1、2020届广东省广州市高三普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）英语试题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读理解We can all think of times when people didnt make remembering easy. Directions given at machine-gun speed. New people introduced in a flood of names and handshakes. Whenever information is passed between people, its all too easy for it to go in one
2、 ear and straight out of the other. Thankfully, the opposite is also true. Look around you, and youll see parents who can get their children to remember exactly what they were told; advertisers who know how to imprint their sales messages on our brains.So, how do they do? Their secrets can be summed
3、 up in four simple words: focus, imagery, reasons and engagement.FOCUS means ensuring that the person youre talking to can concentrate on learning. Choose your moment carefully. Check that they can properly hear or see the information. Communicate slowly and clearly enough for their memory to cope.I
4、MAGERY helps information to stick. Do everything your can to make other people “see” the ideas youre giving them. Add visual details to directions, and illustrate abstract concepts with metaphors.REASONS to remember help people to put in the mental effort. So, make it clear that your words are impor
5、tant, and be explicit about why. Maybe this information will save them time, protect them from embarrassment, or let them enjoy a particular experience or event.EMGAGEMENT requires you to ask questions. Point out links between new concepts and things listeners already know. Activate their senses, sp
6、ark their curiosity, get them doing something physical, or simply make them laugh.The next time youve got an important message to pass on, put some of these techniques to the test. Youll discover that there are benefits on both sides when you know how to FIRE peoples memories into action.1What is th
7、e main purpose of the text?ATo report new research.BTo provide some advice.CTo explain a problem.DTo define some terms.2How can you do to help a listener “focus” on what you are saying?ASelect the appropriate time to raise the topic.BDo something humorous to get their attention.CMake sure the inform
8、ation provided is correct.DSpeak as slowly and clearly as you possibly can.3Explaining to listeners why your information is important is an example of _.AFOCUSBIMAGERYCREASONSDENGAGEMENTSpecial boxes lie at the bottom of my locked filing cabinet. Deposited there are important letters and cards colle
9、cted throughout my life, from my grandparents, school friends, parents, wife and son. Since the invention of e-mail though, theyve been few and far between.Tonight is New Yorks Eve 2029 and theres a very special box of letters I want to look at. But first theres something I have to do The Ritual(惯例)
10、.I go to my trusted computer and start. I begin to type: Dear - . I leave the name blank for now, anticipating the thrill of typing it in. “I hope you are well and I wonder how this will find you. And you still planning to move to that villa in Portugal? Did your son marry Fiona? Is your mother stil
11、l alive? Questions surge into my mind.For the next two hours I sit writing. About what Ive been doing for the last year, my failing health, my increasing wealth and sometime difficult marriage. Then about my goals and ambitions. Will he be interested? Do I climb Mt. Kilimanjaro? Do I get that novel
12、published? the one thats been rejected more times than I carte to think about.Finally, its finished. 11:30 pm. I fill in the recipients name, print my letter, sign and address it and then seal it up with tape. I then delete the document and empty the trash folder to avoid the possibility of temptati
13、on. That completes the ritual!I walk over to my “special box”. It contains ten long, white, thick envelopes, all with the same handwriting. I place the one I have just written in at the back and take out the one at the front. Its dated 2019, and labelled “to be opened 31st December 2029”.The cycle i
14、s finally complete! I open it, trembling with anticipation. I begin to read, my eyes tearing up a little as I do so. Throughout the last ten long, eventful years, of life, death, joy and heartbreak, it has been waiting patiently in this box for me, though I now have no memory of ever having written
15、it.4Why does the author receive fewer “important letters” these days ?AHe has moved from his original address.BHe is rarely in contact with his friends and family.CPeople communicate with each other less often than before.DElectronic communication has largely replaced physical letters.5Who does the
16、underlined word “he” in paragraph 4 refer to?AThe author himself.BThe authors son.CThe authors school friend.DThe authors book publisher.6Why does the author probably delete the completed letter from his computer?ASo that no one else will be able to read it.BSo that he wont read it ahead of schedule
17、.CBecause he decides at last not to send it.DBecause he wants forget what has happened.7How does the author feel as he is about to open his special letter?ARelievedBMovedCExcitedDAfraidTexas rancher(牧场主) Charles Goodnight had a problem. He needed skilled cowboys to drive his herd of two thousand lon
18、ghorn cattle to New Mexico to be sold. He couldnt offer high wages. He couldnt promise easy jobs or even nice weather. But he decided that decent, warm meals might entice men to work for him.In the mid-to-late 1800s, cattle drives sometimes took three to four months, and once the drive began, there
19、were no stores for hundreds of miles. All the food and supplies needed for the trip were carried on two-wheeled carts. Usually, the cowboys food was boring and unappetizing.Goodnight went to work and solved the problem. His invention of a mobile kitchen, the chuck wagon(四轮马车), got its name from the
20、cowboy word for food, chuck. Goodnight took an old army wagon and rebuilt it with Osage orange, a wood so tough that Indians used it to make bows. The wagons iron axles were stronger than the wooden ones found on standard wagons, and the wider wheels lasted longer. Besides food, coffee sugar and eat
21、ing utensils, it held everything from first-aid supplies to needles and thread. It even contained cooking stove.The first chuck wagon was an instant success. Eighteen cowhands joined Goodnight and his partner, Oliver Loving, to drive the cattle to New Mexico for a handsome profit. The route they too
22、klater called the Goodnight-Loving Trailbecame one of the most heavily used cattle trails in the Southwest.The chuck wagon soon was the backbone of all successful cattle drives. Other ranchers created their own moving kitchens, and eventually the Studebaker Company produced chuck wagons that sold fo
23、r $75 to $100 apiece, about $1,000 today.The chuck wagon was much more than a mobile kitchen. Sometimes called the trail drives mother ship, it was like a magnet that drew the men together. The wagon and the ground around it were the cowboys home. There he enjoyed hot meals, a warm fire, and good co
24、mpanionship. He could also get a bandage, a haircut, or horse liniment for his sore muscles. And there, under the stars and around the chuck wagon, he crawled into his bedroll each night.8Who does the underlined word “entice” in paragraph 1 mean?AInformBDirectCEnableDAttract9Why were cattle drives i
25、n the mid-to-late 1800s so tough ?AAll the cattle were carried on two-wheeled vehicles.BFresh food supplies were hard to find on the drive.CThere were not enough cowboys to drive the cattle.DThere was no place to store food and necessary supplies.10What do we know about Goodnights chuck wagon from t
26、he text?AIt was stronger than the ordinary wagons.BIt was mainly used to provide first aid.CIt could be changed into a sleeping area.DIt was sold to other ranchers by Goodnight.11What is the best title for the text?AThe Cowboys ProblemBGoodnight-Loving TrailCThe Cowboys Home on WheelsDExciting Cattl
27、e Drives in the WestDepending on what language you speak, your eye perceives colours and the world differently than someone else.The human eye can physically perceive millions of colours. But we dont all recognise these colours in the same way. Some people cant see differences in colours so called c
28、olour blindness due to a defect or absence of the cells in the retina that are sensitive to high levels of light: the cones. But the distribution and density of these cells also varies across people with normal vision, causing us all to experience the same colour in slightly different ways.Language
29、affects our colour perception too. Different languages and cultural groups also categorize colours differently. Some languages like Dani, spoken in Papua New Guinea, and Bassa, spoken in Liberia and Sierra Leone, only have two terms, dark and light. Dark roughly translates as cool in those languages
30、, and light as warm. So colours like black, blue, and green are glossed as cool colours, while lighter colours like white, red, orange and yellow are glossed as warm colours. Other cultural groups have no word for “colours” at all.Remarkably, most of the worlds languages have five basic colour terms
31、. As well as dark, light, and red, these languages typically have a term for yellow, and a term that refers to both blue and green. That is, these languages do not have separate terms for “green” and “blue” but use one term to describe both colours. Also, Russian, Greek, Turkish and many other langu
32、ages have two separate terms for blue one referring exclusively to darker shades, and one referring to lighter shades.The way we perceive colours can also change during our lifetime. Greek speakers, who have two fundamental colour terms to describe light and dark blue, are more likely to see these t
33、wo colours as the same after living for long periods of time in the UK. There, these two colours are described in English by the same fundamental colour term: blue.Different languages can influence our perceptions in all areas of life, not only colour. Scientists are now investigating how different
34、languages changes the way we perceive everyday objects. Ultimately, this happens because learning a new language is like giving our brain the ability to interpret the world differently.12What is mainly discussed in paragraph 2?AThe medical causes of peoples colour blindness.BThe different types of c
35、olours that people can see.CThe physical causes of variation in peoples vision.DThe cultural reasons for differences in colour perception.13What colours are commonly referred to using the same word by many language groups?AYellow and red.BWarm and cold.CDark and light.DBlue and green.14What do we kn
36、ow about the Russian language?AIt classifies colours as either warm or cold.BIt has more than one word for the colour blue.CIt mainly describes objects in terms of their colour.DIt has only five basic terms to describe colours.15Why does the author mention Greek speakers living in England?ATo illust
37、rate how social context can affect our senses.BTo provide an example of cultural miscommunication.CTo highlight the variation in the words used to describe colour.DTo demonstrate how languages can combine to produce new words.二、七选五Tropical CyclonesHave you ever seen a TV weatherperson pointing to a
38、large, white spiral of storm clouds spinning over the Earth on their video screen? If so, then youve gotten a small look at what the most powerful storm in the world looks like: a tropical cyclone (热带风暴)._16_ The warm air and water at the equator(赤道) rise into the atmosphere, cool off, and then sink
39、 back down. As this cycle repeats itself over and over again, the storm begins to grow and the winds around the storm begin to move faster.Depending on where a tropical cyclone is in the world, it is called either a hurricane, a typhoon, or a cyclone. If tropical cyclones move over the northwestern
40、Pacific Ocean, theyre called typhoons. _17_ In the South Pacific or the Indian Ocean, theyre called cyclones.The center of a tropical cyclone is called the “eye”. _18_ Most of the strong winds do not reach the eye of the storm, so the eye is the calmest part._19_ A storm that is rated as a Category
41、1 is the weakest. A Category 5 tropical cyclone is the strongest, which has winds of over 300km per hour, can cause catastrophic damage.Once these storms come onto land, they no longer have the warm ocean water they need to grow larger. This means that they begin to grow weaker. This doesnt stop the
42、m from causing a lot of damage before they go away. _20_AThey still may produce strong rain and tornadoes.BTropical cyclones are categorised based on their strength.CThey withdraw as quickly as they arrive and leave the land untouched.DThe rest of the storm moves in a circle around the eye at incred
43、ibly high speeds.ETropical storms with wind speeds that reach 74 miles per hour are called hurricanes.FTropical cyclones start as tropical storms that form in warm ocean waters near the Earths equator.GSuch storms moving over the northeastern Pacific or the Atlantic Ocean are termed hurricanes.三、完形填
44、空In todays world, we find ourselves communicating more through online channels such as messaging, social media and video calls, often at the _21_ of face-to-face dialogue. There are certain situations where online communication is _22_ but others where we opt for virtual over a real-life conversatio
45、n. Which begs the _23_: is online communication _24_ in todays world?To begin with, Id like to outline the advantages of online communication. One of the main arguments in its _25_ is that it opens up the possibility of communicating with people in different places around the globe. This has conside
46、rable benefits in the workplace as _26_ can take place via video conferencing between Stockholm, San Francisco and Shanghai without the need for _27_ , exhausting, long-haul business trips. _28_ , it provides opportunities for long-distance families and friends to keep in touch on a daily basis. Ano
47、ther point is that written online communication gives us the option of responding either _29_ or at a time that suits us as well as allowing us to _30_ and polish our message.On the other hand, there are several significant _31_ to over-reliance on online communication. Some experts are _32_ that a
48、lack of face-to-face interaction _33_ the development of vital social skills such as empathising and reacting to situations in _34_ time. Also, the very nature of conversation is _35_ in the virtual world. If short messages decorated with emoticons _36_ longer stretches of direct conversation with _37_ expressed on real faces, we are running the
