1、Grammar Infinitive 不定式 1. 构成及特征 动词不定式有两种形式： to + 动词原形 动词原形 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句 子中不能作谓语。 2. 动词不定式的时态和语态 主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式 基本用法基本用法 一一 般般 式式 To do To be done 一般情况或未来发生 的动作或状态 完完 成成 式式 To have done To have been done 表示动作发生在谓语 动词的动作之前 进进 行行 式式 To be doing 表示动作与谓语动词 的动作同时发生 动词不定式的时态动词不定式的
2、时态 1. I opened the door to enter the room. 2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. . 一般式一般式( to do ). 一般情况或未来 发生的动作或状 态 .进行式进行式( to be doing) 1. I am very glad to be working with you. 2. He is said to be coming. 表示动作与谓语动 词的动作同时发生 动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态 动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时
3、态 .完成式（完成式（to have done) 1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith. 表示动作发生 在谓语动词的 动作之前 动词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态 .主动式主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done) 1. We want to learn English well. 2.Robert is said_abroad, but I didnt know what country
4、 he studied in.(NMET99) A.to have studied B.to study C. made D. to make 当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的 动作的执行者时动作的执行者时. 动词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态 .被动式被动式( to be done / to have been done) 1. He didnt like to be laughed at. 2. He claimed _in the supper
5、 market when he was doing shopping yesterday.（上海（上海98） A.being badly treated B.treating badly C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated. 当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示 的动作的承受者时的动作的承受者时. 动 词 不 定 式 动 词 不 定 式 句 法 成 分 To do that sort of thing is foolish。 I want to see you th
6、is evening. All you have to do is to finish it quickly. We found a house to live in. She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补 作主语作主语 To master a foreign language is really important nowadays. To give up smoking is r
7、ight. 1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。 2. 放弃吸烟是对的。放弃吸烟是对的。 不定式短语作主语常用不定式短语作主语常用it先行词作形式主先行词作形式主 语，而把不定式短语后置，以避免句子语，而把不定式短语后置，以避免句子 结构头重脚轻。结构头重脚轻。 学会一门外语是不容易的。学会一门外语是不容易的。 It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 开快车是很危险的。开快车是很危险的。 It is dangerous to drive very fast. It took a very long time to carv
8、e a page for a book. 刻一页书要花很长时间。刻一页书要花很长时间。 注：在it先行词作主语的句型中常用for sb或of sb作不定式的逻辑主语， 1.for sb句型中通常用表示客观情况的形 容词。这样的形容词有： Easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, necessary, interesting等 2. of sb句型中一般用表示主观感情或态 度的形容词。如： Good, kind, nice, wise, clever, foolish, right, wrong, careful, polite等 Exe
9、rcise It is very kind you to help us. It is important us to express our opinions. It is difficult us to finish the work in such a short time. It is impolite him to say so. for of of for 作宾语作宾语 Like, want, try, wish, begin, decide, ask, forget, pr
10、omise, offer, expect, agree, pretend, prepare, prefer, continue, mean 等 1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。 Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job. 2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。他答应不告述任何人这事。 He promised not to tell anyone about it. 不定式常在某些动词后作宾语。常 用动词有： 作表语作表语 作表语的不定式往往说明主语的内容。主作表语的不定式往往说明主语
11、的内容。主 语通常是：语通常是： Hope, idea, job, plan, wish等等(常在常在be, seem, remain, appear等动词后等动词后) 1. 我的工作是教英语。我的工作是教英语。 My job is to teach English. 2. 眼见为实。眼见为实。 To see is to believe. 作定语作定语 Do you have anything to say? 1. 你有什么要说的吗你有什么要说的吗? 2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人是第一个知道这真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truth 不定式
12、作定语要放在被修饰的 名词或代词之后。 注：如果不定式是不及物动词，后面要跟 相应的介词 He is looking for a room to live in. 他正在找一间住房。 Please lend me something to write with. 请借给我写字用的东西 Please pass me some paper to write on. 请递给我一些写字的纸 作状语作状语 He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. They jumped with joy to hear the news. Im too tired
13、to walk any further tonight. 目的状语目的状语. 原因状语原因状语. 结果状语结果状语 不定式作状语表示目的、结果 、原因等。 作宾补作宾补 1. 她叫我呆在这儿。 She asked me to stay there. 2.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you. 常用在下列动词后作宾语补足语： Love, teach, tell, get, invite, beg, force, allow, wish, want, like, prefer, persuad
14、e, advise, cause, request, require, order, expect, forbid等 注意注意 A.有些动词后面的不定式有些动词后面的不定式不带不带to，Make, let, have, hear, watch, see, notice, feel等等 I heard them sing a pop song . The teacher made me answer the question. We watched them play football . 注：这种句型谓语动词变为被动结 构时to不能省。 He heard someone come up the
15、 stair. 他听见有人上楼了. 听见有人上楼了 Someone was heard to come up the stairs. 注意注意 B. 动词不定式的否定式只须在动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加前加 not. My father decided not to take up the job. The teacher told us not to be late again. 注意注意 C. 带疑问词的动词不定式在带疑问词的动词不定式在to 前加疑问词前加疑问词。 Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer. Can you tell me where to get the book? 注意注意 D. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时， 动词不定式常常省去动词不定式常常省去to 后面后面的动词，的动词， 只只保留保留to 。 A:Would you like to come to my party? Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike). B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party). Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。
