1、1.adversity n.困境；逆境困境；逆境 adverse adj.不利的不利的/有害有害的的(=unfavorable)2.salary 对专业工作所支付的薪金，以对专业工作所支付的薪金，以年、月年、月等较长时间为单位支付；等较长时间为单位支付；wage 针对针对简单的劳动或体力简单的劳动或体力劳动，以劳动，以小时、日、周小时、日、周等单位支付等单位支付；pay 薪金和工资的薪金和工资的统称统称eg Whats your as a middle school teacher now?Building workers usually get their by the hour.Her j
2、ob is hard,but the is good.salarywages pay3.bitter adj.严寒的；味苦的严寒的；味苦的 bitterly adv.痛苦地痛苦地bitter cold 严寒严寒 bitter wind 寒风寒风 bitter smile 苦笑苦笑 形近：形近：bite v.咬；叮；蛰（咬；叮；蛰（bit-bitten)4.endurance n.忍耐力忍耐力 endure v.忍耐忍耐/忍受忍受beyond endurance 忍无可忍忍无可忍 an endurance test 耐力测试耐力测试cant endure doing/to do 不能忍受做某事不
3、能忍受做某事eg：他不能忍受被欺骗。：他不能忍受被欺骗。He cant endure being cheated.He cant endure to be cheated.5.vigour n.精力精力 vigorous adj.充满活力充满活力/精力充沛的精力充沛的同义词：energetic=dynamic adj.充满活力充满活力/精力充沛的精力充沛的 eg:A deeep-rooted tree is leafy;an ambitious man is vigorous.6.turn down 拒绝(=reject=refuse=decline)；调小(音量)turn to 求助于；求助
4、于；翻到翻到(书的某页书的某页)；转向转向turn up 出现出现，露面露面(=show up)；调大；调大turn out 证明是；证明是；结果是结果是turn off 关掉关掉(电源等电源等)turn on 打开打开(开关开关)If you turn to Page 40,you will find it.While in trouble,you can turn to her for help.He didnt turn up at the meeting until half past ten.Your father is working,so please turn down the
5、 TV a little.7qualified adj.符合资格；具备的知识(或技能、学历等)qualify vt.使具有资格使具有资格 qualification n.资格；资格；资历资历be qualified for sth.具有做具有做.的资格的资格/资历；能胜任。资历；能胜任。be qualified to do sth.有资格做某有资格做某事事have the qualification for sth/to do 有做某有做某事的事的资格资格单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)All the colleagues consider him to be a very _(qualify)
6、teacher in this school.(2)Many people think Mr Li is quite qualified _(be)headmaster of this school.(3)She graduated from a university and I think she is qualified _ this position.(5)His wife has the _ _(qualify)for lawyer,but she is now working in a company.qualifiedto beforqualifications8enthusias
7、tic adj.热情的；热心的 enthusiastically adv.热热情地地（=with enthusiasm）enthusiasm n.热情热情；热衷热衷 be enthusiastic about对对热情热情/感兴趣感兴趣be full of enthusiasm充满热情充满热情单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)Hes always been very enthusiastic _ sports.(2)Today,I am just as _(enthusiasm)about my job as the day I first started.(3)Every day,she work
8、s _(enthusiastical).enthusiasticenthusiasticallyabout9aboard prep.&adv.上上(船、火车、飞机等船、火车、飞机等)go aboard 上上船船形近字：形近字：abroad adv.在国外，到国外在国外，到国外 go abroad 出国出国 at home and abroad 国内外国内外 board vi.&vt.上船上船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；vi.寄宿；寄宿；n.木板木板;董事会；委员会；伙食董事会；委员会；伙食 broad adj.广阔的，宽阔的；广泛的；概括的广阔的，宽阔的；广泛的；概括的【
9、语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)They waved goodbye to him as he went _ the ship.2)There was a“For Sale”_ outside the house.3)She often goes _ on business.4)He was six feet tall,with _ shoulders.aboardboardabroadbroad10assign vt.分派；布置；分配 assignment n.(分配的分配的)工作工作/任务任务assign sb.sth.assign sth.to sb.分配某物给某人分配某物给某
10、人assign sb as.指派某人指派某人担任担任assign sb.to do sth.指定指定/安排某人做某事安排某人做某事老师给我们每个人分配了不同的任务。The teacher assigned each of us a different task.The teacher assigned a different task to each of the us.我们被分配了不同的任务。We were assigned different tasks.11.envy n./vt.羡慕；嫉妒羡慕；嫉妒 envious adj.羡慕的羡慕的（=jealous adj.羡慕的；嫉妒的）羡慕的
11、；嫉妒的）enviously adv.羡慕地；嫉妒地（羡慕地；嫉妒地（=with envy）the envy of sb 某人羡慕的对象某人羡慕的对象envy sb for sth 因某事而羡慕某人因某事而羡慕某人out of envy 出于嫉妒出于嫉妒 The teachers praise makes him the envy of the other kids.People cant help envying them for their salary and lifestyle.He looked at his friends new car (羡慕地羡慕地).enviously/wi
12、th envy .12.sink vi.沉没；下沉沉没；下沉；下降；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没使下沉；使沉没（sank-sunk;sunk-sunk）the sinking sun 落日落日with a sinking feeling 有一种沉沦的感觉有一种沉沦的感觉was sunk in thought=was lost in thought 陷入沉思陷入沉思sink into poverty 陷入贫困中陷入贫困中Their sailboat struck a rock and began to sink.13abandon vt.放弃；舍弃；抛弃 abandoned adj.被抛弃的；被遗
13、弃的被抛弃的；被遗弃的abandon doing sth 放弃做某事放弃做某事abandon oneself to 沉湎于（某种感情）沉湎于（某种感情）an abandoned child 被遗弃的孩子被遗弃的孩子【语境助记】【语境助记】The child was abandoned by his parents.Eventually the abandoned boy was found wandering in the street，abandoning himself to despair（绝望）（绝望）.abandon写出下列句子中画线部分精准的汉语释义。写出下列句子中画线部分精准的汉
14、语释义。1.The match was abandoned because of bad weather._2.The search for the missing sailors was abandoned after two days._3.Fearing further attacks,most of the population had abandoned the city._4.A shared bike is left abandoned at a bus stop._adj 被被遗弃的遗弃的放弃放弃 /终止终止离弃离弃取消取消14belongings n.pl.财物；动产 bel
15、ong v.属于属于;是。的成员；适应；合得来是。的成员；适应；合得来sense of belonging 归属感归属感personal belongings 私人私人财财物物belong to 属于属于，无被动语态，也不用于进行时无被动语态，也不用于进行时，常用，常用现在分词作定语现在分词作定语。单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)China is a country _ (belong)to the third world.(2)As we know,lions _(belong)to the cat family.(3)On the train all her belongings _(ste
16、al)last week.(4)That red car belongs _ Miss Li.belongingbelongtowere stolen常用复数形式的名词：常用复数形式的名词：belongings earnings findings savings goods woods tears ruins congratulations surroundings instructions 财物财物 薪水薪水 研究结果研究结果积蓄积蓄 货物货物 树林树林泪水泪水 废墟废墟 祝贺祝贺 环境环境 指示；说明指示；说明15.miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的痛苦的；令人难受的 mise
17、rablely adv.痛苦地；非常难受地痛苦地；非常难受地 misery n.痛苦痛苦;不幸；苦恼不幸；苦恼16.decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的相当不错的；正派的；得体的 decently adv.正派地；得体地正派地；得体地17.selfish adj.自私的自私的 selfishly adv.自私地自私地 selfless adj.无私无私的的 selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地无私地；忘我地 It is selfish of sb to do sth.做某事是自私的做某事是自私的18.genuine adj.真正的真正的(=real=true)；真诚的；真诚
18、的(=sincere)；形近词：形近词：genius n.天才天才反义词：反义词：fake adj.假的假的 n.假货假货19.perseverance n.毅力；不屈不挠的精神毅力；不屈不挠的精神 perseverant adj.不屈不挠的；锲而不舍的不屈不挠的；锲而不舍的persevere v.坚持；坚忍坚持；坚忍20resolve v.解决；解答；决心；决定解决；解答；决心；决定 n.决心；坚定的信念 resolution n.决议；解决；坚定决议；解决；坚定resolve to do sth.决定做某事决定做某事resolve on（doing）sth.决定做某事决定做某事单句语法填空
19、单句语法填空(1)They made a firm resolve _(set)up a company of their own to realize their dream.(2)He has already resolved on _(ask)Mary for marriage.(34)They havent found a proper _ (resolve)to that problem.to setresolutionasking“解决解决”的表达方式有：的表达方式有：solve v.解决解决（solution n.解决方案）解决方案）settle v.解决解决 address v
20、.解决解决 work out 解决解决;计算出计算出 figure out 解决解决;计算出；弄明白计算出；弄明白 tackle v.解决；处理解决；处理handle v.处理处理 deal with 处理处理;应对应对 21cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 cruelly adv.残酷地；非常地残酷地；非常地 cruelty n.残酷；残酷；残忍残忍it is cruel to do sth.做某事是残忍的做某事是残忍的be cruel to sb.对某人残酷对某人残酷选用选用cruel,cruellycruel,cruelly或或crueltycruelty填空填空(1)I ca
21、nt stand people who are _ to animals.(2)So _ is the man that he never shows any mercy(仁慈)to whoever is against his opinion.(3)Their beautiful dream was broken _.(4)You will answer for（因。而受罚）your _ to the people around you.cruelcruelcrueltycruelly22thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的 thoroughly adv.彻底地；完全地彻底地；完
22、全地 I am thoroughly confused.【易【易混辨析】混辨析】thorough though through thought adj.深入的；彻底的深入的；彻底的conj.虽然；尽管虽然；尽管prep.穿过；通过穿过；通过n.思想，也是思想，也是think的过去式及过去分词形式的过去式及过去分词形式23furniture un.家具家具(不可数，没有复数不可数，没有复数)furnish v.为。配备家具；提供为。配备家具；提供 furnished adj.配备家具的配备家具的 a set of furniture 一套家具一套家具 a piece of furniture 一
23、件家具一件家具 be furnished with 配备着。配备着。His room is only furnished with a desk,a chair and a bed.24unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地fortunately adv.幸运地幸运地 fortunate adj.幸运的幸运的unfortunate adj.不幸不幸的的 fortune n.运气；财富运气；财富单句语法填空单句语法填空1）_（fortunate），after six years hard work，he founded his own company.2）_（unfortunate）
24、，his father died，leaving the whole family even poorer.3）He felt _（fortune）that the interviewer spoke highly of him during the interview.4）I was fortunate _（enjoy）such attractive scenery in your hometown.FortunatelyUnfortunatelyfortunateto enjoy25application n.应用；申请；应用程序；敷用 applicant n.申请人申请人 apply v
25、t.应用应用；申请申请;涂抹涂抹apply for sth.申请某物申请某物apply to sb.for sth.向某人申请某物向某人申请某物be applied to 适用于；应用于适用于；应用于apply sth.to将某物涂抹于将某物涂抹于apply oneself to致力于致力于The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology.单句语法填空单句语法填空1)So far,more than one hundred people have applied _ this positi
26、on.2)This new medicine can be applied to _ _(treat)COVID-193)His grandfather has applied _(he)to teaching all his life.4)Twenty _ (apply)have asked for this job,so you are lucky to have been admitted.5)You ought to hand in your _ by the end of this month if you want this job.forhimselfapplicationtre
27、atingapplicants26recreation n.娱乐，消遣(不可数不可数)；娱乐活动；娱乐活动(可数可数)；游戏recreational adj.娱乐的；消遣的娱乐的；消遣的There are all kinds of _(recreation)in our school when school is over.recreations27guidance n.指导，引导；导航 guide n.指南指南；导游；导游vt.给某人领路给某人领路,指导指导/引引A tour guide 导游导游seek guidance from sb.向某人寻求指导向某人寻求指导under ones g
28、uidanceunder the guidance of sb.在某人的指导下在某人的指导下You can seek guidance from Professor Wang if you are not sure in your work.28advertising n.广告活动；广告业 advertise vt.做广告做广告 advertiser n.登广告者；广告商登广告者；广告商 advertisement n.广告广告advertise for 征聘；征聘；为。而登广告为。而登广告an advertising brochure/campaign 广告宣传手册广告宣传手册/活动活动We
29、 are currently advertising _ a new sales manager.for29.rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 roughly adv.大约；大致；差不多大约；大致；差不多 roughly speaking 粗略地说粗略地说 rough ground 高低不平的地面高低不平的地面 形近形近:tough adj.困难的（困难的（hard）；粗暴的；强硬的；坚韧的）；粗暴的；强硬的；坚韧的30.navigator n.领航员；航行者领航员；航行者 navigate v.领航，航行领航，航行 navigation n.航行航行31.lo
30、yal adj.忠诚的忠诚的 loyalty n.忠诚忠诚 be loyal to sb 对某人忠诚对某人忠诚 32.Confucianism n.孔子学说；儒家学说孔子学说；儒家学说 Confucius n.孔子孔子33make fire 生火生火fire 短语短语:catch fire 着火（动作）着火（动作）be on fire 着火（状态）着火（状态）put out a fire 灭火灭火set sth on fire纵火；使着火纵火；使着火 set fire to sth 放火烧。放火烧。The explorers made a fire to keep off wild anima
31、ls.The basement cant catch fire byitself;someone must set fire it.to 34give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)give away 赠送；赠送；分发分发；泄露；泄露give out 发出光发出光/热热/信号信号;分发分发；耗尽耗尽,用光用光give back 归还；归还；送回送回give in 屈服；让步屈服；让步give up 放弃放弃完成句子完成句子1)It isnt mine;I must give it _ to the owner.2)The English teacher gave _ the examina
32、tion papers at 7:503)I cant answer that puzzle;I give _.backout/awayup/in35commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献 committed adj.忠诚的；坚定的忠诚的；坚定的(1)commit vt.做做（错误的事错误的事、坏事坏事），犯罪），犯罪commit a mistake犯错误犯错误 commit a crime犯罪犯罪commit suicide自杀自杀(2)commit vt.承诺承诺，投入，投入commit oneself to doing sth.承诺保证承诺保证/专心做某事专心做某事=be commi
33、tted to doing sth Achieving success at this level requires a commitment of time and energy.36motive n.动机；目的；原因 motivate v.使有动机；激发积极性；刺激（使有动机；激发积极性；刺激（stimulate）a motive for(doing)sth.做某事的动机做某事的动机It is unclear what the motive for her coming was.37sign up 注册；签名；报名 sign up for sth.报名参加某项活动报名参加某项活动Whoever wants to go there must sign up here.Can you tell me where to sign up for travelling?
