1、 - 1 - Unit 2Unit 2 The United KingdomThe United Kingdom .阅读理解 A A 2020桂林市、崇左市联合模拟考试The world is a greener place than it was 20 years ago. A study published in the journal Nature Sustainability said that recent satellite data reveals a greening pattern that is prominent (显著的) in China and India. The
2、 study shows that human activity in China and India dominates this greening of the planet, thanks to tree planting and agriculture. The effect comes mostly from ambitious treeplanting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries. “China and India account for onethird of the greening
3、，” said lead author Chi Chen of Boston University. “That is a surprising finding, considering the vague idea of land degradation (毁坏) in populous countries from overexploitation，” added Chen. China alone accounts for 25 percent of the global net increase in leaf area with only 6.6 percent of global
4、vegetated area. The greening in China is from forests (42 percent) and croplands(32 percent), but in India, it is mostly from croplands (82 percent) with the minor contribution from forests (4.4 percent) Chinas outsized contribution to the global greening trend comes in large part from its programs
5、to conserve and expand forests with the goal of preventing land degradation, air pollution, and climate change. “Once people realize there is a problem, they tend to fix it，” said Rama Nemani, research scientist and coauthor of the study. “In the 1970s and 80s in India and China, the situation aroun
6、d vegetation loss was not good. In the 1990s, people realized it, and today things have improved. Now we see that humans are contributing.” Land area used to grow crops is comparable in China and India more than 770,000 square miles and has not changed much since the early 2000s. Yet these regions h
7、ave greatly increased both their annual total green leaf area and their food production. This was achieved through multiple cropping practices, where a field is replanted to produce another harvest several times a year. Production of grains, vegetables, fruits and more has increased by about 35%40%
8、since 2 000 to feed their large - 2 - populations. 1What did the study mainly find? AIndia and China are leading the global greening effort. BIntensive agriculture is the cause of global land degradation. CChina and India has got the largest forest coverage in the world. DAgriculture is more helpful
9、 in expanding green areas than treeplanting. 2How is China different from India in contributing to the global greening? AIndia reduced croplands to prevent the overexploitation. BIndia increased forest by planting around croplands. CChina changed more lands into forest by planting trees. DChina cont
10、rolled the increase of its population. 3What does Nemani think about humans in China and India in protecting the Earth? AAmbitious. BResponsible. CPassionate. DTolerant. 4What does the passage finally suggest humans should make good use of? AForest. BTrees. CCroplands. DFood. B B 2020山西六校第二次阶段性测试In
11、2013, Gabby Frost founded Buddy Project when she was 15. At that time, her best friend had been diagnosed (诊断) with a mental health condition, and that was the first time she was made aware of what mental illness was. She wanted to learn more and develop a good support system for her. Mental illness
12、 affects tens of millions of people in the United States each year, yet only half receive treatment, according to the National Institutes of Mental Health. Buddy Projects website says the service is not a substitute for therapy (治疗) or other types of mental health care, and it directs people to reso
13、urces for further help. Since founding the organization as a high school student, Frost has helped more than 200,000 participants find a new friend. On the day when Buddy Project was launched, she used her powerful social media presence to attract nearly 3,000 participants. “This was around the time
14、 when teens really began talking about mental health and found a supportive community online to talk about it，” she said. One of the biggest social barriers she had to jump over was that people didnt view her seriously because she was a 15yearold girl, and even now, shes still a - 3 - young woman. “
15、Sometimes its frustrating because people dont think what I do is needed or they dont think Im professional，” she said. “Most people are blown away that a 20yearold girl is running this and that its one person doing this but not a whole team. Im just lucky that Ive found a support system that has bee
16、n able to help my mom and me with the project.” 5Why did Gabby Frost set up Buddy Project? ATo treat her mental disease. BTo know what causes mental illness. CTo help her friend to fight the mental disease. DTo cure those with mental disease. 6What can we infer from paragraph 2? AAmericans pay littl
17、e attention to mental health. BMany Americans have trouble with mental health. CBuddy Project provides financial aid for patients. DBuddy Project can cure those with mental disease. 7What problem did Frost face? AShe couldnt get support from her mother. BShe couldnt help so many patients at a time.
18、CShe wasnt able to attract enough participants. DShe wasnt thought well of because of her age. 8How do most people feel about young Frosts running the project alone? ACompletely defeated. BTotally convinced. CStrongly impressed. DFully satisfied. .七选五 2020成都诊断Society tells us that you cant teach an
19、old dog new tricks. But it doesnt have to be that way. A new study published in Human Development points out that using a proper approach to learning can help people of any age take on and rise to new challenges. _1_ Venture outside your comfort zone. As adults, we tend to use similar skills day in
20、and day out: We take jobs in fields were already good at, drive the same routes to the same places, and fall into routines were comfortable with. _2_ Switching to something more challenging may have more cognitive benefits. _3_ A fear of making mistakes is another reason adults are so slow to learn
21、new things; if we try and fail, we can face criticism, lose money, or get fired. Thats - 4 - why its important to build up a support network of people at work and at home who allow you to make mistakes and learn from them. Make a serious commitment and dont give up. _4_ If you can afford it, spendin
22、g money on a new pursuit for example, booking a trip to Rome to practice your Italian might also make it harder to throw in the towel. Learn more than one thing at once. We tend to zero in on one hobby or one skill. But dividing that time and energy into three or four areas will stretch your brain i
23、n all different directions. _5_ For example, maybe you started learning a new language in 2018, and this year you add singing lessons, and next year you try something else. You can add things gradually based on what you can handle. ATurn to your friends and family. BThe following strategies will do
24、the trick. CSurround yourself with encouraging people. DTelling friends about your new goal can help keep you motivated. EBut all this familiarity limits the parts of the brain were using regularly. FThat doesnt mean you should start all the new challenges all at once, though. GSo feeling comfortabl
25、e can reduce stress and make you happier and more productive. .语法填空 2020潍坊市统一考试There is a saying that goes, “All roads lead to Rome.” Roads were essential for the 1._ (grow) of the Roman Empire. These roads enabled the Romans to move armies 2._ (efficient). At its peak, the Roman road system 3._ (co
26、ver) 53,000 miles and contained about 372 links. The Romans were good at constructing these roads, 4._ were called viae (路) Prepared viae began in history as the streets of Rome. The Law of the Twelve Tables (十二铜表法), 5._ (date) back to approximately 450 BC., explains that a road shall be 8 feet wide
27、 where straight and 16 feet where curved. According to the Tables, Romans are commanded 6._ (build) roads that would not need frequent repair. The Romans had 7._ preference for standardization whenever they could. A golden milestone was set up. 8._ this milestone were listed all of the cities in the
28、 empire and the distances to them. Roman roads 9._ (consider) very important in maintaining both the stability and the expansion of the empire at that time. Even after over 1,000 years, - 5 - these roads are still used. During the fall of the Roman Empire, the same roads offered 10._ (avenue) of inv
29、asion to the foreigners. This contributed to the Roman military ruin. 课时作业课时作业( (二十二二十二) ) .阅读理解 A A 体裁：说明文 题材：社会生活 主题：中国和印度对“绿色地球”的贡献 【语篇解读】 研究发现，由于中国的植树造林计划和中印两国的集约农业，地球与二 十年前相比更加翠绿了。 【难句分析】 A study published in the journal Nature Sustainability said that recent satellite data reveals a greening p
30、attern that is prominent(显著的)in China and India.(Para.1) 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中 published in the journal Nature Sustainability 为过去分词短语作名词 A study 的后置定语； that recent satellite data reveals a greening pattern that is prominent(显著的) in China and India 为 that 引导的宾语从句，作及物 动词 said 的宾语，其中“that is prominent(显著的)in
31、China and India”为 that 引导的 定语从句，修饰先行词 a greening pattern，关系词在从句中作主语。 译文：发表在自然可持续发展杂志上的一项研究称，最近的卫星数据显示，中国 和印度的绿化模式非常显著。 1A 考查细节理解。根据第一段第三句“The study shows that human activity in China and India dominates this greening of the planet, thanks to tree planting and agriculture”可知，由于植树造林和集约农业，中国和印度正主导着地球绿化
32、的进程，故 A 项正确。 2C 考查细节理解。根据第一段尾句“The effect comes mostly from ambitious treeplanting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries”并结 合第三段中的数据可知，地球绿化主要来自中国的植树计划和中印两国的集约农业。据此可 知，中国与印度在绿化地球方面的不同之处是中国的植树造林计划，故 C 项正确。 3B 考查推理判断。根据第五段中 Rama Nemani 说的话可知，Rama Nemani 认为，二 十世纪七八十年代，印度和中国的植被流失情
33、况严重；二十世纪九十年代，人们意识到了这 一点并努力改善；现在他们正在作贡献。据此可推知，Rama Nemani 认为在保护地球方面，中 国和印度的人们是负责的，故 B 项正确。 4 C 考查推理判断。 根据尾段第一句“This was achieved through multiple cropping - 6 - practices, where a field is replanted to produce another harvest several times a year” 可知，产量提高是通过复种来实现的，在复种过程中，一块土地每年会被重新种植几次，这 样在增加绿化面积的情况下
34、也提高了产量。据此可推知，文章建议充分利用农田，故 C 项正 确。 B B 体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历 主题：Buddy Project 【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文，讲述了 Cabby Frost 在 15 岁的时候为了帮助自己的朋 友战胜心理疾病而成立了 Buddy Project。Buddy Project 帮助了很多有心理健康问题的人。 尽管遇到了很多的困难，但她仍坚持不懈。 【难句分析】 One of the biggest social barriers she had to jump over was that people didnt view her seriously be
35、cause she was a 15yearold girl, and even now, shes still a young woman. 分析： 本句包含了一个定语从句she had to jump over， 一个表语从句that people didnt view her seriously 和一个原因状语从句 because she was a 15yearold girl。 译文：她必须跨越的最大的社会障碍之一是，因为她是一个 15 岁的女孩，人们不把她 当回事，即使现在，她仍然是一位年轻的女性。 5C 考查细节理解。由第一段中的“She wanted to learn more
36、 and develop a good support system for her”及第二段中的“Buddy Projects website says the service is not a substitute for therapy (治疗) or other types of mental health care, and it directs people to resources for further help”可知，她是为了帮助朋友与心理疾病抗争才成立 了 Buddy Project。故答案为 C。 6B 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第一句中的“Mental illness
37、 affects tens of millions of people in the United States each year”可知，在美国，很多人都有心理健 康方面的问题，故答案为 B。 7D 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“One of the biggest social barriers she had to jump over was that people didnt view her seriously because she was a 15yearold girl, and even now, shes still a young woman”和“people dont
38、 think what I do is needed . professional”可知，她面临的一个问题是人们因为她的年龄而不把她当回事儿， 认为她不专业，故答案为 D。 8C 考查观点态度。根据题干可知，本题解题依据是文章最后一段中的“Most people are blown away that a 20yearold girl is running this and that its one person doing this but not a whole team. Im just lucky that Ive found a support system that has bee
39、n able to help my mom and me with the project”，而理解 are blown away 就可以解 题。根据语境可知，大多数人对一个 20 岁的女孩独自(而不是靠一个团队)运营这个项目这一 - 7 - 事实应感到惊讶、钦佩或印象深刻，故 C 项最能体现大多数人的心理。 .七选五 体裁：说明文 题材：社会生活 主题：如何迎接新的挑战 【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了几个迎接新的挑战的策略。 1B 文章第二至第五段分别给出了迎接挑战的策略。由此可知，该空承上启下，故选 B。 2E 根据空前一句可知，我们倾向于日复一日地用相似的技能：从事我们擅长的领域 的工作，
40、开车走相同的路线，去相同的地方，做我们觉得舒服的事；结合空后的“Switching to something more challenging”可推知，这种熟悉限制了我们正在经常使用的大脑的部分。 故选 E。 3C 空处为本段的主题句，通读本段可知，本段讲述的是寻找支持你的人的重要性， 故 C 项符合语境。 4D 根据该空前一句可知，做出一个严肃的承诺并且不放弃；由此可推知，空处应是 表明向谁承诺以及承诺做出后的作用。故 D 项符合语境。 5F 根据本段首句可知，一次可以多学点东西；空后一句是说，比如，你可能在 2018 年开始学一门新的语言， 今年你添加了歌唱课， 下一年你尝试其他的东西；
41、由此可知， F 项“但 是这并不意味着你应该一次性开始所有新的挑战”符合语境。 .语法填空 体裁：说明文 题材：历史文化 主题：罗马帝国的陆路系统 【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了罗马帝国的陆路系统。 1growth 考查词形转换。与该句中的定冠词“the”和“of”呼应可知，此处应用其 名词形式，即 growth。 2 efficiently 考查副词。 修饰动词应用副词， 故用副词 efficiently 修饰动词 move。 3covered 考查动词的时态。与语境中的“contained”呼应可知，此处指的是发生 在过去的事情，故用一般过去时，即 covered。 4which 考查定语从
42、句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中 作主语，修饰表示物的先行词 these roads，故用 which。 5dating 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词短语 date back to 和句子主语 The Law of the Twelve Tables 是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用 date 的现在分词形式 dating。 6to build 考查非谓语动词。根据固定用法 command sb. to do sth.“命令某人做 某事”，此处应用不定式作宾语补足语。 7a 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处“preference”意为“偏爱”，可作可数名词， 其前无限定词修饰，且其发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词 a。 8On 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“在石碑上”，故用介词 On。本句是一个 - 8 - 倒装句，即介词短语置于句首时，句子全部倒装。 9were considered 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，consider 和句子主 语 Roman roads 构成被动关系，且与时间状语“at that time”呼应可知，此处应用一般过 去时的被动语态，即 were considered。 10avenues 考查名词的单复数。avenue 是可数名词，且其前没有限定词修饰，故用 其复数形式。
