1、 我们现在坚持什么？坚持心中的目标坚持心中的目标坚持不懈的努力坚持不懈的努力坚持持久的计划坚持持久的计划坚持良好的习惯坚持良好的习惯坚持永不熄灭的热情坚持永不熄灭的热情坚持平静自己的心态坚持平静自己的心态坚持上好每节课坚持上好每节课坚持认真完成每一份作业坚持认真完成每一份作业坚持利用好每一分钟坚持利用好每一分钟坚持到第二节晚修的最后一秒钟坚持到第二节晚修的最后一秒钟首先让我们寻找自己的首先让我们寻找自己的优点优点 和和 缺点：缺点：“尺有所短，寸有所长尺有所短，寸有所长”。其实每个人其实每个人都有自己的优势和长处。都有自己的优势和长处。“天生我材天生我材必有用必有用”我们要学会欣赏自己，学会我
2、们要学会欣赏自己，学会暗示自己：暗示自己：我可以，我能行我可以，我能行。不是因不是因为有些事情难以做到，我们才失去自为有些事情难以做到，我们才失去自信；而是因为我们失去了自信，有些信；而是因为我们失去了自信，有些事情才显得难以做到。事情才显得难以做到。要想更好的了解自己，要想更好的了解自己，最好问问别人。最好问问别人。学习时的一些现象总结学习时的一些现象总结:（1）作业不会做，把别人的作业或参考书上）作业不会做，把别人的作业或参考书上的答案不加思索地搬到作业本上以便交差；的答案不加思索地搬到作业本上以便交差；（点评：掩耳盗铃的做法，自欺欺人）（点评：掩耳盗铃的做法，自欺欺人）（2）老师，我不会
3、做，但我不想欺骗你，所）老师，我不会做，但我不想欺骗你，所以我不交作业；以我不交作业；（点评：诚实的孩子，遇到问题为什么不想办（点评：诚实的孩子，遇到问题为什么不想办法解决，而让自己的包袱越来越沉重呢？）法解决，而让自己的包袱越来越沉重呢？）这两种都属于遇到问题这两种都属于遇到问题逃避问题逃避问题，缺乏知难而，缺乏知难而进的精神。进的精神。（3）自习课以讨论问题开始，闲聊告终。）自习课以讨论问题开始，闲聊告终。（点评：（点评：自制能力差，受不了诱惑自制能力差，受不了诱惑）学习时的一些现象总结学习时的一些现象总结:不少同学喜欢转笔。不少同学喜欢转笔。在班级吃东西在班级吃东西,随意扔随意扔,随意吐
4、。随意吐。上课有少数同学瞌睡、喝水、讲话。上课有少数同学瞌睡、喝水、讲话。值日不认真，不及时。值日不认真，不及时。有少数同学时间抓得不紧，以上课铃有少数同学时间抓得不紧，以上课铃声响来看自己是否该学习了，有少数声响来看自己是否该学习了，有少数同学经常有同学经常有迟到迟到现象。现象。总评：（没有长远的目光，对自己的人总评：（没有长远的目光，对自己的人生没有计划性）生没有计划性）（点评：习惯差，随意挥霍时间）（点评：习惯差，随意挥霍时间）改变自己改变自己1、坏习惯会让自己自食恶果。、坏习惯会让自己自食恶果。故事一：故事一：有个年轻人向理发师学理发，师父要有个年轻人向理发师学理发，师父要徒弟先拿冬瓜
5、进行练习，用剃刀把冬瓜上的一徒弟先拿冬瓜进行练习，用剃刀把冬瓜上的一层薄薄的毛剃干净但不能损坏冬瓜皮。徒弟每层薄薄的毛剃干净但不能损坏冬瓜皮。徒弟每次都很细心地把这层毛剃得干干净净而且冬瓜次都很细心地把这层毛剃得干干净净而且冬瓜皮完好无损。但是，他每次剃完之后都会顺手皮完好无损。但是，他每次剃完之后都会顺手把剃刀插在冬瓜上。师父要徒弟改掉这个坏习把剃刀插在冬瓜上。师父要徒弟改掉这个坏习惯，但徒弟总是说：惯，但徒弟总是说：“没事的，我以后为顾客没事的，我以后为顾客理发时绝对不会这样做。理发时绝对不会这样做。”结果，当徒弟为第结果，当徒弟为第一个顾客理完发时，顺手就把剃刀往顾客头上一个顾客理完发时
6、，顺手就把剃刀往顾客头上一插。一插。启示：我们一定要趁早改变坏习惯。启示：我们一定要趁早改变坏习惯。2.态度决定你的成败态度决定你的成败 有一次我去应聘一个会计职位。由于有相关工有一次我去应聘一个会计职位。由于有相关工作经历和较高的职称，我的竞争对手们纷纷落马，作经历和较高的职称，我的竞争对手们纷纷落马，剩下一个其貌不扬的人与我去迎接最后的面试。剩下一个其貌不扬的人与我去迎接最后的面试。那个单位的会计主管接待了我们，他拿出一堆那个单位的会计主管接待了我们，他拿出一堆账本，要我们统计一下某个项目的年度收支情况。账本，要我们统计一下某个项目的年度收支情况。约一个小时左右，我完成任务了。约一个小时左
7、右，我完成任务了。10分钟后，竞争分钟后，竞争对手也收工了。会计主管叫我们在一旁等待。然后对手也收工了。会计主管叫我们在一旁等待。然后拿着我们的拿着我们的“试卷试卷”去老总办公室。去老总办公室。结果令我吃惊和恼火：我落聘了结果令我吃惊和恼火：我落聘了!“为什么为什么?”会会计主管回答：计主管回答：“你没有做月末统计，而他不但做了，你没有做月末统计，而他不但做了，还做了季度统计。还做了季度统计。”我问：我问：“不是要年度统计吗不是要年度统计吗?”主主管笑道；管笑道；“是啊，但年度统计数据应该从每月合计是啊，但年度统计数据应该从每月合计中得到，这不算什么会计学问，但反映了做会计的中得到，这不算什么
8、会计学问，但反映了做会计的严谨态度。也许你们能力相当，所以，我们最后要严谨态度。也许你们能力相当，所以，我们最后要看的就是各人的态度了。看的就是各人的态度了。”小结：要让事情改变，先改变自己；小结：要让事情改变，先改变自己；要让事情变得更好，先让自己变得更要让事情变得更好，先让自己变得更好。如果你的成绩提不高，你不去改好。如果你的成绩提不高，你不去改变学习方法和学习态度，即使换了班变学习方法和学习态度，即使换了班级换了老师也没用。只要你一改变，级换了老师也没用。只要你一改变，生活也会随之变动。美国成功哲学家生活也会随之变动。美国成功哲学家金金洛恩说过这么一句话：洛恩说过这么一句话：“成功不是成
9、功不是追求得来的，而是被改变后的自己主追求得来的，而是被改变后的自己主动吸引而来的。动吸引而来的。”改变习惯是需要一个过程的，所以要坚持坚持。习惯形成的三个阶段：行为心理学研究表明：行为心理学研究表明：21天以上的重复天以上的重复会形成习惯；会形成习惯；90天的重复会形成稳定的习天的重复会形成稳定的习惯。即同一个动作，重复惯。即同一个动作，重复21天就会变成习天就会变成习惯性的动作；同样道理，任何一个想法，惯性的动作；同样道理，任何一个想法，重复重复21天，或者重复验证天，或者重复验证21次，就会变成次，就会变成习惯性想法。习惯性想法。所以，一个观念如果被别人或者自己所以，一个观念如果被别人或
10、者自己验证了验证了21次以上，它一定已经变成了你的次以上，它一定已经变成了你的信念。信念。小小 结：结：无论是什么做法，贵在坚持无论是什么做法，贵在坚持。只要只要坚持你就可以成功。坚持你就可以成功。学习的十大品质第一品质：冲天的自信！自信是成功的基石，是成功的第一步。要想成功，首先就要对自己有自信。要想成功，首先就要对自己有自信。You must be confident!你一定要自信！第二品质：热爱丢脸！自信的人是不怕丢脸的！而且没有机会丢脸还要创造机会丢脸！现在丢脸，正是为了将来不丢或少丢脸！面子根本不值钱！不要管旁人的眼光，旁人的嘲笑！You must enjoy losing face
11、!你一定要热爱丢脸！第三品质：勤奋苦练！所有的技能都一样，所谓“拳不离手，曲不离口”，领奖台上的冠军、讲台上的歌星，无一不是每天勤奋苦练，才有台上的辉煌！只有每天苦练，才能练就真功夫！You must practice hard!Very hard!你一定要刻苦操练！第四品质：要有耐心！学习任何东西都要花费时间和精力，只要你坚持，就一定会有成绩！“宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来。”如果没有耐心，有一点点困难就退缩，碰到一点点挫折就气馁，练了几天看不到进步就放弃，这样是绝对不会成功的。You must be patient!你一定要有耐心！第五品质：要如痴如醉！任何事情，如果你不是全身心投入，如
12、果你不是发自内心的热爱，都是不好的！只有百分之百地投入，如痴如醉地学与练，只有百分之百地投入，如痴如醉地学与练，你才能真正成功！你才能真正成功！You must be 100 percent devoted!你一定要全情投入！第六品质：知难而上！要培养一种性格：越难越有信心，越难越要征服！这样的人生才有意义！凡事必先难后易。只要你不怕困难，知难而上，总有一天，学习会成为小菜一碟！你一定要面对挑战、征服困难！You must meet the challenges and conquer the difficulties.第七品质：不达目的誓不罢休！要成功，就一定要有明确的目标。有了目标，就要看
13、准目标去行动。努力，努力，再努力，不达目的誓不休！你一定要达成目标！You must reach the goal!第八品质：助人为乐！帮助任何想学习的人！其实，帮助别人的同时，你真正锻炼和提高了自己！教会了别人，帮助别人取得了进步，自己的学习也同时得到了巩固。利人利己，何乐而不为呢？你一定要帮助别人！You must be helpful!第九品质：永远乐观！征服学习途中的困难没有什么大不了的！去读一读所有成功者的故事，你的困难和他们比起来，简直不值得一提!你一定要乐观！要积极！You must be optimistic and think positively!第十品质：坚持不懈！坚持是
14、一个可怕的东西！只要你坚持不懈，任何困难和障碍都可以征服！每天进步一点点，每天收获一点点，坚持下去，你的进步就是巨大的、惊人的。坚持不懈就是成功的真正秘诀！你必须坚持到底！You must stick to it!坚持创造奇迹 别人不理解的时候坚持；别人不理解的时候坚持；一般人绝对做不到！一般人绝对做不到！别人讥讽的时候坚持；别人讥讽的时候坚持；一般人绝对做不到！一般人绝对做不到！很多人反对的时候坚持；很多人反对的时候坚持；一般人绝对做不到！一般人绝对做不到！身处逆境的时候坚持；身处逆境的时候坚持；别人放弃的时候坚持；别人放弃的时候坚持；绝望的时候坚持；绝望的时候坚持；实在坚持不住的时候，再咬
15、牙坚持一会儿；实在坚持不住的时候，再咬牙坚持一会儿；这些一般人都做不到！这些一般人都做不到！天寒地冻的时候坚持；天寒地冻的时候坚持；孤独无助的时候坚持！孤独无助的时候坚持！坚持，坚持，再坚持；坚持，坚持，再坚持；突然，你会发现：突然，你会发现：你成了那个领域的顶尖人物！你成了那个领域的顶尖人物！你成为了英雄！你成为了英雄！你成为了自已命运的主人！你成为了自已命运的主人！你成为了你成为了“自己都不敢相信自己都不敢相信”的奇迹！的奇迹！这就是成功的秘诀这就是成功的秘诀!It is impossible to defeat a person who never gives up!打败一个永不放弃打败
16、一个永不放弃的人是不可能的！的人是不可能的！Bruce Catton A United States journalist and writer,he was one of Americas most popular Civil War historians.Catton worked as a newspaperman and also held a position at the U.S.Department of Commerce in 1948.Hes best-selling book,A Stillness at Appomattox,earned him a Pulitzer P
17、rize and National Book Award in 1954.Before his death in 1978,Catton wrote a total of ten books detailing the Civil War,including his last,Grant Takes Command.Bruce Cattons works Mr.Lincolns Army.Glory Road.A Stillness at Appomattox.The War Lords of Washington.Grant Takes Command.Waiting for the Mor
18、ning Train.1860s Mclean Houses view The place where General Lee surrendered to General Grant,the surrender marked the virtual end of the U.S.Civil War.Ulysses S.Grant(4,1822-7,1885)He was an American general and politician who was elected as the 18th President of the United States(18691877).He achie
19、ved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.He has been described by J.F.C.Fuller as the greatest general of his age and one of the greatest strategists of any age.Robert E.Lee(1807-1870)He was a career United States Army officer,an engineer,and among the most celeb
20、rated generals in American history.A top graduate of West Point,Lee distinguished himself as an exceptional soldier in the U.S.Army for thirty-two years.He is best known for commanding the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War.Lees greatest victories were the Seven Days Bat
21、tles,the Second Battle of Bull Run,but his campaign to invade the North ended in failure.virtual(line 5)almost or very nearly the thing described,so that any slight difference is not important 很接近的，实际上的 eg:The country was sliding into a state of virtual civil war.这个国家实际上正进入内战状态.模拟的，虚拟的 eg:New techno
22、logy has enabled development of an online virtual library.embody(line17)to express or represent an idea or a quality 具体体现，代表 eg:Jack Kennedy embodied all the hopes of the 1960s.to include or contain sth 包括，收录 eg:The proposal has embodied in a draft resolution.这项提议已经被包含在一份决议草案中。key(line23)to make sb/
23、sth suitable or appropriate for a particular purpose 使.适合于.key sb/sth to sth eg:The classes are keyed to the needs of advanced students.这些课是针对高年级学生的需要开设的。deportmeent (line28)the way you behave,especially the way you walk and move 风度，行为，举止 eg:She learnt good deportment when she was quite young.她很小时学过
24、举止行动的规矩。sanctify(line38)to make sth holy 使神圣化 to sanctify ones soul to make sth seem right or legal,使正当化to give official approval to sth 批准，认可 eg:She is trying to make amends for her marriage not being sanctified.她试图对她未被教会批准的婚姻加以修正。surge (line46)v.to move quickly and with force in a particular direc
25、tion 汹涌，涌动 eg:The gates opened and the crowed surged forward.打开了，人群向前涌去。a suddenly increase in value 飞涨，激增 eg:Share prices surged.n.a sudden increase of a strong feeling 突发 eg:She felt a sudden surge of anger.她突然感觉怒火中烧。groove(line48)a long narrow cut in the surface of sth hard沟，槽，纹 eg:The cupboard d
26、oor slides open along the groove.食橱的们沿着槽移开。be in a groove 墨守陈规 in the groove 处于最佳状态stake (line60)investment 股份,资助 重大利益，重大利害关系 eg:Many young people no longer feel they have a stake in society.很多年轻人不再觉得他们与社会休戚相关。at stake 成败难料，有风险 eg:We cannot afford to take risk when peoples lives are at stake.现在任命交关，
27、不容我们有所闪失。in the.stake 要是比.的话，论.eg:John doesnt do to well in the personality stakes.论人格魅力，约翰很一般。以.打赌，拿.冒险 eg:She staked her political career on tax reform,and lost.她把自己的政治前程押在税制改革上，结果赌输了。combat (line72)fighting or a fight,especially during a time of war 搏斗，战斗，打仗 eg:Yesterday saw hand-to-hand combat i
28、n the city.昨天那座城里发生了肉搏战。to stop sth unpleasant or harmful from happening or getting worse 防止，减轻 eg:Congress has criticized new government measures to combat crim.国会批评了新政府防止犯罪的措施。self-reliant 自力更生，自主 to a fault 过分的 cut the ground out from under ones feet 拆台，挖墙脚Text analysisPart 1(1-2):The Appomattox
29、meeting brought the Civil War to its virtual end.Part 2(3-12):How Grant and Lee differed in background,sense of allegiance,etc.Part3(13-16):What were the qualities they had in common.RhetoricAssonance(尾韵）line35Parallelism(排比）line42The function of introduction(page 121)The comparison and the contrast
30、 Warm-up activity:Please find out the similarities and differences in the following two pictures:If you are figuring out the similarities,you are making a comparison of these two pictures.If you are figuring out the differences,you are making a contrast of these two pictures.Comparison or contrast p
31、aragraphs are used to show similarities or differences between two things.A comparison paragraph focuses on similarities,while a contrast paragraph on differences.Comparison and contrast are frequently combined to give a full treatment of a topic.However,A paragraph usually concentrates only on simi
32、larities or differences,not both at the same time.The signal words of comparisonThe words that indicate similarity in meaning,such as“like”,“alike”,“similar to”and so on.The words that express parallel in structure,such as“eitheror”,“not onlybut also”,“bothand”and so on.Some sample expressions:There
33、 are several similarities between A and B.A and B have the same view of the world.A and B have a lot in common.In common with A,B prefers meat to fish.A resembles B in that A is also interested in collecting stamps.Just as A likes to be quiet,B likes to stay alone.Like A,B likes outdoor sports.A lik
34、es swimming.The same with A,B also likes swimming.A and B are the same in that they both like swimming in the sea.A and B have the same interests.A likes swimming in a pond;similarly,B likes swimming in the sea.Both A and B have long hair.A likes fishing.B likes fishing,too.A likes swimming,so does
35、B.The signal words of contrastThe words that express“difference”in meaning,such as“be different from”,“differ from”and so on.The words that present comparative degree,such as“fasterthan”,“tallerthan”and so on.The words that indicate a turning or concession,such as“though”,“but”and so on.Some sample
36、expressions:Unlike A,B likes outdoor sports.In contrast to A,B likes outdoor sports.Different from A,B likes outdoor sports.Contrary to A,B likes outdoor sports.As opposed to A,B likes outdoor sports.A is different from B in that B likes outdoor sports.A differs from B in that B likes outdoor sports
37、.A contrasts with B in that B likes outdoor sports.A likes indoor activities;however/in contrast/by contrast/on the other hand,B likes outdoor sports.A likes indoor activities;B,however,likes outdoor sports.A likes indoor activities,but B likes outdoor sports.A likes indoor activities,whereas/while
38、B likes outdoor sports.A is not as active as B.A is more/less active than B.Patterns of OrganizationA comparison/contrast essay usually follows one of the three patterns:the subject-by-subject pattern,the point-by-point pattern,and the subject-by-subject plus point-by-point pattern.(page121)MethodsSubject-by-subject Point-by-pointcontrastParas 4,5,6,(lee)praras7,8(Grant)P,9(G)P,10(L)P,11(G)Paras12 Grant LeecomparisonParas14-16
