1、【通用版】高考英语阅读理解技巧提升详解版，必备！一专题知识梳理知识点1：答案的十个特征：1、 体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是答案；2、 照抄原文的不是答案，同义替换的是答案；3、 含义不肯定的是答案，如：can could may usually might most more or less relatively be likely to含义绝对的不是答案： must always never the most all any none entirely含义相反的是答案；4、 具体的不是答案，概括性的、抽象的是答案；5、 带有some的是答案：someone somebody someti
2、me something certain；6、 简单的不是答案，复杂的是答案，字面意思不是答案，含义深刻的是答案；7、 带虚词的是答案：another other more either both also beside additional extra different same particular nearly not enough 8、 “变化”是答案：change delay improve postpone increase9、 “重要的、基础的”是答案：important necessity essential basis be based on10、 二选一：反义项有答案；形
3、似项有答案；近义项有答案。知识点2：阅读题的四种题型及其命题思路1、 主旨题中心思想 Main idea what is the main idea / point of this passage? Main topic what is the main topic / subject / title? Purpose what is the authors main purpose in the passage?对策：答案多在文章的首句或末句；答案：多为概括性的选项2、 细节性问题 Accroding考查对文章内容的掌握，如：时间、地点、事件等细节问题。对策：利用题目中的关键词找文章中的对应
4、词，在对应词的周围寻找答案。 Number考查对文章中数字的掌握，1） 运算型：通过简单的四则运算求答案。对策：原始数据不是答案。2） 多选一型：文中出现多个时间或数字，对应不同的事物，考其中的一个。对策：对号入座。3） 范围型 Except题型即三缺一型，要求选出一个不符合文章内容的选项。 Which题型对策：这两种主要考并列句、列举句3、 推断型问题命题包括以下动词：infer, imply, suggest, conclude, assume.对策： 根据文中的关键词、短语、结构进行推断；通过阅读某段或几段内容；注意：要根据文中内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测。4、 词汇型问题 考查熟词偏义或
5、在特定场合具体的词义；对策：常见含义不是答案 生词的含义推断对策：根据上下文判断其合理的词义才是唯一的出路。总结：常见的命题思路：l 文章的中心、段落的中心l 指代关系make gains make a profitl 因果关系 正因果关系文中A导致B，问题：有了B这一结果，为什么，答案是A 反因果关系文中A具有X特性，B与A不同，问，B有何特点，答案是非X特性。或A B， 考非A 非B知识点3：文章的十大考点1、 列举处常考 细节题，特别是Which型和Except型；2、 转折处和对比处常考：However, but, yet, in fact, although, 转折：unlike,
6、until, however, but等；3、 例子常考 推断题和细节题：as, such as, for example, for instance, i.e. etc. 4、 数字和年代常考：文中的数字、年代和日期常常是命题的重点；5、 最高级和绝对性词汇常考 答案具有唯一性：must, all, only, anyone, always, never,或most, first；6、 专有名词常考：人名、地名等专有名词；7、 细节处常考 细节题：同位语，插入语，定语，长句的后半句，从句，副词，介词，不定式；8、 因果句常考 推断题：因果连词：because, since, for, as,
7、 therefore, so, consequently etc.因果动词：cause, result in，originate from, etc.因果名词：base, basis, result, consequence. etc.9、 段落中心句常考 主题题和细节题：段首句和文尾句往往是作者表达中心思想和进行总结综述之处；10、 特殊标点常考 细节题：破折号、括号、冒号表示解释，引号表示引用。二专题精讲例列举处，因果关系1：最高级举处转折处Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors(流星) but also becaus
8、e of rays from sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet rays penetrate the atmosphere. Cosmic rays of various
9、 kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.Rad
10、iation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage a person may feel perfectly well, but not cells of his sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of (deformed. children or even
11、grandchildren).长句后半句Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but not really effective ones have been found so far. At present, radiation seems to be the greatest physical hazard to space travelers but it is impossible to say just how serious the hazard will turn out to be in the fu
12、ture.转折，长句后半句1. According to the passage, without atmosphere A. spaceships can never be shot into spaceB. sunlight cant reach the earth （具体不是答案）C. plants can produce varied foodD. our environment would be intolerable（概括是答案，含义相反的是答案）2. When men spend long period in space they will protect themselves
13、by A. taking special drugsB. wearing special suits（替换spacesuits是答案）C. using a protective blanketD. no solution has been found yet3.The greatest danger to men in space is A. meteors B. weightlessnessC. radiation D. magnetic force4. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?A.
14、the grandchildren of astronauts are deformedB. the children of astronauts have damaged sex organsC. radiation damage may show only in later generations（may是答案）D. radiation does not seem to be very harmful5. Radiation is dangerous to men, A. but we dont know exactly how dangerous it is B. but only in
15、 space （替换是答案）C. so we should build up our healthD. and we can do nothing about it at the present time 例列举处，因果关系2：Every day, we are all influenced by the mass media. Although some critics of the media claim that these means of communication are used mainly to control our thinking and get us to buy p
16、roducts that we dont need, the media also contribute to keeping people informed. In other words, while dangers do exist, the benefits of the media far outweigh the disadvantages. Most of the messages brought to viewers, listeners, and readers are designed either to inform or to entertain, and neithe
17、r of these goals can be considered dangerous or harmful.举例，长句If consumers of the media could be taught at an early age to examine messages critically, i.e. to think carefully about what is being communicated, they would be able to take advantage of the information and enjoy the entertainment without
18、 being hurt by it. The key to critical thinking is recognizing the purposes of the news or scriptwriters, the advertisers, and so on. Are both sides of an issue being presented? Is the amount of violence and killing shown necessary to the point of a story? Have enough facts about a product being adv
19、ertised been presented?因果，列举，长句后半句Besides, in a country with a democratic form of government, the people can be kept informed by the mass media. To be able to express their views and vote intelligently, citizens need the opportunity to hear news, opinions, and public affairs programming. Information
20、 about current events is presented in depth on publicly funded TV channels and radio stations as well as in newspapers. In addition, the public broadcasting media can help viewers and listeners to complete or further their education.The media also give people the information they need in their daily
21、 lives and the media can be a valuable means of educating the public. Even though the media can be misused, most of their effects are positive.1. The main point the writer tries to make in this text is that A. Advertising is harmful when it presents incorrect information.B. The positive effects of t
22、he mass media outweigh the negative ones.（概括是答案）C. People should learn to take advantage of the medias benefits.D. TV is more useful as a means of entertainment than as a means of providing information.2. What should consumers of the mass media be taught at an early age?A .To bring their imagination
23、 into full play when watching programs of low quality.B. To buy products advertised so that the demand increases.C .To turn off the TV set when hurt by bad programs.D.To think carefully about the messages brought to them.（替换是答案）3. We can learn from paragraph 3 that citizens will be in a better posit
24、ion to express their views and make their choices if they are A. Highly educated through TV and radio.B. Well protected by the governmentC. Highly paid by the employersD. Well informed by the media（概括是答案）4. The underlined phrase “in depth” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by A.Thoroughly（句义，词形）
25、B. PartlyC.RelativelyD.Simply知识点1：高考试卷中常见题型的特点及解题要点 1. 细节判断题以原文中某一句话或某一个短语为入手点，考查学生对细节的理解。做这类题目时，应关注选项和原句的细微差别，选择与原文意思和所问问题都相符的答案。例1：原文：A bite from Australias inland taipan, the worlds most poisonous snake, releases enough poison to kill 100 men. The good news is that people rarely come in contact w
26、ith this snake, and a treatment for its poison exists.问题：66. According to this article, what is a particular feature of the king cobra? A. Its seasonal changes. B. Its lack of movement. C. Its sense of hearing. D. Its remarkable size.解析：关键词定位king cobra，因此答案为D。例2：原文：The black mamba, a native of Afric
27、a, is actually olive or grey in color. Only the inside of its mouth is black. When black mambas feel threatened by a human, they make a loud hissing sound to warn the person away. If the warning is ignored, the snake will attack the person repeatedly. And they can attack quickly, moving over the gro
28、und at speeds of up to 20 kilometers per hour.问题：67. According to this article, which of the following is known for its speed? A. The inland taipan. B. The black mamba. C. The Indian krait. D. The Russells viper.解析：最后一句指出了蛇的爬行速度，和题目的speed意思相同，因此答案为B。例3：原文：The research carried out by the University o
29、f Bari in Italy could help clarify hospitals who are charged with wasting money on art and decoration as it suggests a pleasant environment helps patients overcome discomfort and pain. 问题：74. According to the first paragraph, people didnt approve_. A. hospitals spend money on medical equipment B. ho
30、spitals decorate their rooms with works of art C. hospitals make their environment pleasant to patients D. hospitals treat patients with works of art解析：根据第一段，didnt approve与 are charged with意义相同，因此答案为B。例4：原文：Jane Austen once compared her writing to painting on a little bit of ivory（象牙）, two inches sq
31、uare. Readers of Persuasion will see that neither her skill of delicate, ironic(讽刺的) observations on social custom, love, and marriage nor her ability to apply a sharp focus to English manners and morals has abandoned her in her final finished work.问题：67.Which of the following CANNOT describe Janes
32、writing style?A. Her application of symbolism.B. Her delicate observations.C. Her focus on manners and morals.D. Her use of irony.解析：根据文意，只有A项不是她的写作风格。2. 单词释义或句意解释题要求考生以上下文内容为参考，尝试理解文中出现的生词、短语或句子。这类题目的解题关键在于其上下文，因为在考查点前后出现的内容往往是对这个词的解释、说明、举例等。例1：原文：Inching along at the pace of a childs tricycle migh
33、t feel frugal but wont magically yield peak economy. In most modern cars, accelerate normally, changing up at 2,000rpm in a diesel, or 2,500rpm in a petrol-powered car. Once at a sensible steady speed, choose the highest gear that will let the engine run without laboring. 问题：71. What does the underl
34、ined word in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. ecologicalB. convenientC. economicalD. beneficial解析：划线部分单词为frugal，第三段首句用诙谐的语言讲述“如果开车时以孩子脚踏车的速度前行的话会.但长远来看却不会产生很高的经济效益。因此可以推断出该词的意思应该为“节约，节俭”economical意为“经济的，节约的”。例2：原文：But it isnt all that easy to explain the actual differences between the skills of men
35、 and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at math. If these differences correspond (相符合) with the differences in the trunkline, there is an unchangeable distinction between the sexes.问题：76. The expression of “th
36、ese differences” refers to those in _.A. skills of men and womenB. school subjectsC. the brain structure of men and womenD. learning habits解析：根据第一句，得出答案为A。例3：原文：The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal
37、with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the hurry of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australiawhere an aging populatio
38、n, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia (安乐死). In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes (多米诺骨牌) t
39、o start falling.问题：75. By saying “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling”, the author means _.A. observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB. similar bills are likely to be passed in the U.S., Canada and other countriesC. observers are waiting to s
40、ee the result of the game of dominoesD. the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop解析：根据文意，虽然有争议，但是自从澳大利亚通过了安乐死的议案后，一些国家也打算纷纷效仿，因此答案为B。例4：原文：The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another. It is for this reason that most people r
41、egard culture as learned rather than innate. People acquire a culture because they are not born with one. The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods, accented speech, or an outlook on the world over time, therefore, is known as enculturation(文化适应).问题：74. What does the word “in
42、nate” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. Instinctive B. Developed C. Believable D. Cultivated解析：由本段前两句话“某一特定群组的核心信念与习俗会一代代传递下去。正是由于这个原因大部分人都将文化视为习得的结果，而不是.”因此可以推测“innate”的意思应该与“learned”的意思相反。Instinctive：本能的，直觉的；Developed：发达的，成熟的；Believable：可信的；Cultivated：有教养的。故应选A。3. 主旨大意题如果是考查整篇文章的主旨大意，可以把文中每段的首句
43、串起来考虑。若是仅考查某一段落的中心思想，则可将该段的首、尾句综合起来考虑。例1：原文： Both have lots of company. Statistics show that e-book sales grew 43% last year, but thats a slowdown compared with the triple-digit increases in recent years. E-books remain the fastest-growing part of the book market but account for only about 20% of al
44、l sales, reported by publishers. Miscioscio and Meier are at opposite ends of a book business in transition. Even though e-book sales have grown more than 4,000% since 2008, its unlikely that physical books will disappear the way records did in the music industry.问题：69. What is the passage mainly co
45、ncerned with?A. E-books will dominate the book industry eventually. B. Readers go their own way in choosing books.C. New technology brings more benefits for readers.D. Physical books will disappear gradually in the future. 解析：根据最后两段，答案为B。例2：原文：Ive often heard it said that “the devil is in the detail
46、s.” Now I realize that in my relationship with my father, love was in the details. 问题：69.What is the passage mainly about?A. The same hobby shared between the author and his father. B. The way the author and his father used to spend spring days.C. The authors sweet memory of his fathers love for him.D. The analysis made by the author about father-son relationship.解析：主旨大意题，文章最后一段点明主旨，答案选择C。例3：原文：Earlier this year, I drove down the long, steep hill to realize my dream. The shoreline was a broad area of bare salt-mud, but the water edge was far out of sight. Had somebody pulled the Dea
