1、Part FourWriting and Translation1.Translation1.Translation2.Writing2.WritingKnowing About TranslationKnowing About TranslationTranslation PracticeTranslation PracticeWriting PracticeWriting PracticeKnowing About TranslationPart Four:Writing and Translation Translation汉译英长句翻译汉译英长句翻译(1)(1)汉语长句指的是字数较多、
2、结构较复杂、含有多层汉语长句指的是字数较多、结构较复杂、含有多层意思的句子。众所周知，汉语重意合，句子结构较为松意思的句子。众所周知，汉语重意合，句子结构较为松散，关联词语用得较少。长句一般由若干个短句组成，散，关联词语用得较少。长句一般由若干个短句组成，在译成英文时，需要对汉语各分句之间内在的逻辑关系在译成英文时，需要对汉语各分句之间内在的逻辑关系进行分析，以明确整个句子的含义、分清短句之间的关进行分析，以明确整个句子的含义、分清短句之间的关系和层次，确定主次，然后根据英文的结构要求和行文系和层次，确定主次，然后根据英文的结构要求和行文习惯翻译成通顺、连贯、达意的句子。习惯翻译成通顺、连贯、
3、达意的句子。汉译英长句翻译的步骤汉译英长句翻译的步骤Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation1)1)分析汉语长句的结构，确定句子的主干，继而找出句分析汉语长句的结构，确定句子的主干，继而找出句子的主语和谓语。子的主语和谓语。2)2)根据句子的结构特点以及英语的行文习惯安排译文的根据句子的结构特点以及英语的行文习惯安排译文的框架结构。框架结构。3)3)形成准确通顺的译文。这一步骤包括选择用词，确定形成准确通顺的译文。这一步骤包括选择用词，确定连词，安排语序，使译文紧凑、连贯、合乎逻辑。连词，安排语序，使译文紧凑、连贯、合乎逻辑。在将汉语长句翻译成
4、英文时，一般要按照以下步骤进行：在将汉语长句翻译成英文时，一般要按照以下步骤进行：Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation 经济全球化是当今世界经济发展的客观趋势经济全球化是当今世界经济发展的客观趋势(1)，其基本特征是资本、技术、商品、信息和服务在全球范其基本特征是资本、技术、商品、信息和服务在全球范围内自由流动和优化配置围内自由流动和优化配置(2)，使世界各国经济相互依，使世界各国经济相互依存、相互影响日益加深存、相互影响日益加深(3)，给世界各国经济发展带来，给世界各国经济发展带来了新的动力和机遇了新的动力和机遇(4)。例如：例如：Par
5、t Four:Writing and Translation Translation 本句由四个分句组成，本句由四个分句组成，“经济全球化经济全球化”是这四部分的是这四部分的主要话题。翻译时对原句结构可以有两种理解主要话题。翻译时对原句结构可以有两种理解:我们采用上述三个步骤翻译此句：我们采用上述三个步骤翻译此句：第一步第一步：原句分析原句分析1）第一分句和第四分句为句子的主干部分，第二）第一分句和第四分句为句子的主干部分，第二和第三分句是对第一分句信息的补充说明。和第三分句是对第一分句信息的补充说明。2）第一、三、四分句为句子的主干部分，相互并）第一、三、四分句为句子的主干部分，相互并列，第
6、二分句是对第一分句的补充说明。列，第二分句是对第一分句的补充说明。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation1）第一和第四分句为句子的主干，可以选择）第一和第四分句为句子的主干，可以选择and连接，连接，中间的第二中间的第二、第三分句使用非谓语动词结构。、第三分句使用非谓语动词结构。2）第一、三、四为句子的主干，用）第一、三、四为句子的主干，用and连接，第三分连接，第三分句使用非谓语动词结构。句使用非谓语动词结构。第二步：确定结构第二步：确定结构Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation1)Eco
7、nomic globalization is the objective trend of the economic development in the world today(1),featured by the free flow and optimized allocation of capital,technology,information and service in the global context(2),making the economic interdependence and interaction between various countries ever st
8、ronger(3),and has brought about new driving forces and opportunities for the economic development of all countries in the world(4).第三步：形成译文第三步：形成译文Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation2)Economic globalization is the objective trend of the economic development in the world today(1),featured b
9、y the free flow and optimized allocation of capital,technology,information and service in the global context(2),has made the economic interdependence and interaction between various countries ever stronger(3)and brought about new driving forces and opportunities for the economic development of all c
10、ountries in the world(4).在汉译英时，通过分析中文长句中各部分的逻辑关系，在汉译英时，通过分析中文长句中各部分的逻辑关系，可以选用恰当的英语句型和连接手段，确保译文符合英语可以选用恰当的英语句型和连接手段，确保译文符合英语表达习惯。从上述两种译文也可以看出，翻译本身具有一表达习惯。从上述两种译文也可以看出，翻译本身具有一定程度的灵活性，尽管他们之间定程度的灵活性，尽管他们之间 差别不是很大。差别不是很大。Translation PracticePart Four:Writing and Translation TranslationDirections:Read the
11、 following quotations on the spirit of the Olympics.Then translate them into Chinese.1)Olympism is a school of moral nobility and purity as well as of physical endurance and energy.Coubertin 奥林匹克不仅是锻炼体能和承受力的学校，也是培养奥林匹克不仅是锻炼体能和承受力的学校，也是培养 高尚、纯洁的道德品质的学校。高尚、纯洁的道德品质的学校。顾拜旦顾拜旦Part Four:Writing and Transl
12、ation Translation2)The whole trend of the modern Olympism has been to promote mutual understanding and to bring the world together in friendly and efficacious collaboration.Messerli 现代奥运精神的总目标一直是促进相互理解，使世界现代奥运精神的总目标一直是促进相互理解，使世界 各国一起友好而有效地合作。各国一起友好而有效地合作。梅瑟利梅瑟利Part Four:Writing and Translation Trans
13、lation通过各国相聚、通过给予人们互相认识和尊重的机会、通过各国相聚、通过给予人们互相认识和尊重的机会、通过建立友好的关系，奥林匹克为和平作出了重要贡献。通过建立友好的关系，奥林匹克为和平作出了重要贡献。梅瑟利梅瑟利3)By bringing nations together and giving people the opportunity to know and esteem each other and by forging ties of friendship.Olympism realizes a vital work of peace.MesserliPart Four:Wri
14、ting and Translation Translation4)Let us play in order that we may live,not live in order that we may play;and let us remember too,that it is better to compete with oneself than to watch others compete.Gardiner 让我们为了生存而竞赛，而不是为了竞赛而生存，让我让我们为了生存而竞赛，而不是为了竞赛而生存，让我 们记住与自己竞争胜过观看别人竞争。们记住与自己竞争胜过观看别人竞争。加德纳加德纳
15、Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation5)A good athlete should set a good example and act as a role model to young people.A good coach should set a good example and act as a role model to young athletes.Coubertin 一个好的运动员应该树立一个好的榜样，成为年轻人一个好的运动员应该树立一个好的榜样，成为年轻人 的行为榜样。一个好的教练应该树立一个好的榜样，的行为榜样。一个好的教
16、练应该树立一个好的榜样，成为年轻运动员的行为榜样。成为年轻运动员的行为榜样。顾拜旦顾拜旦 Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation6)The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part,just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle.The essential thing is not to have conquered but to ha
17、ve fought well.Coubertin 奥运会最重要的精神不是获胜而是参与，正如生活中奥运会最重要的精神不是获胜而是参与，正如生活中 最重要的不是成功而是奋斗。重要的不是征服了而是最重要的不是成功而是奋斗。重要的不是征服了而是 努力奋斗了。努力奋斗了。顾拜旦顾拜旦Writing PracticePart Four:Writing and Translation WritingDirections:Write a composition on either of the following topics.Use at least 6 of the words or phrases fr
18、om the box below.1)The Athletes I Admire Most2)Athletes should(Not)Be Role Modelsparticipategloryresponsibility follow ones leadcontributerole modelintensity thanks toperformancecompetitiveperfectionworshipmeasure up to expectationsoutweighindomitablepositivePart Four:Writing and Translation Writing
19、Sample 1Sample 1 The athlete I admire most is Burgcamp.He is a world famous soccer star.He has comprehensive skills,so he shines as a forward.He always lives up to his fans expectations.He enabled his club team to win the British Championship.He is a fair player and isnt violent.So he is welcome any
20、where and at any time.Perhaps you think the performance of soccer stars such as Ronaldo and Michael Owen is also excellent and you wonder why I admire Burgcamp most.Now let me tell you the reasons.The Athlete I Admire MostTo be continuedPart Four:Writing and Translation Writing First of all,he is Du
21、tch.I like Holland very much.It is a very small,beautiful and civilized country.I think the Dutch are full of wisdom and courage.They filled the sea with soil and constructed dams to keep the sea water out.Burgcamp is a hero in the eyes of Dutch people because he has brought glory to their nation an
22、d contributed to the positive image of the Dutch people.Secondly,I like the Dutch National Team very much.The members wear orange sportswear.Orange is the color I like best,because it means passion,energy and intensity.To be continuedPart Four:Writing and Translation Writing The members of the Dutch
23、 National Team give you these feelings.I think the Italians are too conservative,while the Brazilians are so rash that they lack cooperation.But the Dutch are very brilliant.They are well-organized,and Burgcamp is the soul of the team.He is a true role model.Thats why I admire him the most.Part Four
24、:Writing and Translation Writing Sample 2Sample 2The Athlete I Admire Most Although we were asked to write about the athlete we admire most,I would like to write about two athletes:Shen Xue(申雪申雪)and Zhao Hongbo(赵宏博赵宏博).They are Chinese pair skaters and have won many championships.Their performances
25、have thrilled audiences all over the world.They are now among the top athletes in figure skating and will probably win a medal at the next Olympic Games.To be continuedPart Four:Writing and Translation Writing I admire them for many reasons.First,the beauty and intensity of their skating has contrib
26、uted to the popularity of figure skating in China.Many young skaters will follow their lead.Second,I admire their indomitable spirit.If they fall,they get up and continue skating.They are hardworking and courageous.I also admire their teamwork.Pair skaters have to be strong individual skaters and at
27、 the same time they must be in harmony with each other and with the music.Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo are my role models.Part Four:Writing and Translation Writing Sample 3Sample 3Athletes Should Be Role Models Whether they like it or not athletes are role models.If they participate in national or inter
28、national sports and win,we admire them.We dont necessarily worship them,but we think about their courage and determination when we are discouraged.Most athletes are examples of good qualities.They aim for perfection and they have a lot of self-discipline.These are positive characteristics that I wou
29、ld like to have.Since we live in a competitive world today,we need the qualities that athletes have in order to succeed.To be continuedPart Four:Writing and Translation Writing Some athletes,however,do not measure up to our expectations.They become greedy and selfish.Perhaps they think that because
30、they are famous they can do anything they want.Some athletes become very rich and powerful.But the Chinese athletes I admire are not in that category.They are positive role models.The role models we choose can come from any walk of life.In a sense,athletes are the center of attention,we can watch th
31、eir performance on television or we can read about them in the newspaper.We can talk about them with our friends.Athletes are like public heroes that can inspire us.Part Four:Writing and Translation Writing Sample 4Sample 4Athletes Should Be Role Models Athletes are specialists in physical performan
32、ce.They excel in athletic skills but they cannot be expected to be excellent or knowledgeable in other areas.They train all the time to be competitive and to win games.I am not interested in sports and I am not an athlete,so I do not see how athletes could be role models for me.I hope to become a sc
33、ientist;therefore my role models are not sports stars.To be continuedPart Four:Writing and Translation Writing How can one admire athletes like Mike Tyson?He is greedy and selfish and he is actually a criminal.Many athletes have so much money that they believe they dont have to care about other peop
34、le.They do not give back anything to their community.They do not accept their social responsibility but enjoy being put on a pedestal by fans who worship them.They think they are above other people in society.I admire people who contribute to the society,not people who think they are superior to oth
35、ers.To be continuedPart Four:Writing and Translation Writing End of Part 4End of Part 4Go to Part 5 Indeed,Michael Jordan is a very famous basketball player.He worked very hard to reach perfection.Everyone in the world knows him because he is a star and he is in many advertisements.He has become very rich not only because he is a professional athlete but also because he endorses many brand names like Nike.But I never value all these things,so why should I choose him as a role model?
