis 产生国际危机【近】accelerate,escalate,expedite,hasten,impel,speed,trigger【反】check,encumber,enfetter,hamper,handicap,hinder,manacle,obstruct,retard,trammel 阻碍【派】precipitation n.急促；沉淀；降水 precipitation【考法 1】n.沉积物，尤指降水沉积物，尤指降水：s
24、omething precipitated as a deposit on the earth of hail,mist,rain,sleet,or snow【例】The storm brought several inches of precipitation.风暴带来的降水量高达数英尺。【近】deposit,sediment【考法 2】n.仓促仓促：excited and often showy or disorderly speed【例】I fear that I may have acted with some precipitation on this matter,so I wou
25、ld like to reconsider.我害怕 自己在这个事情上考虑得太仓促了，因此我想再想想。【近】haste,hastiness,hustle,precipitousness,rush【反】deliberation 深思熟虑 precipitous【考法 1】adj.非常陡峭的非常陡峭的：very steep,perpendicular,or overhanging in rise or fall【例】a precipitous gorge 险峻的峡谷【近】abrupt,arduous,precipitate,sheer,steep【反】flat,level 平坦的【考法 2】adj.
26、匆忙的匆忙的：acting or done with excessive or careless speed【例】They soon regretted their precipitous actions in international affairs 他们很快就为他们在国际事务中的 匆忙举动感到后悔【近】cursory,flying,headlong,hurried,overhasty,precipitate,rash,rushed【反】deliberate 慎重考虑的；leisurely,unhurried,unrushed 从容不迫的，不慌不忙的 preclude【考法 1】vt.预先
27、阻止预先阻止：to make impossible,as by action taken in advance【例】Age alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate.年龄并没有阻止他成为候选人【近】avert,deter,forestall,obviate,prevent,stave off【考法 2】vt.排斥排斥：to exclude or prevent(someone)from a given condition or activity【例】He refused to preclude the subject fr
28、om discussion.他拒绝将这个话题排出讨论范围。【近】bar,exclude,except【反】enclose 圈入【派】preclusive adj.预先阻止的 precursor【考法 1】n.先驱者，先导先驱者，先导：one that precedes and indicates the approach of another【例】18th-century lyric poets like Robert Burns were precursors of the Romantics.十八世纪的抒情诗人（如罗 伯特彭斯）是浪漫主义的先驱【近】foregoer,forerunner,
29、harbinger,herald,outrider【反】sequela,successor 后继者；descendant 后代【派】precursory adj.先驱性的，开创性的 predecessor【考法 1】n.前任，先辈前任，先辈：a person who has previously occupied a position or office to which another has succeeded【例】a political legacy left by his predecessor 他的前任留下来的政治遗产【近】ancestor,antecedent,foregoer,f
30、orerunner,precursor【反】successor 继任者；descendant 后代 predilection【考法 1】n.爱好，偏袒：爱好，偏袒：a partiality or disposition in favor of something【例】a predilection for travel 热爱旅行【近】affection,affinity,bias,disposition,inclination,leaning,penchant,predisposition,propensity,tendency【反】aversion,loathing,nausea,repugn
31、ance,repulsion,revulsion 反感 preeminent【考法 1】adj.优秀的，重要优秀的，重要的：having paramount rank,dignity,or importance【例】The writers style is brilliant and his command of words,preeminent.作者的文风和用词都十分出色【近】distinguished,illustrious,incomparable,notable,outstanding,peerless,superb,supreme,unmatchable【反】negligible,t
32、rivial 不重要的【派】preeminence n.杰出 preempt【考法 1】vt.预先占有：预先占有：to appropriate,seize,or take for oneself before others【例】The naughty children had preempted front-row seats that were reserved for the guests of honor.调皮的 孩子们把前排留给贵客的座位占了【近】appropriate,arrogate,commandeer,convert,expropriate,preempt,press,seiz
33、e,usurp【考法 2】v.替换替换：to replace with something considered to be of greater value or priority:take precedence over【例】The special newscast preempted the usual television program.特别新闻取代了常规节目。【近】displace,replace,supersede,supplant【派】preemptive adj.先发制人的 preen【考法 1】vt.整理（羽毛整理（羽毛）：to smooth or clean(feathe
34、rs)with the beak or bill【近】plume【反】rumple 弄皱【考法 2】vt.打扮修饰打扮修饰：to dress or groom(oneself)with elaborate care【例】She always preen herself in an elaborate suit before going to the opera.她去听歌剧之前总要精心打扮 一番，穿上最豪华的服装【近】groom,plume,primp【考法 3】vt.自满自满：to take pride or satisfaction in(oneself)【例】He always preen
35、 himself on his ancestry.他总是因为他的血统而洋洋得意【近】gloat,plume,pride【反】efface 表现出谦卑 preface【考法 1】n.序言序言：a preliminary statement or essay introducing a book that explains its scope,intention,or background and is usually written by the author【例】An informal brunch served as a preface to the three-day conference
36、.一顿非正式的便餐作为为期三天的 会议的序曲。【近】exordium,foreword,introduction,overture,preamble,prelude,prologue【反】epilogue 尾声【派】prefatory adj.序言的 pregnant【考法 1】adj.重要的，意味深长重要的，意味深长的：weighty or significant;full of meaning【例】the pregnant phrases of the Bible 圣经中充满哲理的话语【近】eloquent,meaningful,momentous,profound,revelatory,
37、significant,suggestive【反】inane 空洞的【考法 2】adj.怀孕怀孕的：containing a developing embryo,fetus,or unborn offspring within the body【例】Being pregnant represents great news,but it comes with a lot of responsibilities.怀孕是件大好事，但是 它也带来了许多的责任。【近】enceinte,expectant,expecting,gravid【派】pregnancy n.怀孕 premeditate【考法 1
38、】vi.预先考虑预先考虑：to think,consider,or deliberate beforehand【例】carefully premeditating each step of his plan 细致谋略他计划的每一步【近】deliberate,prearrange,prepare,preplan【反】disregard,ignore,neglect,omit,overlook 忽视【派】premeditation n.谋略，事先考虑 preoccupation【考法 1】n.非常关心，全神贯注非常关心，全神贯注：extreme or excessive concern with
39、something【例】He kept sinking back into gloomy preoccupation.他陷入了深深的忧虑之中。【近】absorption,engagement,engrossment,immersion【反】apathy,indifference,nonchalance,unconcern 漠不关心【派】preoccupied adj.全神贯注的 preponderant【考法 1】adj.占优势的，更重要的：占优势的，更重要的：having superior weight,force,importance,or influence【例】a prepondera
40、nt misconception 一个影响甚广的错误概念【近】dominant,paramount,predominant,prevalent,overruling【反】secondary,subsidiary 次要的【派】preponderance n.优势地位 prepossessing【考法 1】adj.给人好感的给人好感的：serving to impress favorably【例】He was fascinated by her prepossessing appearance at first sight.他第一眼就被她迷人的外表吸引了。【近】alluring,attractiv
41、e,appealing,captivating,charming,enchanting,pleasing,riveting【反】abhorrent,appalling,disgusting,hideous,loathsome,repellent,repulsive 令人反感的【派】unprepossessing adj.不吸引人的 preposterous【考法 1】adj.荒谬的，不符合常理的荒谬的，不符合常理的：contrary to nature,reason,or common sense【例】a preposterous conclusion of quantum mechanics
42、 量子力学里有悖于常理的结论【近】absurd,asinine,fallacious,fatuous,lunatic,ludicrous,insane,irrational,unreasonable【反】commonsensical 常识性的；reasonable,sensible 有道理的 presage【考法 1】n.征兆征兆：something believed to be a sign or warning of a future event【例】The sight of the first robin is always a welcome presage of spring.第一只
43、知更鸟的出现总是迎接春天 到来的象征【近】augury,auspice,boding,foreboding,foreshadowing,portent,prefiguring【考法 2】vt.预示，预言预示，预言：to foretell or predict【例】The incident may presage war.这个事件可能是战争的征兆【近】adumbrate,augur,forecast,foretell,portend,predict,prognosticate,prophesy prescience【考法 1】n.预知，先见预知，先见：knowledge of actions o
44、r events before they occur【例】Most believers would probably agree that complete prescience is one of Gods attributes.所有的信徒 大概都会同意上帝能够预见未来【近】foresight,forethought,providence【反】improvidence,myopia,shortsightedness 目光短浅 prescription【考法 1】n.规定，传统的规矩：规定，传统的规矩：something prescribed as a rule;especially an i
45、nherited or established way of thinking,feeling,or doing【近】convention,custom,decree,law,regulation,rule【派】prescribe v.开药方；设立规定 preservative【考法 1】n.防腐剂：防腐剂：an additive used to protect against decay,discoloration,or spoilage【例】containing no chemical preservative 不含化学防腐剂【派】preserve v.保存 prestige【考法 1】n
46、.声望，威望声望，威望：the level of respect at which one is regarded by others【例】The prestige of the university has been irrevocably impaired by the plagiarism scandal.这所大学的声望 已经因剽窃丑闻而受到了不可挽回的损失【近】credit,fame,influence,reputation【反】infamy 坏名声【派】prestigious adj.有名望的 presumptuous【考法 1】adj.放肆的，冒昧放肆的，冒昧的：overstepp
47、ing due bounds(as of propriety or courtesy)【例】Under such a circumstance his demand for attention was utterly presumptuous.在那种情况下他要求 被关注是极其冒昧的【近】audacious,bold,brash,impertinent,impudent,insolent,pompous,presuming【反】courteous,decorous,genteel,gracious,urbane 举止得体的，有礼貌的【考法 2】adj.傲慢的：傲慢的：having a feeli
48、ng of superiority that shows itself in an overbearing attitude【例】The presumptuous doctor didnt even bother to explain to me the treatment that I would be receiving.傲 慢的医生连给我说明我会接受何种治疗的耐性都没有。【近】assumptive,bumptious,cavalier,haughty,imperious,lofty,overweening,peremptory,supercilious【反】humble,modest 谦
49、卑的 pretense【考法 1】n.虚假，伪装虚假，伪装：the act of pretending;a false appearance or action intended to deceive【例】There is too much pretense in his piety.他的虔诚大多都是伪装【近】affectation,camouflage,deceit,disguise,imposture,mask,masquerade【反】sincerity 真诚【考法 2】n.自大，优越感自大，优越感：an exaggerated sense of ones importance that
50、 shows itself in the making of excessive or unjustified claims【近】assumption,hauteur,imperiousness,loftiness,lordliness,pomposity,superciliousness,superiority【反】humility,modesty 谦逊 preternatural【考法 1】adj.超乎寻常的超乎寻常的：surpassing the normal or usual【例】They exhibited preternatural courage in face of dange
