1、Unit 4 History and TraditionsListening and SpeakingA people without the knowledge of their past history,origin and culture is like a tree without roots.Marcus Garvey一个民族不了解自己过去的历史、起源和文化，就像一棵树没有根。马库斯加维Confuciusmansioncemeteryphilosophydescendant individualheelAchilles heeln.孔子孔子 n.公馆；宅第公馆；宅第n.墓地；公墓墓地
2、；公墓n.哲学哲学n.后裔后裔；后代后代；子孙子孙adj.单独的；个别的单独的；个别的n.个人个人n.足跟；足跟；(脚脚,袜子、鞋等的）袜子、鞋等的）后跟后跟（喻）（希雅神语）（喻）（希雅神语）阿喀琉斯的脚跟阿喀琉斯的脚跟,致命的弱点致命的弱点How much do you know about Confucius?What do you know about his ideas?Video TimeVideo Timeborn in 551 BCE,is an ancient Chinese thinker,politician,educator and founder of Confuci
3、anism.Confucius initiated the private lecture style,advocating benevolence(仁慈）仁慈）,righteousness（正义）（正义）,propriety（礼（礼节）节）,wisdom and trust.He led some of his disciples to travel around the world for 14 years,and in his later years revised the Six Classics(Poetry,Book,Rites,Music,Yi and Spring and Au
4、tumn).After his death,his disciples and their disciples recorded the words and deeds,sayings and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples,and compiled them into the Analects（文（文选；论集）选；论集）of Confucius.His ideas have had a profound impact on China and the world.Famous sayings from Confucius:1.Learning
5、without reflecting leads to confusion.2.Review the old and learn the new.3.Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you.4.Make no social distinctions in teaching.5.When seeing a person with high caliber,strive to be his equal.6.To learn and at due time to repeat what one has learnt,i
6、snt that after all a pleasure?己所不欲勿施于己所不欲勿施于人人温故而知新温故而知新学而不思则罔学而不思则罔有教无类有教无类见贤思齐见贤思齐学而时习之，不学而时习之，不亦乐乎亦乐乎?Temple of ConfuciusKong Family MansionCemetery of ConfuciusWhat do you know about these places in Qufu,Shangdong Province?Have you been there?Temple of Confucius The most famous and (large)temple
7、 honours the great sage.It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.It covers 16,000 square metres and has 460 rooms.The main part consists of nine courtyards with several (gate).Dacheng Hall stands the centre and is the principal place for offering sacrifices to Confucius.largestgatesat Cemetery of Con
8、fucius This is where Confucius and his descendants (bury).There are more than 10,000 of them,buried here over 2,000 years.The cemetery has had many renovations(翻新翻新)and extensions(扩建扩建)in its history.Kong Family Mansion (locate)to the east of the Temple of Confucius,this was the historical home of t
9、he descendants of Confucius they managed sites and ceremonies in Qufu.Today it is museum.Locatedwhereaare buriedThe Three Confucius is famous for its rich cultural accumulation,long history,grand scale,rich collection of cultural relics,as well as its scientific and artistic value.It was listed as o
10、ne of the World Cultural Heritage sites.Temple of ConfuciusKong Family MansionCemetery of ConfuciusThese places in Qufu,Shangdong Province are well preserved in honor of Confucius.Do you want to know more about Confucius?Fact/Opinion about ConfuciusWilliam 1.Confucius is one of his _;2.He was a _;3.
11、He lived _ years ago.Xiao Kong1.Confucius has over _;2.He was a great _ and had many _ about _3.He was one of the greatest _ in history.favourite philosopherswise manover 25003 million descendantseducatoreducationideasmindsTask 1 listen and fill in the blanks.1 Confucius said that learning without u
12、nderstanding leads to confusion.2 Xiao Kong is doing a research project on Confucius philosophy.3 As one of Confucius descendants,Xiao Kongs name is recorded in the family tree.4 Dacheng Hall is the tallest building in Qufu.Listen again and decide whether these statements are true(T),false(F),or not
13、 mentioned(NM).FFNMTreflectingConfucius ideas on education.The Three Confucius is famous for its rich cultural accumulation,long history,grand scale,rich collection of cultural relics,as well as its scientific and artistic value.It was listed as one of the World Cultural Heritage sites.Temple of Con
14、fuciusKong Family MansionCemetery of ConfuciusThese places in Qufu,Shangdong Province are well preserved in honor of Confucius.Do you want to know more about Confucius?Fact/Opinion about ConfuciusWilliam 1.Confucius is one of his _;2.He was a _;3.He lived _ years ago.Xiao Kong1.Confucius has over _;
15、2.He was a great _ and had many _ about _3.He was one of the greatest _ in history.favourite philosopherswise manover 25003 million descendantseducatoreducationideasmindsTask 1 listen and fill in the blanks.1 Confucius said that learning without understanding leads to confusion.2 Xiao Kong is doing
16、a research project on Confucius philosophy.3 As one of Confucius descendants,Xiao Kongs name is recorded in the family tree.4 Dacheng Hall is the tallest building in Qufu.Listen again and decide whether these statements are true(T),false(F),or not mentioned(NM).FFNMTreflectingConfucius ideas on educ
17、ation.2.Answer the question.Why do you think William said his hometown was similar to Qufu?A.There are famous halls in his hometown.B.There are no tall buildings in his hometown.C.Both places have a famous person who was born there.D.His hometown doesnt allow other buildings to be more noticeable th
18、an the historic buildings.Answer:D 1.Black sheep2.Lucky dog3.Like father,like son.Guess the Chinese meaning._害群之马幸运儿有其父必有其子。idiom What is an idiom?An idiom is an expression which means.Sometimes,they can only be understood from the context in which they appear.English idiomMeaningChinese equivalentA
19、chilles heelpull ones legfish out of waterSomething that is someones weakness弱点；要害弱点；要害Achilles heel Achilles was the beloved son of the mortal hero（凡人英雄）Peleus and the sea goddess（海洋女神）Thetis,in an attempt to make his son invulnerable(刀枪不入的),set out to wash Achilles in an magic river.When doing so,
20、she held Achilles by the ankle and therefore immersed every part of the babys body except the heel which she held in her hand.So the unwashed heel became the only weakness in Achilles body.At last,Achilles died of a wound after being hit by an arrow(箭)on that heel.Peter was the best athlete in the c
21、ompetition and everyone believed he would win the champion.But he lost it finally.After the competition,he said with great remorse(万分懊悔):“Carelessness is my Achilles heel!I must get rid of it.”An example:Nowadays,“Achilles heel”is used to refer to the fatal weakness.Carelessness is my fatal weakness
22、!/kliz/n.阿基里斯(荷马史诗)English idiomMeaningChinese equivalentAchilles heelpull ones legfish out of waterSomething that is someones weaknessto joke with someone弱点；要害弱点；要害戏弄戏弄English idionMeaningChinese equivalent Fish out of waterSomeone who feels uncomfortable because they in an unfamiliar place 如芒在背Wri
23、te and explainWater:fishs living placeAir:unfamiliar placeFish:uncomfortablelOther idioms can only be understood from the context in which they appear.English idiomMeaningChinese equivalentAchilles heelpull ones legfish out of waterSomething that is someones weaknessto joke with someoneSomeone who f
24、eels uncomfortable because they are in an unfamiliar place弱点；要害弱点；要害戏弄戏弄如芒在背如芒在背 Translate1.虚荣心（虚荣心（vanity）是约翰最大的弱点。）是约翰最大的弱点。Johns vanity is his Achilles heel.2.I panicked when he said the test was tomorrow,but then _(我马上意识到他是在我马上意识到他是在和我开玩笑和我开玩笑)I realized he was just pulling my leg.Speaking【归纳拓展】
25、英语常用习语：fly off the handle over the moon laugh ones head（s）off be all ears be childs play green fingers last straw an early bird a tough nut a wet blanket 大发雷霆 欣喜若狂 大笑不止，狂笑不已 全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听 极容易做；轻而易举 救命稻草扫兴的人 早起的人 难对付的人园艺技能NoImageNoImage 一般来说，一般来说，相邻的两个单词属于同一意群相邻的两个单词属于同一意群时，前时，前一词末尾的某些音素和后一词词首的某些音素，可能一
26、词末尾的某些音素和后一词词首的某些音素，可能会连起来读。会连起来读。连读会使我们说的英语更加连读会使我们说的英语更加流畅流畅、悦耳悦耳。但是。但是,连读应是在一种连读应是在一种快速语流中自然形成快速语流中自然形成的现象，而的现象，而不是不是为了连读而去连读为了连读而去连读。1.1.辅音辅音+元音元音:相邻的两词中，前一个以辅音结尾，相邻的两词中，前一个以辅音结尾，后一个以元音开头时，一般将辅音和元音连起来读。后一个以元音开头时，一般将辅音和元音连起来读。eg:eg:not at all work it out turn it off Please pick it up连读连读常见的几种连读情况
27、：常见的几种连读情况：3.3.元音元音+元音元音:前一个单词前一个单词以以/i/i/或或/i:/i:/结尾结尾，后一个，后一个单词以元音开头时，添加单词以元音开头时，添加/j/j/后连读；前一个单词后连读；前一个单词以以/u/u/或或/u:/u:/结尾结尾，后一个单词以元音开头，添加，后一个单词以元音开头，添加/w/w/后后连读。连读。eg:eg:I agree.Go out./aij ri/w at/2.2.辅音字母辅音字母r或或re+元音元音:前一个词以前一个词以-r-r或或-re-re结尾，结尾，后一个词以元音开头，此时后一个词以元音开头，此时r r或或rere要发要发/r/r/音，并与
28、其音，并与其后的元音连读。后的元音连读。eg:eg:for us and for ever here and there for instance Where is it?Read this part of the poem“If-”written by British poet Rudyard Kipling(拉迪亚德拉迪亚德吉卜林吉卜林).Notice the linking sounds.Then mark the linking sounds after the model.If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk i
29、t on one turn of pitch-and-toss,And lose,and start again at your beginnings And never breathe a word about your loss;If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew To serve your turn long after they are gone,And so hold on when there is nothing in youExcept the Will which says to them:“Hold on!”1.R
30、ead the listening material aloud.2.Prepare an oral presentation about“An introduction of a historic site”.Have you ever been to Pingyao?Do you know something about Pingyao?Step1:Lead-in Step2:Pre-Listening Backpacker Paul is talking to a receptionist at an international youth hostel in Pingyao,China
31、.A backpacker is a person who goes travelling with a backpack.Task1:Listen to a conversation and tick the places mentioned on Page 43,Activity 1.Step2:While-Listening Ming-Qing Street Zhenguosi TempleWang Family Courtyard Qiao Family Courtyardthe city wall Mount MianAncient Government Office Shuangl
32、in TempleRishengchang BankTask 2:Listen once more.Complete the sentences to describe how the speakers felt.I had expected something different.Paul sounded It was like walking into history.Paul sounded It wasnt as big as I had expectedPaul sounded Some of the snacks there are amazing.Xiao Yan sounded
33、 I had no idea there would be so many tourists.Paul sounded Wow,I cant believe you didnt see the wall.Xiao Yan sounded n.n.小吃小吃I dont know.disappointedamazeddisappointedamazedsurprisedsurprisedStep3:Post-Listening&Role-play Imagine one of you has just visited Pingyao.Role-play the conversation below
34、.Then continue the conversation using the expressions in the box.Expressing excitement,surprise,and disappointmentI had no idea I didnt know.I was eager/surprised to see/learn/hear that It was so much fun!Its so amazing that.It was a little disappointed.1.Choose one of Confucius famous sentence,and try to translate it into English.2.Write down more English idioms with your partner.3.Finish the relative exercises.
