1、2023届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解选择题 答题技巧讲义一专题 19 高考英语阅读理解命题点来源高频句型类型一 转折/对比强化句式1. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food.Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴关系) which does good to both of them.You may have noticed
2、 some birds sitting on the backs of sheep.2. The idea of fighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange, but thats exactly what motor engineers aredoing in Germany and some other countries.3. Doctors have found that the pears have less internal fat, but the apples have more internal fat than e
3、xternal fat.4. One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite thereverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.5. For about a century, French became the official language of England w
4、hile Old English became the language ofpeasants.（注意强对比的双方；及双方的不同点）6. While most people use little white lies to make life easier, the majority of Americans care about honesty in bothpublic and personal life. （前半句与后半句的推测是相反的关系）7. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people c
5、loser to the computer, David does not see it that way.8. After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect, wanted a city with wider streets and fine new house of stone. Infact, the streets are still narrow, but he did build more than fifty churches, among them the new St. Pauls. （in fact,actually 事实上
6、，表示转折）9. The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. (unfortunately 不幸地；fortunately 幸运地)10. As a result, English words of Politics and the
7、law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction ( 区 别 ) between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home
8、ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating. （even 表示递进）类型二分类说明（举例/ 讲好处/讲问题/讲应用/讲特点）There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors,
9、 whohave been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the pears have less internal fat, butthe apples have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems.类型三原因/结果突出常用词汇：because / as / since / for /as a result / cause / make / cont
10、ributed to / rest on / rest in / marked by /one result / therefore / aimed at1.As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything.（as 引导时间状语从句或者原因状语从句）2. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old
11、English became the language ofpeasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. .3. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast make the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing. （cause, make 等表示使动含义的动词）4. Care
12、less methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem.5. Womens friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but mens relationships are marked by shared activities.（rest on 基于）6. One result is that milli
13、ons of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these aredifficult to get rid of.（one result 其中的一种结果）7. The major market force rests in the growing Population of white-collar employees. （rest in 在于）8. the result is no sound. Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the
14、noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle,we can kill the unwanted noise. （therefore 表示因果关系，前因后果）9. The Youth Summit was aimed at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussions. （aim at 目标）10. So why bother even to try imagining li
15、fe far in the future? Here are two reasons. First, unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history,Second, by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves.11. Many cities
16、around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment(环境)friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem.类型四 强调句/倒装句加强表达力度1. It was on October 1st,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.2. Where was it that you fo
17、und your lost pen?3. Down fell the mirror, breaking to piece.4. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.5. Outsides were two men.类型五 使用 rather (than) / instead / more than / less than1.With no windows, nowhere to hang clothes and temperatures below 0c, it may seem more like a survival test t
18、han arelaxing hotel break.2.At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.3.In the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United Stated, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem.4.Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed
19、as consumer rather than a producer.5.From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, ratherthan getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild.6.There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties
20、. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes.7.Because of the wavelength of the x-rays used, soft x-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will m
21、ake possible investigations that will complement those performed with light-and electron-based instruments.8.So there is real cause for concern if consumers distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.二专题 21 阅读理解之细节理解题细节理解题的题型 ：需要我们在理解的基 础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、
22、图形比较。常见的命题方式通常有： 1.特殊疑问句形式。以 when, where, what, which, who, how much/many 等疑问词开头引出的问题； 2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false 或 EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少； 3. 以 According to 开头提问方式； 4. 以填空题的形式，如： （1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_. （2）By the first sentence of the passage author means
23、that_. （3）It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on_. （4）If you are interested in knowing about what peoples life will be, you may visit_. （5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that_ . （6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls w
24、anted to_. 5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。 做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快 速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法先从问题 中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速 在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句仔细品味，对照比较确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还 可以兼用排除法将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。 了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下
25、几个特点：（1） 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在 程度词上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。 有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。 同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。 解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样， 而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利
26、用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方 能做出正确的判断此类试题在高考中占大多数。 值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能 捕捉到真正有用的信息。 题型一 描写类细节题 考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过 程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题， 考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。 【典例示例】 【 全国卷 I，B】For Canaan Element
27、arys second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But hes, nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should should”Chris trips on
28、 the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“Vote for me ”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to pr
29、aise him. A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need
30、is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，I dont know，but I want to know.” Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign pro
31、ject when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves. “Boasting about y
32、ourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 24. What made Chris nervous？ A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech. C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question.【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲述 Thomas Whaley 为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲 课程。
33、24. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段 today is speech day 和本段最后一句 with shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kids who would enjoy public speaking. 以及第二段第一句 But hes nervous.可知，Chris 眼睛黑亮，似乎是那种 喜欢公共演讲的孩子，但是他却很紧张，故可知 Chris 是因为做演讲紧张，故选 B。 题型二 信息寻找题、广告阅读题 广告类阅读题的五大特点 1. 材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用最少的
34、篇幅 表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。 2. 内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相 关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。 3. 形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服 务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。 4. 用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有三多特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是 缩略词、省略句多。 5. 命题特点：广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的
35、题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重。 命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。 *信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表等之中。 考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定 全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。 *广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有着其他 快速寻找信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。关键在于正确理解广告内容。考
36、生必须 具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）正确解读广告的内容。通 常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采用“题干定向法”。 （1）补全成分法 省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文 语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：Driver wanted. 根据文义，可将该句补充为：A driver will be wanted. (招聘一名司机)。 （2）联想推测法 在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考生前后连
37、贯，充分 想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。 常见的缩写词有： 第 72 页 共 72 页Tel. =telephone number Ph. =phone Add (r). =address co. =company Ltd=Limited Max=maximum Min=minimum hr=hour t=time fig=figure ft=footml=mile doz=dozen Mt=Mountain P=page prof. =professor Dr. =doctor s=south n=north w=west Sta=Station pop=popular vs=
38、versus Xmas=Christmas info=information VIP=very important persons hrs=hours aft=after ad=advertisement p/t=part time exp=experienced PC=personal computer MA=Master of Arts BS degree=bachelors degree (学士学位) 【典例示例】【 北京卷，A】 Want to explore new cultures，meet new people and do something worthwhile at the
39、 same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association(GDA).Whatever stage of life youre at，wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA，youll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区). We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our voluntee
40、rs are aged 17-24.Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75.They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers，mountain leaders，and communication officers. Depending on which role you choose，you could help to increase a communitys
41、 access to safe drinking water，or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers. Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally，youll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances
42、to meet new people wholl become your lifelong friends. This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes: Country Schedule 4-week programmes 7-week programmes Algeria 5 Jul. 1 Aug. 20 Jun. 7 Aug. Egypt 24 Jul20 Aug. 19 Jun. 6 Aug.Kenya 20 Jul. 16 Aug. 18 Jun. 5 Aug. South Africa 2 Aug. 29 Aug. 1
43、5 Jun. 2 Aug. GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities. There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own
44、 skills while bringing benefits to the communities. Find out more about joining a GDA programme: Website:www .glodeve.org Email:humanresourcesglodeve.org 31. What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers? A. To seek local partners B. To take in young volunteers C. To carry out programmes D.
45、To foster cultural awareness 32. The programme beginning in August will operate in _. A. Egypt B. Algeria C. Kenya D. South Afria 33. The shared goal of GDAs projects to _. A. explore new cultures B. protect the environment C. gain corporate benefit D. help communities in need 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，这是一篇招聘志愿
46、者的广告。 31. C【解析】细节理解题。题干问管理人员的主要职责是什么。根据第三段中 Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase .,or help to project.You might also design.可知，根据岗位不同，管理人员可以 帮助增加小区的饮用水，可以规划地方文化，可以设计挑战项目培训年轻的志愿者，从这些内容上可以判 断出其主要职责是执行项目计划。故选 C。 32. D【解析】细节理解题。题干问八月份开始的这个项目将在哪里开展。根据这个表格中 4-week programmes 中 的最
47、后一个，可知答案选 D。 33. D【解析】细节理解题。题干问 GDA 的所有项目的共同目的是什么。根据倒数第二段中 All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities 可知，其目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的发展，即帮 助有需要的小区。故选 D。 题型三 数据计算题关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算 方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按 一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算 法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。 【典例示例】【 北京卷，B】 Inspiring young minds! 61. How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China?A. 55.B.
