1、Unit4 Adversity and Couragewordsadversity n.困境；逆境Cadversities,遇到逆境 meet with/encounter adversities adverse a.不利的;相反的;敌对的 ad-负前缀 -verse=turn adverse conditions 不利条件 adverse effect不良反应 由于天气恶劣，探险活动中止了。The expedition was abandoned because of adverse weather conditions.We must learn to meet adversity gra
2、cefully.in a dilemma 处于窘境处于窘境 in trouble 处于处于麻烦麻烦中中wage n.工资 vt.开展,进行 wage n.工资(短期,苦力)weekly/hourly wage 周薪/时薪 salary(长期,脑力)a job with a low salary低薪工作 wage a trade war with China与中国开展贸易战词语辨析：词语辨析：wage,income,pay 和和salary1.wage 通常指按周领取的工资、工钱；通常指按周领取的工资、工钱；2.income 指收入、收益、所得；指收入、收益、所得；3.pay 指工资、薪水；指工
3、资、薪水；4.salary 通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金bitter adj.味苦的;严寒的；激烈而不愉快的 记忆:bit-bit-bitten-biting bite a bitter gourd a bitter experience痛苦的经历 on a bitter cold winter morning shed bitter tears留下苦涩的泪水 After biting a bitter gourd,bitter tears of embarrassment streamed down his cheeks.吃了一根苦瓜后,尴尬的苦涩泪水从他脸颊流了下来
4、.As the saying goes,“A good medicine tastes bitter.”俗话说，“良药苦口”bitterly adv.痛苦地；愤恨地bitterness n.苦味；悲苦；痛苦expedition n.探险；远征；探险队 词根:ped-,pod-=foot,表示“脚”pedal vi.踩踏板；骑车 2.n.踏板；脚蹬子 go on an expedition to North pole去北极探险 同义词:exploration n.探险=geographic expedition Hes still hesitating about joining the exp
5、edition.他对于参加这次探险队仍犹豫不决。他对于参加这次探险队仍犹豫不决。endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力【U】endure vt.-dure 持续 during prep.在期间 durable a.耐用的 endure a great pain enduring a.持久的，能忍受的 endurable a.可忍受的，能持久的 unendurable 无法忍受的无法忍受的 beyond endurance 忍无可忍忍无可忍 show remarkable endurance 表现出非凡的忍耐力vigour(NAmE vigor)n.精力；力量；活动U be full of vi
6、gor 充满活力 vigorous a.有力的；精力充沛的be full of energy/vigour 精力充沛vigorous adj.充满活力的；强壮的=energeticturn sth.down 调低调低turn on/off 打开打开/关掉关掉turn out 结果是；证明是结果是；证明是turn to 求助于；翻到求助于；翻到turn in 上交；退还上交；退还turn over 翻身；翻转；移交翻身；翻转；移交turn sb.down 拒绝（某人）turn v.转弯 (单宾+系动词)n.弯 turn sb.down 拒绝(某人)turn down/up the TV 降低(调
7、高)电视的音量 turn to sb./sth.求助于某人，转向某物 turn in your homework交作业 turn on/off 打开/关闭按键 sb./sth.turn out(to be)原来是 it turns out+that 从句,原来.as it turned out,adv.事实证明quality n.质量 同根词:qualify词 v.使合格,限定 qualified adj.有资格的；具的知识 a qualified professor具有资历的教授 be highly qualified for the job 完全符合此工作的资格 be qualified
8、to do sth.有资格做某事 unqualified a.没有资历的 overqualified a.资历过高的 qualification n.合格证书，资格，学历 acquire a teaching qualification获得教师资格证 be qualified for sth有资格获得某物 Im writing to apply to join it,thinking that Im well qualified_for_the job.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 be enthusiastic about sth./sb 同根词:enthusiasm 热
9、忱(事业)Live with a passion生活要有热情enthusiastically adv.热情地enthusiasm n.热情；热忱enthusiast n.热心者，爱好者with(great)enthusiasm（非常）热情地full of enthusiasm 充满热情board n.木板；董事会；伙食 vt.上船（机）cupboard n.橱柜 board the plane上飞机 a boarding school寄宿学校 同根词:aboard adv.&prep.上(船/飞机/汽车等)go aboard(the plane)上飞机 易混词:abroad adv.国外地;到
10、国外 go abroad 去国外 both at home and abroad adv.国内外 abroad同根词 broad a.宽阔的 a broad smile/grin咧嘴笑 同根词:broaden v.使变宽 broaden ones horizonsassign vt.布置；分配（单宾/双宾/复合宾）assignment n.任务，作业 hand out/in ones assignment 布置/上交作业 handout n.(分发的)导学案 take on an assignment 承担一项任务 assign sb.sth.=assign sth.to sb.给某人分派某任
11、务/事物 assign sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事 He assigned me to be a steward,and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men,three times a day.On receiving the _(assign),we set out to work at once.On receiving the _(assign),we set out to work at once.一接到一接到任务，我们就立即开始工作。任务，我们就立即开始工作。assignmentassignmentsteward n.(轮船、飞
12、机或火车上的)乘务员；记忆:Stew-炖菜 ward 监护守卫管家-board 上的管家 同根词:stewardess 女乘务员 通用词:attendant 服务生envy n.&vt.羡慕；妒忌 词源:来自一种古老的巫术named“邪恶之眼”(evil eye)envy 七宗罪:anger嗔/pride傲/greed贪心/gluttony贪吃/sloth懒散/envy嫉妒/lust欲 同根词envious a.羡慕的 jealous a.嫉妒的 be the envy of sb/sth 成为.羡慕/忌妒的对象 He couldnt conceal his envy of me。他掩饰不住对
13、我的忌妒crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎单宾()n.拥挤的人群;迷恋的人 同义词:crash n.v.碰撞 a.速成的 car/plane crash pile-up crash course 同根词:crushing a.毁坏性的 crushed a.被压碎的 a crushing defeat 一次惨败 a crushing blow一次沉重的打击 crushed peanuts花生碎 have a crush on sb.(短暂的)迷恋某人(不熟识的人)和迷恋的对象约会对他来说是长久以来发生的最好的事情.Dating his crush has been the best thing
14、that ever happened to him since a long time ago.sink-sank/sunk-sunk下沉；vt.使下沉；n.洗碗池 sink into the sea沉入大海 I felt her nails sink into my wrist.我感觉她的指甲抠进了我的手腕里。She sank into the chair,not knowing what to do next.她颓然地倒在椅子上，不知道下一步做什么。sbs heart sinks My heart sank when I saw how much assignment I had left
15、.我看到我留下那么多任务，心顿时沉了下去。Watching the beautiful sinking sun,Mr.King was sunk in thought.看着美丽的落日，金先生陷入了沉思中。abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃(主动)词根:band-带子v.联合 a-负前缀-band联合-解开;放弃 abandon sb./(doing)sth遗弃某人/放弃(做)某物 abandon oneself to sth./be abandoned to sth.沉溺于某事 a teenager abandoned to the internet 沉迷网络的少年 Abandoned t
16、o online games,Peng Zijuns brother,the internet addict/abuser,didnt do any homework in the last monthly break.Soon,he became an abandoned child.沉溺于网络游戏无法自拔,彭子俊的弟弟这个网瘾君子上次月假没有做任何作业.很快,他就成为了一个被抛弃的孩纸.He abandoned himself to grief because of his wifes death.由于妻子的去世，他陷入了悲痛之中。n.放任；放纵with abandon 放纵地stove
17、n.炉具；厨房灶具blanket n.毯子 v.以厚层覆盖 a blanket of snow一层厚厚的雪 The ground was soon blanketed with snow.地面很快铺上了一层厚厚的积雪。belongings n.pl.财物；动产 personal belongings 个人财物 A sense of belonging 归属感 Belong vi.应被放在;属于(+to)(唔被动式)记忆:be-成为+long长久-想其成为长久拥有的东西 Where does the book belong?此书应归何处?Penguins belong to the bird f
18、amily,not amphibian.企鹅属于鸟科,而不是两栖类。Xinxing county belongs to Yunfu city.新兴县隶属云浮市。All his belongings were burnt in the fire.他所有的财物都在大火中付之一炬。同类表达：savings(积蓄），earnings(工资，），leavings(剩饭），surroundings(环境）。miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的 feel miserable 感觉痛苦（修饰人）a thoroughly miserable failure一个彻底可悲的失败（修饰物）miserably
19、 poor a.极度地贫困 同根词:misery n.痛苦，悲惨 make sbs life a misery v.让人痛苦 Put sb out of ones misery结束某人/动物的生命或消除疑虑miserably adv.痛苦地cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的navy n.海军；海军部队navy blue深蓝色decent adj.得体的;正派的;穿好衣服的 词根:dec-;dcor=beauty美;装饰 a decent job/salary/citizen perfectly decent a.非常体面 You need to learn to knock,what if so
20、meone is not decent?派生词:indecent conduct/photos下流的行为；淫秽的照片 decency n.体面 His behavior showed a total lack of common decency.他的举止显示他连起码的礼节都不懂。cosy=cozy adj.温馨的;舒适的 cosier,cosiest I felt warm and cosy sitting by the fire.坐在炉火旁，我感到又暖和又舒服。a cosy little room温馨的小房间(修饰物)feel cosy and warm感觉温暖舒适(修饰人)a cosy f
21、eeling 惬意的感觉selfish adj.自私的 selfishly adv.自私地 extremely selfish极度自私 selfishness n.自私 selfless a.无私的selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地temper n.脾气;性情 同根词:temperature good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的 a short/quick temper n.急性子 lose ones temper v.发脾气 fly into a temper勃然大怒genuine adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的 同根词:genius 真诚的人才能是天才 i
22、ngenuous(in内-genu产生-ous=出自内心的)smile天真无邪的笑容 a genuine painting of Picasso毕加索真迹 genuine gold/leather真金/皮 genuine concern for others 对他人真诚的关心 a very genuine person非常诚实可信的人genuinely adv.perseverance n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神 show great perseverance in the face of adversities面对逆境表现出极大毅力 with perseverance adv.坚持不懈地
23、 persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求(per始终+severe=始终诚恳=坚持不懈)persevere in/with ones study.坚持不懈地学习 persevere to the end vi.坚持到底The English teacher encouraged us to persevere in practicing our spoken English.英语老师鼓励我们坚持不懈地练习我们的英语口语。She persevered with her violin lessons.她孜孜不倦地学习小提琴。她孜孜不倦地学习小提琴。resolve vi.&vt.决定;决心;解决(
24、问题或困难)n.决心;坚定的信念resolve v 解决(困难)(re再+solve=再松开=解决)。dissolve v 溶解,分解(dis分开+solve=松开分散=溶解)absolute a 绝对的,无限制的(ab不+solute=决不松开=绝对的)resolve a problem解决问题 resolve to do sth.决心做某事 a fully resolved problem n.一个完全解决的问题 strengthen ones resolve v.坚定了决心Resolution n.resolution n.决议；解决；分辨率 resolute a.坚决的;果断的 a s
25、atisfactory resolution to the problem令人满意的解决方案 make a resolution to do sth.决定做某事 Influenced by my friends,I resolved to improve my spoken English.受朋友的影响，我决心提高我的英语口语。crew n.(轮船、飞机等)全体工作人员;一群人 None of the passengers and crew were injured.没有一个乘客和机组人员受伤。cruel adj.残酷的;残忍的:冷酷的 be cruel to.cruel truth/game
26、/king/eyes目光冷酷 cruelty n.残忍 loyalty/honesty cruelly adv.cruelty n.I cant stand people who are cruel to animals.我无法容忍虐待动物的人。我无法容忍虐待动物的人。thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的 a thorough cleaning大扫除 thoroughlyProfessor Zhang has a thorough knowledge of Tang poetry.张教授对唐诗了如指掌。furniture n.家具【U】furniture U n.家具a piece
27、/an item of furniture 一件家具a set of furniture 一套家具furnish v.为.配备家具be furnished with 配备着.unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地 fortunately adv.幸运地 fortune n.财富;运气 make a fortune发财 seek/try ones fortune碰运气fortune n.运气fortunate adj.幸运的unfortunate adj.不幸的fortunately adv.幸运地unfortunately adv.不幸地application n.申请;请求;应用
28、 同根词:apply v.申请;应用 applicant 申请人 appliance n.y用具;器械 domestic家用电器 apply for a job申请工作 apply sth.to sth.把.应用(涂抹)到.apply what we have learned to our daily life apply to sth/sb.适用于某事/人 apply to do sth.申请做某事bark vi.犬吠&n.(狗)吠叫；树皮rugby n.英式橄榄球运动 Football n.美式橄榄球 Soccer n.英式足球bat n.球拍；蝙蝠 vi.&vt.用球板击球；挥打 Bat
29、ter n击球手 damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的 n.v.潮湿 Wipe the surface with a damp cloth.用湿布擦表面。同义词:wet a.湿的 get wet soaking wet recreation n.娱乐；消遣；游戏CU improve facilities for leisure and recreation 改进休闲娱乐设施改进休闲娱乐设施同义词同义词entertainment/amusement/pastimeguidance n.指导；引导；导航 guide v.指导n.导游,向导 guideline指导方针 under ones guida
30、nce=under the guidance of 在在.的指导下的指导下 guide sb.around/to/through+sp.给某人领路给某人领路 _(guide)by the local farmer,we found the old house easily.Guidednephew n.侄子；外甥 niece n.侄女;外甥女 siblings 兄弟姐妹 advertise vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告 advertisement n.广告 commercial n.商业广告 advertising n.广告业 advertiser n.广告商人Our school is
31、advertising for an English teacher online.我们学校正在网上等广告要招聘一名英语老师。corporation n.(大)公司;社团 corporate a.公司的;共同的 corporate responsibility 共同的责任rough adj.粗糙的；粗野的;粗略的 rough track 凹凸不平的小径 hands/skin粗糙的手/皮肤 a rough sea 波涛汹涌的大海 undergo/go through a rough patch/time面临一个艰难的时期 a rough night不眠之夜 be rough on sb.对某人很
32、凶 a tough call艰难的决定roughly adv.粗暴地；粗糙地；大约，差不多treat sb./sth/roughly 粗暴地对待某人/某物roughly speaking 粗略地说navigator n.领航员；导航仪(飞机、船舶等)Navigation a.Navigate v.航行,导航Loyal(老友)adj.忠诚的；忠实的 Royal n.皇室的(讲究忠诚;血统纯正)Loyalty n.忠诚be loyal to sb/sth对.忠心motor n.(小)发动机；马达 adj.机动的,汽车的 Motorbike motorcycle an electric motor电
33、动机电动机give off 放出（热、光、气味或气体）与与give相关的短语汇总：相关的短语汇总：give in(to)（向（向.）让步，屈服于）让步，屈服于.give up(doing)sth.放弃（做）某事放弃（做）某事give away 泄露；赠送泄露；赠送give out 用完，耗尽；分发，散发用完，耗尽；分发，散发give way to.给给.让路；向让路；向.让步让步Fire n.火(灾)v.点火;射击;解雇 Make fire 生火 Set fire to,放火烧(be)on fire /catch fire着火put out a fire灭火灭火Off adv.prep.离开;
34、下 give off=to produce sth such as a smell,heat,light,etc.发出，放出（气味、热、光等）The wood gave off a sweet,perfumed smell as it burned.木头燃烧时散发出甜甜的香味。Some high school boys often give off an unpleasant and moudly odor/od/in summer 一些高中男生在夏天经常会散发出一股难闻的发霉的气味。episode n.(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；一集 Watch next weeks thrilli
35、ng episode!请收看下周扣人心弦的一集！commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献 Make a commitment(to.)做出承诺 同根词:commit(com一起mit发送)vt.犯(罪);vi&vt使承担义务；使做出保证；许诺：1Commit a crime/error/suicide 犯罪/错/自杀 2Commit sb.to(doing)sth.使.承担责任 The government must commit itself to improving health care.政府必须致力于改善医疗保健服务水平 Commit oneself to=be committed
36、to sth.致力于,全心奉献=be dedicated/devoted to Commit sb.to do sth.承诺某人做某事 Both sides committed themselves to settle the dispute peacefully.双方承诺和平解决争端。motive n.动机；原因；目的 派生词:motivate vt.刺激；使有动机；激发的积极性 motivation n.动力 Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge.考试不能促使学生去追求更多的知识。a highly mot
37、ivated student学习积极性很高的学生the motive for(doing)sth.（做）某事的动机Driven by heaven-knows-what motives,he determines to write a book.在天知道什么动机的驱使下，他决定写一本书。Confucianism n.孔子学说；儒家(学说)Confucian a.儒家的;孔子的 n.孔门弟子;儒家 confucian culture 儒家文化 Confucian Temple 孔庙 Confucius 孔子Practice1.(2020全国I卷）They are qualified _ the
38、marathon.for2.(2019天津二考）Touched by their _(enthusiasm)expression of affection,Marby thanked them all.3.(2016全国II卷）As writer Carolin Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance,adventures was even a _(thorough)commercial effort.4.(2018浙江一考）It was so fortunate _(see)m
39、y friends again.5.(2020全国III卷）The vocabulary and grammar of the plot need to be adjusted,and we also need your _(guide)on our performance.forenthusiasticthoroughlyto seeguidancePractice6.(2017江苏卷完形）With a _(sink)feeling,he realized he actually enjoyed doing it.7.(2017全国III卷阅读）However,these plans _(a
40、bandon)because of financial problems.8.(2017全国I卷阅读）Lockers are available to store any _(belong)during your visit.9.(2019全国II卷完形）A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one _(advertise)as lost in the local paper.10.(2019天津二考完形）Erin had gone beyongd what almost anyone would have done,finding my
41、house on a _(bitter)cold night.and for that I was extremely grateful.sinkingwere abandonedbelongsadvertisedbitterly词汇复习 1.adversity n.困境；逆境 in adversity 在逆境中 2.wage n.工资；报酬=pay/salary/income/earning(薪水；收入)3.bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 bitterly adv.苦涩地；悲痛地；极其；非常 bitterness n.苦味；苦难；怨恨 bittersweet adj.苦
42、乐参半的；又苦又甜的 4.endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力 endure v.持续存在，持久；忍受；忍耐 endurable adj.能忍耐的；可忍受的；beyond endurance 无法忍受 cant endure/stand doing sth 不能忍受干某事 5.vigour n.精力；力量；活力=energy vigorous adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的 6.turn sb.down 拒绝（某人）turn down 减小；关小；调低；拒绝 turn的相关短语 turn up 出现;露面；调大音量 turn on 打开 turn off关上 turn to 转向；向.寻求帮
43、助 ；翻书翻到页 turn out（to be）结果证明是 turn around 转身 turn into 变成 7.qualified adj.符合资格；具备的知识 qualify v.使具有资格；胜任；符合 qualification n.资格；学历；资历 be qualified for 有的资格；可胜任 be qualified to do 有资格做某事 8.aboard adv&prep 上（船，飞机，汽车等）board v.登上 n.板，甲板 abroad adv.国外地 at home and abroad 国内外9.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 enthu
44、siasm n.热情；激情；积极性 enthusiast n.热衷者；爱好者；狂热者 enthusiastically adv.热心地；满腔热情地 be enthusiastic about 对.热情 with enthusiasm 热情地10.assign v.分派；布置；分配 assignment n.作业；任务 assign sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事 assign sb sth=assign sth to sb 给某人分派.11.steward n.乘务员；服务员 stewardess n.空姐；女服务员 例：host-hostess waiter-waitress ac
45、tor-actress prince-princess 12 envy n./v.羡慕；妒忌(pl.envies 三单：envies)(envied-envied)envious adj.羡慕的；嫉妒的 out of envy 出于嫉妒 13.sink v.沉没；下沉；下降；使下沉(sank-sunk)sink into 陷入 we sank into our seats.我们瘫坐在座位上。He sank into anger.他陷入愤怒中。14.abandon v.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 =give up/quit abandon doing sth.放弃做某事 abandon oneself t
46、o 沉湎于 abandon oneself to despair 陷入绝望 15.belongings n.财物；动产 belong v.属于 belong to 属于（无进行时和被动语态）16.miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的 miserably adv.痛苦地 misery n.痛苦；苦难；穷困；悲惨境遇17.decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的；像样的 decently adv.合适地；高雅地；正派地 decency n.正派；体面；庄重 a decent meal/job/place to live 相当不错的饭菜/工作/住所18.cosy adj.温馨的；舒
47、适的=comfortable19.selfish adj.自私的 selfishly adv.自私地 selfishness n.自私自利；自我中心；任性 selfless adj.无私的 selflessly adv.无私地；忘我的 selflessness n.无私；忘我20.genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 =sincere/honest genuinely adv.真诚地；诚实地 =sincerely/honestly21.perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神persevere v.坚持；孜孜以求22.resolve v.决定；决心；解决 n.决心；
48、坚定的信念resolve on sth/doing sth;resolve an issue/a crisisresolution n.决议；解决；坚定 翻译：什么也不能削弱他继续下去的决心。Nothing could weaken his resolve to continue.23.cruel adj.残酷的，残忍的 cruelly adv.残酷地cruelty n.残忍，残酷be cruel to24.thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的 thoroughly adv.彻底地；完全地=completely25.furniture n.家具【U】furnish v.为.配备家具
49、，提供.a piece of furniture 一件家具 furnished adj.配备家具的 be furnished with.配备有.26.unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地 fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的 fortunately adv.幸运地 fortune n.时运；命运；好运；财富 misfortune n.厄运；不幸27.damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的 damply adv.潮湿地 dampness n.潮湿；湿气28.recreation n.娱乐；消遣；游戏 =entertainment/pleasure/amusement recrea
50、te v.再创造；娱乐；消遣 recreation center 娱乐中心29.guidance n.指导；引导；导航guide v.带领；引导；指导 n.指南；手册；导游；向导 under the guidance of sb.=under ones guidance 在某人的指导下30.nephew n.侄子；外甥 niece n.侄女；外甥女31.advertising n.广告活动；广告业 advertise v.公布；宣传；做广告 advertiser n.广告商 advertisement n.广告(ad)advertise for 登广告征求；登广告招聘32.corporate
