1、定定 语语初 中 英 语 语 法 课初 中 英 语 语 法 课从从主讲人：主讲人：句句CONTENTS目 录 引入部分：引入部分：什么是定语什么是定语关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词如何选择关系词：如何选择关系词：关系代词关系代词or关系副词关系副词01 什么是定语？什么是定语？Part one 引入部分引入部分 This is a beautiful flower.（形容词作定语，置前）This is a flower in the garden.（介词短语作定语，置后）This is which you gave to me.the flower（定语从句作定语，置后）先行词关系词关系词定
2、语从句02Part Two 关系代词1.定语从句定语从句在复合句中在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。【定义】【结构】先行词先行词+关系词关系词+其他其他【关系词的分类】1）关系代词：）关系代词：who,whom,which,that,whose2）关系副词：）关系副词：when,where,why 关系词关系词所修饰的先行词所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成在从句中所作的成分分关系代词关系代词who人人主语，宾语主语，宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语，宾语主语，宾语that人或物人或物主语，宾语，表语主语，宾语，表语whose人或物人
3、或物定语定语1）who,whom的用法的用法1.who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语可省。在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语可省。2.whom在句中作宾语，在句中作宾语，限制性从句可省，非限制性从句中不能省略限制性从句可省，非限制性从句中不能省略总结：关系代词whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，常由“介词+whom“引出，此时whom不能省略,也不能用who代替 The girl who is in red is Lily.(作作_,不可省）不可省）I like the person who you are talking to.(作作_,可用可用whom/that替换或者省略替换或者省略)主
4、语主语宾语宾语 I happened to meet the professor whom I got to know at a party yesterday.(作作_,可省可省)宾语宾语I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.(_后面不可省）后面不可省）介词介词whose的先行词既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。的先行词既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。2）whose的用法的用法 e.g.This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.(wh
5、ose指人指人)=This is the scientist,_ the achievements are well known.of whom e.g.Id like a room whose window faces the sea.（whose指物）指物）=Id like a room _ the window faces the sea.of whichwhose=the n.+of which/whom3）that和和which的用法的用法1.限制性定语从句中，通常情况下限制性定语从句中，通常情况下that和和which可以互换。可以互换。that指人或物，指人或物，which指物不
6、指人，指物不指人，他们都可以作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，作主语不能省略。他们都可以作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，作主语不能省略。His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.(作作_,不可省不可省)The coat _ I put on the desk is black.（作（作_,_）主语主语that/which/不填不填宾语宾语可省略可省略 The room in _ I live is very big.=The room _ I live in is very big.注意：注意：(先行词为物，在介词后面用先行词为物，
7、在介词后面用which，且不可省略）且不可省略）whichthat/which/不填不填同理可得，先行词为人，在介词后面用同理可得，先行词为人，在介词后面用whom）2.只能用只能用that的情况的情况记忆口诀：记忆口诀：“最不避人物最不避人物”“最”-极端修饰：如最高级、序数词、the only,the same,the very，the last，the right，just等This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city.(先行词被先行词被_修饰）修饰）The first thing that we should
8、do now is to find a local guide.（先行词被（先行词被_修饰）修饰）bestfirst“不”-不定代词(everything,nothing,something,anything,some，all,much,little,few,none,等)All the apples that fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.There is not much _ ought to be done right now.(先行词为先行词为_)He did everything _ could help us.(
9、先行词为先行词为_)thatthatmucheverything【当堂练习】I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.A.which B.whose C.who D.that“人物”-先行词有人也有物当主句是以当主句是以who或者或者which开头的特殊疑问句是，为避免重复，后面关系词用开头的特殊疑问句是，为避免重复，后面关系词用that。Who is the person that is standing at the school gate?（前有（前有_）who哪辆自行车是你弄丢的那辆？哪辆自
10、行车是你弄丢的那辆？_ is the bike _ you lost?Whichthat“避”-避免重复Tell us about the people and the places that are different from ours.Im going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited.（先行词是（先行词是_）the countries and people3.只能用只能用which的情况的情况 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中 She lost the game,which depressed
11、her greatly.Tokyo,_ is the capital of Japan,sees great changes every day.非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。which先行词是物，在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前。先行词是物，在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前。The house in w
12、hich I used to live has become a shoe shop.The pen with _ you are writing is Jeffs.which如果有两个定语从句，其中前一个关系代词用如果有两个定语从句，其中前一个关系代词用that，后一个宜用，后一个宜用which Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.先行词本身就是先行词本身就是that的情况下的情况下Whats that which flashed in the sky ju
13、st now?I dont like that which he did.03Part Three 关系副词关系词关系词所修饰的先行词所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成在从句中所作的成分分关系副词关系副词when时间名词时间名词时间状语时间状语where地点名词地点名词地点状语地点状语why原因名词原因名词原因状语原因状语关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1.when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常为time,day,morning,night,week,year,moment等I will n
14、ever forget the day when I won the prize.2.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，它的先行词通常为place，village，house，room，building，town等This is the village where I stayed last year.3.why指地点，在从句中作原因状语，它的先行词通常为reason。Tell me the reason why she was late.第三空填第三空填which（which指代前面的指代前面的the days在从句中充当在从句中充当spend的宾语）的宾语）第四空填第四空填when(从
15、句中从句中we是主语，是主语，live是谓语，是谓语，in the country是宾语，是宾语，when指代指代the days在在从句中充当时间状语）从句中充当时间状语）This is the place _(which/where)I spend my childh hood.This is the place _(which/where)I visited last summer.第一空填第一空填where(从句中从句中spend是谓语，是谓语，my childhood是宾语是宾语where代指代指the place在从句中充当地在从句中充当地点状语）点状语）第二空填第二空填which
16、(which指代前面的指代前面的the place在从句中充当在从句中充当visit的宾语）的宾语）Ill will never forever the days _(which/when)we spend together.Ill will never forever the days _(which/when)we live together in the country.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于介词+which结构，因此常常和介词+which结构交替使用，例如：There are occasions when(on wh
17、ich)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？04Part Four 如何选择如何选择方法一：方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。而不及物
18、动词则要求用关系副词。1.This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.2.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.课堂练习：判断改错课堂练习：判断改错 1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year.2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.3.This is the mountain village(whi
19、ch)I visited last year.4.Ill never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.错错错错对对对对方法二：方法二：准确判断关系词在定语从句中的成分准确判断关系词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状主、宾、定、状)，也能，也能正确选择出关系代词正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系副词。例例1.Is this museum _ you visited a few days age?A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 例例2.Is this the museum _ the exhi
20、bition was held.A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 例例1中，所缺部分为宾语，而中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。例例2中中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词词组，可用介词in+which
21、 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以用的不对，所以选选A定语从句解题思路定语从句解题思路Step 1：确定关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分？：确定关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分？A.如果是主语、宾语、表语、定语，就用关系代词如果是主语、宾语、表语、定语，就用关系代词Step2：:找出先行词，判断指人指物找出先行词，判断指人指物Step 3:选择合适的关系代词。选择合适的关系代词。B.如果是状语如果是状语，就用关系副词，就用关系副词Step2：:找出先行词，判断指时间，地点，还是原因。找出先行词，判断指时间，地点，还是原因。Step 3:选择合适的关系副词。选择合适的关系副词。实在不会看关系词充当什么成分怎么办？实在不会看关系词充当什么成分怎么办？定语从句中的谓语动词是及物动词定语从句中的谓语动词是及物动词定语从句中的定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词谓语动词是不及物动词-关系代词关系代词-关系副词关系副词感谢聆听
