1、 2023届高考英语一轮复习：中国传统文化英语词汇及简介（附对照翻译）讲义Laba Festival (腊八节)Laba Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday that falls on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. People usually celebrate this festival by eating Laba porridge. Laba porridge is made by boiling a mixture of grains and dried fruits, symbo
2、lizing a bountiful harvest and happiness. 腊八节是农历十二月初八日，是中国的传统节日。人们通常会吃腊八粥来庆祝这一节日。腊八粥是由多种杂粮和干果熬制而成，寓意着丰收和幸福。New Years Eve (除夕)New Years Eve is the last day of the lunar year and one of the most important traditional holidays in China. People usually celebrate by having a big family dinner, setting of
3、f fireworks, putting up couplets, staying up late, and other activities. It is also a day for family reunion. 除夕是农历年的最后一天，也是中国最重要的传统节日之一。人们通常会吃年夜饭、放烟花、贴春联、守岁等方式庆祝。这一天也是全家团聚的日子。Spring Festival (春节)Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional holidays in Chinese culture, usually celebrated
4、 on the first day of the lunar new year. People usually celebrate by putting up couplets, hanging lanterns, setting off firecrackers, making dumplings, and other activities. This festival also marks the beginning of a new year, and people exchange greetings and blessings.春节是中国传统文化中最重要的节日之一，通常在农历年的正月
5、初一庆祝。人们通常会贴对联、挂灯笼、放鞭炮、包饺子等方式庆祝。这一节日也标志着新的一年的开始，人们会互相拜年祝福。Lantern Festival (元宵节)Lantern Festival is an important traditional holiday in Chinese culture, usually celebrated on the fifteenth day of the lunar new year. People usually celebrate by eating tangyuan (glutinous rice balls), setting off sky l
6、anterns, guessing lantern riddles, and other activities. This festival also marks the end of the Spring Festival. 元宵节是中国传统文化中的一个重要节日，通常在农历正月十五庆祝。人们通常会吃汤圆、放孔明灯、猜灯谜等方式庆祝。这一节日也标志着春节的结束。Qingming Festival (清明节)Qingming Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday usually celebrated on April 4th or 5th, arou
7、nd the time of the vernal equinox. People usually visit their ancestors graves, offer flowers, burn incense, and pay respect to the departed. They also participate in other activities such as flying kites and enjoying the spring weather. 清明节是一个传统的中国节日，通常在春分前后的4月4日或5日庆祝。人们通常会前往祖先的墓地，献花、烧香，并向已故亲人致敬。他们
8、还会参加其他活动，如放风筝和享受春天的天气。Qixi Festival (七夕节)Qixi Festival, also known as Chinese Valentines Day, is a traditional holiday that falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. It is a romantic holiday that celebrates the legendary story of the Cowherd and Weaver Girl. People usually celebrate by ex
9、changing gifts, making wishes, and looking at the stars, as it is believed that the stars Vega and Altair, representing the Cowherd and Weaver Girl, can only meet once a year on this day. 七夕节，也被称为中国情人节，是一个传统的节日，通常在农历七月初七庆祝。它是一个浪漫的节日，庆祝牛郎织女的传奇故事。人们通常会通过交换礼物、许愿和仰望星空来庆祝，因为据信牛郎和织女所代表的星辰织女星和牛郎星，在这一天只能相遇一
10、次。Mid-Autumn Festival (中秋节)Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday usually celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month. It is a harvest festival that celebrates the full moon and family reunion. People usually celebrate by eating mooncakes, admiring the moon, and spending
11、time with their families. It is also a day for expressing gratitude and making wishes. 中秋节是一个传统的中国节日，通常在农历八月十五日庆祝。它是一个庆祝丰收、赏月和家庭团聚的节日。人们通常会吃月饼、赏月、和家人一起度过这一节日。这也是一个表达感激和许愿的日子。Double Ninth Festival (重阳节)Double Ninth Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday usually celebrated on the ninth day of the n
12、inth lunar month. It is a day for paying respect to the elderly and climbing mountains. People usually celebrate by climbing mountains, drinking chrysanthemum wine, eating Chongyang cakes, and spending time with their families. It is also a day for promoting health and longevity. 重阳节是一个传统的中国节日，通常在农历
13、九月初九庆祝。这是一个尊老、登高的节日。人们通常会攀登山峰、喝菊花酒、吃重阳糕，并与家人共度时光。这也是一个促进健康长寿的日子。Spring Festival Couplets (春联)Spring Festival couplets are a traditional decoration for Chinese New Year. They are two lines of poetry that are written on strips of red paper and then posted on both sides of the front door. The couplets
14、are believed to bring good luck and prosperity for the coming year. The content of the couplets is usually related to the themes of good fortune, health, happiness, and peace. 春联是中国新年的传统装饰品。它们是写在红色纸条上的两行诗句，贴在前门的两侧。据信春联能够为新的一年带来好运和繁荣。春联的内容通常与好运、健康、幸福和平安有关。New Years Greetings (拜年)New Years Greetings,
15、or bai nian in Chinese, is a tradition in which people pay respects and give greetings to their family members, friends, and acquaintances during the Chinese New Year. It is a way of expressing good wishes for the coming year and showing respect to ones elders. People usually say Happy New Year or W
16、ishing you good fortune and prosperity when they greet each other during this time. 拜年是中国新年期间的一项传统，人们会向家人、朋友和熟人致意并送上祝福。这是表达对未来一年的美好祝愿和对长辈的尊敬的方式。人们在这个时候通常会说“新年快乐”或“祝你财源滚滚，福运连连”。Beijing Roast Duck (北京烤鸭)Beijing Roast Duck is a famous dish in Chinese cuisine, originating from the city of Beijing. The d
17、ish is made by roasting a duck until the skin is crispy and the meat is tender. The duck is typically served with thin pancakes, sliced cucumbers, scallions, and sweet bean sauce. Eating Beijing Roast Duck is a must-try experience for anyone visiting Beijing. 北京烤鸭是中国菜系中著名的菜品，起源于北京市。这道菜是将鸭子烤至皮脆肉嫩而制成的
18、。通常会配上薄薄的饼皮、黄瓜片、葱末和甜面酱。吃北京烤鸭是任何来北京的人必须尝试的经历。Soy Milk (豆浆)Soy Milk is a traditional Chinese drink made from soybeans. It is a popular breakfast drink in China and is often served with fried dough sticks, also known as youtiao. Soy milk is a healthy and nutritious alternative to cows milk, as it is lo
19、w in fat and cholesterol and high in protein and fiber. 豆浆是一种由黄豆制成的传统中国饮品。它是中国受欢迎的早餐饮料，通常会搭配油条一起食用。豆浆是一种健康营养的牛奶替代品，因为它低脂低胆固醇，富含蛋白质和纤维。Steamed Buns (馒头)Steamed buns, also known as mantou, are a staple food in Chinese cuisine. They are made from wheat flour, yeast, and water, and are usually served as
20、 a side dish to a main course. Steamed buns are soft, fluffy, and slightly sweet, and can be filled with a variety of savory or sweet fillings, such as pork, vegetables, or red bean paste. 馒头是中国菜系中的主食，也称为“馒头”。它是由小麦粉、酵母和水制成的，通常作为主菜的配菜。馒头口感柔软、松软，略带甜味，可以填充各种口味的咸或甜馅料，如猪肉、蔬菜或红豆沙等。Hot Pot (火锅)Hot pot is a
21、 popular Chinese dish that is enjoyed by people across the country. It involves cooking a variety of raw ingredients in a simmering pot of broth at the center of the table, and then dipping the cooked ingredients in a variety of dipping sauces. Hot pot is a great social dining experience that brings
22、 people together and allows them to enjoy a variety of flavors and textures. 火锅是一道在中国受欢迎的美食，被人们广泛地喜爱。它的做法是将各种生食材料放入桌子中央的滚烫热汤中煮熟，然后蘸上各种蘸料食用。火锅是一种极佳的社交餐饮体验，可以让人们聚在一起品尝各种口味和风味。Spring Rolls (春卷)Spring rolls are a type of Chinese appetizer that are enjoyed around the world. They are made from a variety o
23、f fillings, such as shredded vegetables, pork, and shrimp, which are wrapped in a thin pastry wrapper and deep-fried until crispy. Spring rolls are often served as an appetizer or snack and can be dipped in a variety of sauces for added flavor. 春卷是一种中国式的开胃菜，在世界各地都广受欢迎。它的制作原料有多种，如切成丝的蔬菜、猪肉和虾，这些馅料包裹在薄
24、饼皮中炸至酥脆。春卷通常作为开胃菜或零食食用，并可以蘸上各种酱汁增添口味。Fried Sauce Noodles (炸酱面)Fried sauce noodles, also known as zhajiangmian, are a popular noodle dish in China. The dish consists of thick wheat noodles topped with a savory sauce made from stir-fried ground pork or soybean paste, along with vegetables such as cucu
25、mber and bean sprouts. Fried sauce noodles are a comforting and flavorful dish that can be enjoyed for lunch or dinner. 炸酱面，又称为“炸酱面”，是中国一道受欢迎的面食。这道菜由粗面条和由炒熟的碎猪肉或黄酱制成的咸酱料，配上黄瓜和豆芽等蔬菜。炸酱面是一道美味可口的菜肴，适合作为午餐或晚餐食用。Ma Hua (麻花)Ma Hua is a traditional Chinese snack that is popular in northern China. It is mad
26、e by twisting two ropes of dough together, deep-frying them, and then coating them in a sweet syrup. Ma Hua has a crispy texture on the outside and is soft and chewy on the inside. It is often enjoyed as a snack with a cup of tea or as a gift during holidays. 麻花是中国北方地区受欢迎的传统小吃。制作方法是将两根面团绞在一起，然后油炸，再涂
27、上一层甜糖浆。麻花外脆内软，常常作为小吃搭配一杯茶食用，或在节日时作为礼物赠送。Zongzi (粽子)Zongzi is a traditional Chinese food that is commonly eaten during the Dragon Boat Festival, which falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. It is made by wrapping glutinous rice, along with a variety of fillings such as pork, peanuts, and pr
28、eserved eggs, in bamboo leaves and then steaming them. Zongzi has a sweet and savory flavor and a soft, sticky texture. 粽子是中国传统食品，通常在农历五月初五的端午节期间食用。它由糯米和各种馅料（如猪肉、花生和咸鸭蛋）裹在竹叶中蒸制而成。粽子有甜味和咸味，质地软糯。La Mian (拉面)La Mian is a type of Chinese noodle that is made by hand-pulling wheat dough until it forms lon
29、g, thin strands. It is often served in a savory broth and topped with meat and vegetables. La Mian is a popular street food in China and can be found in many small restaurants and food stalls.拉面是一种中国面条，是通过手工拉面来制作的。通常它会放在口味浓郁的汤汁中，上面再加上肉和蔬菜等配料。拉面是中国的一种流行街头食品，在很多小餐馆和摊位都能买到。Huntun (馄饨)Huntun, also known
30、 as Wonton, is a type of Chinese dumpling that is commonly found in Northern China. It is made by wrapping a thin sheet of dough around a filling made of ground pork, shrimp, and other ingredients, and then boiling it in a flavorful broth. Huntun is usually served in a hot soup and is often eaten as
31、 a snack or as a meal.馄饨，也叫云吞，是中国北方常见的一种饺子。它由一张薄饺皮包裹着猪肉末、虾仁和其他馅料，然后在味道浓郁的汤中煮熟。馄饨通常在热汤中食用，是一种常见的小吃或正餐。Doufu (豆腐)Doufu, also known as tofu, is a popular ingredient in Chinese cuisine. It is made from soy milk that is coagulated and then pressed into solid blocks. Doufu has a soft and delicate texture
32、and a mild, slightly sweet taste. It is often used in soups, stir-fries, and as a meat substitute in vegetarian dishes.豆腐是中国菜肴中的一种流行食材，它是由豆浆凝固后压成块状的。豆腐质地柔软细腻，味道略带甜味。它常常被用来做汤、炒菜，或者作为素菜中代替肉类的食材。Shiji (史记)Shiji, or Records of the Grand Historian, is a comprehensive historical text written by the Han dy
33、nasty historian Sima Qian in the 2nd century BC. It covers Chinese history from the Yellow Emperor to the early Han dynasty and is divided into 130 chapters, including biographies of important figures, chronologies of events, and discussions of topics such as astronomy, music, and agriculture.史记是汉代史
34、学家司马迁于公元前2世纪所撰写的一部全面的历史文献。它涵盖了从黄帝到汉初的中国历史，分为130个章节，包括重要人物传记、事件年表以及天文学、音乐、农业等主题的讨论。Shijing (诗经)Shijing, also known as the Book of Songs or Classic of Poetry, is the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, compiled during the Zhou dynasty (1046256 BC). It consists of 305 poems in total, many of
35、which are folk songs that provide insight into the social, cultural, and political aspects of ancient Chinese life.诗经，也称诗或诗经，是中国现存最古老的诗歌集，编纂于周朝（公元前1046年至公元前256年）。它总共包含305首诗歌，其中许多是民间歌曲，提供了关于古代中国生活的社会、文化和政治方面的见解。Chunqiu (春秋)Chunqiu, or the Spring and Autumn Annals, is a chronicle of the state of Lu du
36、ring the Spring and Autumn period (771476 BC) of ancient China. It is attributed to Confucius and is considered to be one of the Five Classics of Chinese literature. Chunqiu is a historical record that covers the political, social, and military events of the state of Lu and its neighboring states du
37、ring this period.春秋，或称春秋纪事，是中国古代春秋时期（公元前771年至公元前476年）鲁国的编年史。它被认为是五部中国经典文学之一，据传是孔子所著。春秋是一份历史记录，涵盖了鲁国及其周边国家在这个时期的政治、社会和军事事件。Lunyu (论语):Lunyu, also known as the Analects of Confucius, is a collection of sayings and teachings attributed to Confucius and his disciples. It is considered to be one of the m
38、ost important works in the Confucian canon and has had a significant impact on Chinese philosophy and culture. Lunyu emphasizes the importance of personal morality, education, and the cultivation of virtue in achieving a harmonious society.论语，又称论语集注，是一部归功于孔子和他的弟子的言论和教诲的集合。它被认为是儒家经典中最重要的著作之一，并对中国哲学和文
39、化产生了重要影响。论语强调了个人道德、教育和培养美德在实现和谐社会方面的重要性。Sanguo Yanyi (三国演义)Sanguo Yanyi, or Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is a historical novel written by Luo Guanzhong during the Ming dynasty. It tells the story of the turbulent period of the Three Kingdoms (220-280 AD) in Chinese history, with a focus on the liv
40、es of the key figures involved. The novel is a masterpiece of Chinese literature and has been widely read and adapted in various forms of media.三国演义是明朝时期罗贯中所著的一部历史小说。它讲述了中国历史上动荡的三国时期（公元220年至280年）的故事，重点关注参与其中的关键人物的生活。这部小说是中国文学的杰作，被广泛阅读和改编为各种形式的媒体。Shuihu Zhuan (水浒传)Shuihu Zhuan, also known as Water Ma
41、rgin or Outlaws of the Marsh, is a novel written during the Ming dynasty. It tells the story of a group of 108 outlaws who rose up against corrupt officials and powerful landlords during the Song dynasty (960-1279 AD). The novel is known for its colorful characters, exciting action, and themes of ju
42、stice and loyalty.水浒传是明朝时期的一部小说，也被称为水滸傳或湖南通志。它讲述了宋朝（公元960年至1279年）期间一群108个义贼反抗腐败官员和强大地主的故事。这部小说以其丰富多彩的角色、激动人心的动作和正义与忠诚的主题而闻名。Xiyouji (西游记)Xiyouji, also known as Journey to the West, is a classic Chinese novel written during the Ming dynasty. It tells the story of the monk Xuanzang and his journey to
43、India to obtain Buddhist scriptures, accompanied by his three disciples, including the famous Monkey King. The novel is known for its colorful characters, supernatural events, and profound Buddhist themes.西游记是明朝时期的一部经典中国小说。它讲述了僧人玄奘取得佛经的旅程，他带着三个徒弟，包括著名的孙悟空一起前往印度。这部小说以其丰富多彩的角色、超自然事件和深刻的佛教主题而闻名。Honglou
44、meng (红楼梦)Hongloumeng, also known as Dream of the Red Chamber, is a masterpiece of Chinese literature written during the Qing dynasty. It tells the story of the decline of a wealthy and influential family in imperial China, and explores themes of love, family, power, and social status. The novel is
45、known for its intricate characterizations, rich symbolism, and insightful social commentary.红楼梦是清朝时期的一部中国文学巨著。它讲述了一个富有有影响力的家族在中国帝国时代的衰落，探讨了爱情、家庭、权力和社会地位等主题。这部小说以其精细的人物刻画、丰富的象征主义和深刻的社会评论而闻名。Shanhaijing (山海经)Shanhaijing, also known as Classic of Mountains and Seas, is an ancient Chinese text dating ba
46、ck to the Warring States period (475-221 BC). It is a collection of myths, legends, and geographical descriptions of various regions in China. The text has had a significant influence on Chinese mythology, folklore, and culture, and has been an important source of inspiration for Chinese art and lit
47、erature.山海经是一部古老的中国文本，可以追溯到战国时期（公元前475年至221年）。它是中国各个地区神话、传说和地理描述的集合。这个文本对中国神话、民间故事和文化产生了重要影响，并成为中国艺术和文学的重要灵感来源。Sanzijing (三字经)Sanzijing, also known as Three Character Classic, is a classic Chinese text that has been used as a primer for teaching children Chinese language and Confucian values for ove
48、r 700 years. The text consists of 1,140 characters and covers the basics of Confucian philosophy, Chinese history, and ethical values.三字经是中国经典的著作之一，被用作教授儿童中文语言和儒家价值观的启蒙读物已有700多年的历史。这本书包含1140个汉字，涵盖了儒家哲学、中国历史和伦理价值观的基础知识。Zizhi Tongjian (资治通鉴)Zizhi Tongjian is a comprehensive history of China written by
49、 the historian Sima Guang during the Song dynasty. The work covers a period of over 1,300 years from the Warring States period (475-221 BC) to the Five Dynasties period (907-960 AD). It is known for its detailed and accurate historical records and its analysis of political and social trends.资治通鉴是中国历史学家司马光在宋朝写成的一部综合性中国历史著作。这部著作涵盖
