1、对.感兴趣周游全国 获取广泛的信息 接替他父亲成为太史令 方便他接触.整理可用的资源 take an interest in.travel extensively across the countryget a wide range of informationsucceed his father as Grand Historianfacilitate his access to.sort out available resourcesUseful Expressions需要艰苦的努力需要艰苦的努力 有效且高效地有效且高效地 继续某事继续某事 被关进监狱被关进监狱 身体上和精神上身体上和精神
2、上无论顺境还是逆境无论顺境还是逆境 Useful Expressionsrequire painstaking effortseffectively and efficientlycarry on with.be put in prisonphysically and mentallyin good times or bad times Lead-in 表语表语1.William is excited about his promotion.2.She appears upset about the announcement.3.The eggs smell rotten.4.Your pla
3、ns for the wedding sound nice.5.You look exhausted after studying all night.6.Bob felt sleepy after eating the whole pizza.7.The audience fell silent when the conductor walked on stage.8.The theater gets dark when the show is about to begin.9.The crowd stayed calm in spite of the imminent threat.读下面
4、的句子，关注并回忆常见的系动词有哪些：读下面的句子，关注并回忆常见的系动词有哪些：常见的系动词有：常见的系动词有：be动词动词:_感官动词感官动词:_“变得词变得词”:_“持续词持续词”:_“似乎似乎”：_am,is,are,was,werefeel,look,smell,sound,taste,seem,.get,become,turn,grow,fall,.keep,remain,stay,stand,lay,.seem,appear找表语She is a mother of two babies.Her cake tastes good.She looks awesome.She kee
5、ps working out every day.The whole family is never out of order.表语是啥：名词、形容词、动名词、介词、不定式等说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态系动词后面名词充当表语名词充当表语动名词充当表语动名词充当表语形容词充当表语形容词充当表语介词短语充当表语介词短语充当表语形容词充当表语形容词充当表语Lead-in A predicative clause immediately follows the link verb,which does not express complete predication without the
6、clause.In the case of an adverbial clause,the preceding verb is that of complete predication and the clause may be distant from the verb it modifiesExplore the rules His fathers dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history.After his father died,Sim
7、a Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian,which facilitated his access to official books and files.However,his work proved difficult,because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts.His chief concern was whether he could do
8、his job more effectively and efficiently.Underline the sentences containing predicative clausesSima Qian,one of the greatest historians in Chinese history,was born in either 145 or 135 BCE.Influenced by his father,who was also a historian,Sima Qian took an interest in history when he was a child.He
9、learnt Chinese classics from great literary masters,and at the age of 20,he began travelling extensively across the country.He interviewed the local people to get a wide range of information.Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian.Below is an essay on
10、the great historian Sima Qian.Find the sentences with predicative clauses and fill in the box below.The first one has been done for you.Exploring the rulesHis fathers dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history.After his father died,Sima Qian succ
11、eeded his father as Grand Historian,which facilitated his access to official books and files.However,his work proved difficult,because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts.His chief concern was whether he could do his job mor
12、e effectively and efficiently.As he carried on with his work,something awful happened to Sima Qian.He was put in prison,where he suffered a lot of pain physically and mentally.However,he was not defeated.He never forgot about his fathers dream,in good times or bad times.After more than ten years of
13、hard work,the Shiji(Records of the Grand Historian),his masterpiece,was completed.Focus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法在复合句中作表语的从句叫做表在复合句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。位于主句的系动词之后，语从句。位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化的内容具体化。表语从句也必须。表语从句也必须用用陈述语序陈述语序。“主语主语+系动词系动词+关联词关联词+表语从句表语从句”Structure:Work out the rules We can us
14、e a noun clause as the predicative of a sentence.We can use that to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a(1)_.We can use whether to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a(2)_.We can use what,why,when,where,etc.to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a(3)_.stat
15、ementyes-no questionwh-questionExplanation 引导表语从句的词有：从属连词：连接代词：连接副词that/whether/as if/as though/becausewho/whom/whose/which/whatwhen/where/why/how 1.The most important thing is that we finish the final task.2.The question is whether we can finish it in such a short time.3.The reason why he was late
16、is that he got up late.(1)从属连词从属连词:that&whether 用法归纳：用法归纳：a.that引导表语从句时，只起引导表语从句时，只起_作用，作用，作作/不作不作句子句子成分，成分，有有/没有没有意义。意义。b.whether引导表语从句时，只起引导表语从句时，只起_作用，作用，作作/不作不作句子成分，通常翻译为句子成分，通常翻译为“_”“_”。注意，引导表语从。注意，引导表语从句时通常不用句时通常不用if。连接连接连接连接是否是否c.注意下面这个结构：注意下面这个结构：The reason why.is/was that.主语是主语是reason时，表语从句
17、不能用时，表语从句不能用because,只能用只能用that。麻烦是我把他的地址（麻烦是我把他的地址（address）丢了。）丢了。My suggestion is that we _(tell)him.should tellPractice:The trouble is that I have lost his address.在表在表“建议建议,劝说劝说,命令命令”的名词的名词(suggestion,advice,request,demand,proposal,order,等等)后面的表语从句中，后面的表语从句中，谓语动词谓语动词用用“should+动词原动词原形形”(虚拟语气虚拟语气)，
18、should可省略可省略1.My suggestion is that we all _(take)an active part in the coming sports meet.2.His proposal was that the work _(finish)in five hours.(should)be finished(should)takeTIP 2 whether引导一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句，意思是引导一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句，意思是“是否是否”，陈述陈述语序。语序。e.g.The question is whether it is worth doing.
19、My doubt is whether we can get there on time.(注意：注意：if不能引导表语从句。不能引导表语从句。)Practice:问题是我们是否可以依赖他。问题是我们是否可以依赖他。The question is whether we can rely on him.TIP 3whetherwhether与与if if均为均为“是否是否”下列情况下只用下列情况下只用whether：Whether he will come is not clear.The question is whether hell come.Im not sure about wheth
20、er well win.Let me know whether you can come or not.1.引导主语从句并在句首引导主语从句并在句首 2.引导表语从句引导表语从句3.从句作介词宾语从句作介词宾语 4.从句后有从句后有“or not”表语从句也可以由表语从句也可以由 as if/as though 引导，意思是引导，意思是“似乎、好像似乎、好像”e.g.He looked as if he was going to cry.It seems as though he doesnt know the answer.as if/as though引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 如果如果
21、是事实是事实，就用，就用陈述语气陈述语气；如果如果与事实不符与事实不符，就用，就用虚拟语气虚拟语气(从句表示与从句表示与现在现在事实相反，谓语动词用事实相反，谓语动词用一般过一般过去式去式；从句表示与从句表示与过去过去事实相反，谓语动词用事实相反，谓语动词用had+过去分词过去分词；从句表示；从句表示将来的将来的可能性不大可能性不大，用，用would/might/could+动词原形动词原形)。e.g.He looks as if he were a rich man.He looked just as if he had looked ten years before.It looks as
22、 if it might rain.将来将来事实相反事实相反as if sb would/might/could+do.现在现在事实相反事实相反as if sb were/did sth.过去过去事实相反事实相反 as if sb had done sth.Explanation 2.其他从属连词引导表语从句时有具体的含义,whether表示是否，because 表示因为；as if/as though 表示好像，似乎。注：注：as if/as thoughas if/as though和事实相反要虚拟，规则如下：和事实相反要虚拟，规则如下：1 1、如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过
23、去时。、如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。2 2、从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用、从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had“had过去分词过去分词”。3 3、从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用、从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would“wouldcouldcouldmightmight动词原形动词原形 e.g.,It looks as if she were drunk.be It appears as if he hadnt met her.not meetbecause引导的表语从句常见于引导的表语从句常见于 This/That/It is/was becaus
24、e.句型中句型中e.g.He was sent to the hospital.Thats because he was ill.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.Thats because强调强调原因原因；Thats why强调强调结果结果1)He failed the math exam.Thats _he was too careless.2)He was too careless.Thats _ he failed the math exam.becausewhy名词名词reason作主语时，表语从句用作主语时，表语
25、从句用that而不用而不用because或或why引导引导The reason _ he failed the math exam is _ he was too careless.thatwhy1.I was late for school this morning.Thats _ I stayed up too late last night.(果因)2.I stayed up too late last night.Thats _ I was late for school this morning.(因果)3.The reason _ I was late for school thi
26、s morning is _ I stayed up too late last night.because引导的表语从句常用于引导的表语从句常用于“Thats because”结构中结构中,说明说明产生上述结果的原因产生上述结果的原因;why引导的表语从句说明由上述引导的表语从句说明由上述原因导致的某种结果原因导致的某种结果。becausewhywhythatExplanation 1.that 不充当句子成分，无意义，只起连接作用e.g.,What I mean is(that)you may have to face it.One reason why Crystal has becom
27、e so famous is that he is very quick thinking.2.其他从属连词引导表语从句时有具体的含义,whether表示是否，because 表示因为；as if/as though 表示好像，似乎。e.g.,The question is whether we should go on with this work.He says it is because he wanted to do so.It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.Explanation 2.其他从属连词引导表语从句时有具体的含义,
28、whether表示是否，because 表示因为；as if/as though 表示好像，似乎。注：注：as if/as thoughas if/as though和事实相反要虚拟，规则如下：和事实相反要虚拟，规则如下：1 1、如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。、如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。2 2、从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用、从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had“had过去分词过去分词”。3 3、从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用、从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would“wouldcouldcouldmightmight动词原形动词
29、原形 e.g.,It looks as if she were drunk.It appears as if he hadnt met her.Explanation 3.由连接代词who/whom/whose/which/what引导的表语从句连接代词在表语从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓“缺什么补什么”是指从句与连词之间的关系。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what。如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what。如缺定语用what或which。Explanation 3.由连接代词who/whom/whose/which/what引导的表
30、语从句The problem is will water my plants when I am away.That is I want to tell you.Things are not always they seem.whowhatwhatThis museum is not _ it was ten years ago.whatwhichWhat I want to know is road we should take.用法归纳：用法归纳：连接代词引导表语从句时，既起连接代词引导表语从句时，既起_作用，又作句作用，又作句子成分子成分(通常作通常作_)_)等。等。连接连接主语，宾语，
31、表语主语，宾语，表语1.She is not who she was.2.Exercise is what keeps us healthy.3.The winner will be whoever solves that problem.4.My part will be whatever you give to me.(2)连接连接代代词词:who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever,whoever,whichever,.用法归纳：用法归纳：连接代词引导表语从句时，既起连接代词引导表语从句时，既起_作用，作用，又作句子成分又作句子成分(通常作通常作_)_)等。等。
32、连接连接主语，宾语，表语主语，宾语，表语Explanation 3.由连接副词when/where/why/how 引导的表语从句连接副词在表语从句中充当状语，可表时间、地点、原因、方式等，因此不能省略。依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓“缺什么补什么”是指从句与连词之间的关系。如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where。原因状语用why；方式状语用how。Explanation 3.由连接副词when/where/why/how 引导的表语从句e.g.,What he wonders is they can finish their work.This is our basic
33、interest lies.He was ill.Thats he was sent to the hospital.whenwherewhyThat was I was fifteen.whenThats you are wrong.whereThe problem is we can find him.how用法归纳：用法归纳：连接副词引导表语从句时，既起连接副词引导表语从句时，既起_作用，又作句作用，又作句子成分（通常作子成分（通常作_）。）。连接连接状语状语(3)连接副词连接副词：when,where,why,how，whenever,wherever,.1.The house is
34、where Lu Xun once lived.2.Tomorrow is when it would be the most convenient.3.Thats how matters stand.4.Thats why you should push yourself.5.The best time to start is whenever you are ready.用法归纳：用法归纳：连接副词引导表语从句时，既起连接副词引导表语从句时，既起_作用，作用，又作句子成分（通常作又作句子成分（通常作_）。）。连接连接状语状语Explanation 4.特殊规则：特定名词+that+（sho
35、uld）do结构我的建议就是你做出决定之前仔细考虑一下。My advice is that you(should)think it over before you make a decision.When the subject of a sentence is a word like suggestion,advice,order,demand,etc,we often use _ as the verb of the predictive clause and _can be omitted.should+动词原形should引导表语从句的引导表语从句的that通常不省略通常不省略,但在口
36、但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略。语或非正式文体中有时也可省略。1.The trouble is(that)he is ill.2.My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.TIP 1Yesterday is history.Tomorrow is a mystery.Today is a gift.Thats _ its called the present!why/because昨天已是历史，明天仍是未知，但今天是一份礼物。要不为什么它也被称为现在呢1.The fact is _ we
37、should depend on ourselves.2.The city is no longer _ it was ten years ago.3.The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.4.This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.5._surprised me most was _ he spoke Spanish so fluently.6.All shes w
38、orried about is _ he is all right.7.The most important thing is _ we can get through the difficult times.8.She looks _ she were ill.whenwhatwhatthatPracticeWhatthatwhetherhowas if1.The trouble was _ we could manage it ourselves or not.2.Another unique human characteristic is _ we walk upright.3.The
39、question,however,is _ this is what the developing countries need the most.4.The trouble is _we have no money.5.From space,the earth looks blue.This is _ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.6.The only reason for my coming is _ I hoped to see you again.7.The biggest question i
40、s _ will take charge of the company.8.Liberty means responsibility.That is_ most men dread it.thatwhetherbecausewhetherthatthatwhowhy9.What puzzles Lilys friends is _ she always has so many crazy ideas.10.China is no longer _ she used to be.11.The question remains _ they will be able to help us.12.I
41、t appears _ he has a taste for music.13.It sounds _ someone is knocking at the door.14.What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.15.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.whywhatwhether/whenthatas if whetherwhere Applying the ruleswhichthatthatwhywhetherhowApplying the rulesthatthathowwhyPracticewhichthatthatwhywhetherhowPracticethatthathowwhyThanks
