1、Unit 4 Exploring literatureReading IILanguage pointsbe doing.when.意为“正在（要）.突然.”，用于表示当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一件事。这个句型中when不能换成不能换成while或或as。例：1.I was watching the football match when he came in.2.We were talking when he suddenly took his jacket and ran away.be about to do/be on the point of doingwh
2、en 即将做.突然.had(just)donewhen 刚做完.突然.1.We were about to start when it began to rain.2.I was on the point of giving up when Tom appeared.3.I had just gone to bed when the phone rang.A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.Suddenly he heard strange
3、,low,musical sounds.These sounds seemed to be from another world and the child listened to them with wonder.Then the man explained that the child heard nothing strange,and that the shell caught a range of sounds too faint for human ears.What amazed the child was not a new world,but the unnoticed mus
4、ic of the old.Para.1宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句with+名词（相当于副词）with wonder=wonderfullywith care=_carefully用于and连接两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句时，第一个第一个that可省可不可省可不省省，第二个及其后从句中的第二个及其后从句中的that不能省略不能省略。例：1.You know(that)love is sometimes full of trouble and that love cant be got through money.2.He said the book was interesting and
5、 that all the children liked to read it.A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.Suddenly he heard strange,low,musical sounds.These sounds seemed to be from another world and the child listened to them with wonder.Then the man explained that the
6、 child heard nothing strange,and that the shell caught a range of sounds too faint for human ears.What amazed the child was not a new world,but the unnoticed music of the old.Para.1主语从句主语从句1、range between A and B 在A和B之间变化或变动2、range from A to B 从A延伸到B;从A到B不等 The population of these cities ranges betw
7、een 3 and 5 million.The show had a massive audience,ranging from children to grandparents.range v.（在一定的范围内）变动，变化这些城市的人口在300万到500万之间。这个节目有大量的观众，从孩子到祖父母。amaze为动词，意为“使.惊讶；使.惊奇”。相当于astonish,surprise。例：1.The news that he told us amazed us greatly.2.You will soon amaze the world with your brilliant feat.a
8、mazed adj.感到吃惊的，通常用来修饰人amazing adj.令人吃惊的，通常用来修饰物。amazement n.to ones amazement 令人吃惊的是 1.I was amazed by the movie that I saw last night.2.The most amazing thing about nature is its variety.3.To my amazement,they have gone to Beijing.What amazed the child was not a new world,but the unnoticed music o
9、f the old._ was that he didnt pass the exam._ is more time.What upset TomWhat we needWhat 引导主语从句，其谓语动词常用单数。not.but.不是.而是.使汤姆心烦的是他没通过考试。我们所需要的是更多的时间。Some such experience as this lies in store for us when we begin the study of literature.Let a little song appeal to the ear,or a great book to the heart
10、,and we discover a new world,a world of dreams and magic.To enter and enjoy this new world,we need to love literature,and make an effort to explain it.Behind every book is a man,behind the man is the race,and behind the race are the natural and social environments.We must know all these,if the book
11、is to speak its whole message.Para.2in store意为“即将来临；等待着”。例：1.Who knows what lies in store for the President?2.There are better days in store for you.Some such experience as this lies in store for us when we begin the study of literature.Let a little song appeal to the ear,or a great book to the hear
12、t,and we discover a new world,a world of dreams and magic.To enter and enjoy this new world,we need to love literature,and make an effort to explain it.Behind every book is a man,behind the man is the race,and behind the race are the natural and social environments.We must know all these,if the book
13、 is to speak its whole message.Para.2appeal to意为“对.有吸引力；使.感兴趣”。这个短语中to是介词，后面接名词、代词或V-ing。例：1.Its a movie that will appeal to the young.2.In addition,most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.(2019 全国3卷 阅读C)appeal to还可以表示“呼吁；恳求；申诉”。appeal to sb.to do sth.呼吁某人做某事appeal to
14、 sb.for sth.就某事向某人呼吁1.Let us appeal to the President to aid us.2.To appeal to the world for help,Hollywood stars led a huge fund-raising drive for Haiti.【拓展】appealing adj.吸引人的Some such experience as this lies in store for us when we begin the study of literature.Let a little song appeal to the ear,o
15、r a great book to the heart,and we discover a new world,a world of dreams and magic.To enter and enjoy this new world,we need to love literature,and make an effort to explain it.Behind every book is a man,behind the man is the race,and behind the race are the natural and social environments.We must
16、know all these,if the book is to speak its whole message.Para.2make an effort to do.=make efforts to do.意为“努力做某事”。例：1.Everybody should make an effort to reduce pollution.2.We must spare no effort to solve the problem.3.With an effort,he restrained himself.spare no effort(s)to do.不遗余力做某事with(an)effor
17、t 费力地；努力地Some such experience as this lies in store for us when we begin the study of literature.Let a little song appeal to the ear,or a great book to the heart,and we discover a new world,a world of dreams and magic.To enter and enjoy this new world,we need to love literature,and make an effort to
18、 explain it.Behind every book is a man,behind the man is the race,and behind the race are the natural and social environments.We must know all these,if the book is to speak its whole message.Para.2将表语置于句首加以强调时将表语置于句首加以强调时，其后通常用完全倒装。此时句中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致。例：1.Among them was my son Paul.2.Around the lake
19、are some tall trees.当句首状语为表示地点、方向等的介词词组当句首状语为表示地点、方向等的介词词组时，句子也要用完全倒装。1.Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.2.Round the corner walked a large policeman.当here/there,now/then,up/down,in/out,away,off,behind 等表示处所，方位的副词或介词（短语）置于句首，且主语是名词时，用全部倒装结构。谓语动词常用：come,go,be,exist,lie,run,rush,sit
20、,stand等。.In a word,we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature.The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities.Para.2定语从句定语从句当定语从句的先行词为先行词为case，condition，situation，position，point，stage等名词，表示情况、方面、处境时用关系副词where。例：1.Can you think of a situation where y
21、ou once felt embarrassed?2.I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.be capable of 有能力做某事capable adj.有能力的incapable adj.没有能力的capably adv.1.If people keep telling you that you are _(capable),you begin to lose confidence _ yourself.2.I am _(perfect)capable of doi
22、ng it myself.3.The kitchen is capable _catering for several _(hundred)people.incapableinperfectlyofhundredin the presence of 有在场=in ones presence1.She asked them not to discuss the matter in _ presence.2.The document_(sign)in the presence of two witnesses.3.The talks took place _ the presence of the
23、 class teacher.herwas signedinpermanence n.永久（性）adj.permanentadj.impermanentadv.permanently1.She had decided to settle _(permanent)in France.2.The spoken word is immediate but lacks _(permanent).3.We are reminded just how small and how _(permanent)we are.permanentlypermanenceimpermanentPara.5 To ach
24、ieve this,it should contain two elements:universal interest and personal style.Good literature reflects the most basic of human naturelove and hate,joy and sadness,fear and hope.contain vt.to have sth inside it or as part of it 包含；容纳She was unable to contain her excitement.vt.to keep your feelings u
25、nder control 控制The government has made great efforts to contain the epidemic.vt.to prevent sth harmful from spreading or getting worse抑制containThe box _ a number of letters,_ those from her admirers爱慕者 and of course her husbands letter _ well.include containsincludingincludedIf one thing includes an
26、other,it has the second thing as one of its parts.如果一物包含另一物，则第二物是它的组成部分之一。(指一个整体包含着各独立的部分，也指某东西包含另一东西的一部分。)If something contains something else,it has that thing inside it or as part of it.如果一个东西包含了另一个东西，它就有那个东西在里面或作为它的一部分。（常指其组成部分或内容)Para.5Para.5 To achieve this,it should contain two elements:unive
27、rsal interest and personal style.Good literature reflects the most basic of human naturelove and hate,joy and sadness,fear and hope.reflect vt.&vi.to show what something is like or the nature of sth or sbs attitude or feeling 显示；反映；沉思Translate the following sentence.你的选择反映了你对美的好品味。Your choice reflec
28、ts your good taste of beauty.a.His face was reflected in the mirror.vt.usually passive to show the image of sb/sth on the surface of sth such as a mirror,water or glassbe reflected in反映在b.She needs time to reflect on your suggestion.vt.&vi.to think carefully and deeply about sth reflect on/upon考虑；回想
29、Para.6In summary,literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty,the written record of mans thoughts and feelings,and the history of the human soul.总之，文学是以真和美的形式对生命的表达，是人类思想和感情的写照，是人类灵魂的历史。in summaryin general in shortin conclusionto concludeon the wholesummary n.summarize vt.&vi.T
30、he author summarizes his views in the introduction.Translate the following sentence.作者在序言里概述了他的观点。a short statement that gives only the main points of sth,not the details只给出要点而不给出细节的简短陈述to give a summary of sth,to give a statement of the main points对某事物作总结，对要点作陈述Para.6(Adapted from William J.Longs E
31、nglish Literature:Its History and Its Significance for the Life of the English-Speaking World)adapt v.uv.to deal with something successfully适应uv.to change it to make it suitable for a new purpose or situation改装uv.to change a book or play改编uadapt(oneself)to sth.（使）适应uadapt sth.for sth.from sth.改编adap
32、tation n.1.We have had to adapt quickly _ the new system.2.Three of her novels have been adapted _ television.3.It is an _(adapt)of Cixin Lius The wandering earth.4.It took him a while to adapt_ to the new surroundings.toforadaptationhimselfdescription contain significant be capable ofelement reflec
33、t in summary appeal toB1 The passage below is about a classic work of literature.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.reflectsappeal tosignificantdescriptioncontainsare capable ofelementsIn summaryHelp remember the words you are trying to learnHelp yo
34、u express yourself better by making your speech or writing richer and more colourfulSynonyms同义词Antonyms反义词words with the same or nearly the same meaningwords with opposite meanings B2 Find the synonyms and antonyms in the article and think of more on your own.SynonymsAntonymslowfaintloveenjoy unnoticedhiddensignificantimportantnewold lovehate importantunimportantattractionappeal joysadness
