1、五年级下册英语重点语法解析:一般现在时小学五年级英语下册有三大重点语法:一般现在时、一般进行时、一般将来时。这三大时态是我们学好英语的基础,必须要牢牢掌握。助手将和大家详细解析以上三大时态的用法,今天我们先来学习“一般现在时”。一般现在时是小学英语的重要语法知识点,也是上了初中后要学习的最重要的语法内容之一。一般现在时的概念一般现在时主要用来表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或者是现在的特征或所处的状态。一般现在时看似最简单,其实它和其它时态最不一样。其它时态说的都是具体时间发生的具体事件,而一般现在时强调的是一段时间内的状态或反复发生的动作,即客观事实。一般现在时有三种形式1.谓语是be(am/is
2、/are)的一般现在时。肯定形式:主语+be+表语(形容词、名词充当表语)。I am hungry.You are beautiful.He is a doctor.否定形式:主语+be+not+表语(形容词、名词充当表语)。I am not hungry.You arent beautiful.He isnt a doctor.一般疑问句形式:Be+主语+表语(形容词、名词充当表语)?肯定回答:Yes,主语+be. 否定回答:No, 主语+ be+not.Are you hungry?Yes,I am./No,Im not.Is he a doctor?Yes, he is./No, he
3、isn,t.特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词+Be开头的一般疑问句?What is he?He is a doctor.注意:be要随着主语变。2. 谓语是情态动词can/may.+动词原形的一般现在时。肯定形式:主语+情态动词can/may.+动词原形+宾语。I can finish my homework.否定形式:主语+情态动词can/may.+not+动词原形+宾语。I cant finish my homework.一般疑问句形式:情态动词Can/May.+主语+动词原形+主语+宾语。肯定回答是:Yes,主语+情态动词. 否定回答是:No, 主语+ 情态动词+not.Can you fin
4、ish your homework?Yes,I can./No, I cant.特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词+情态动词can/may.开头的一般疑问句?What can you do?I can do my homework.注意:情态动词can/may.+动词原形。3. 谓语动词是实义动词(及物动词或不及物动词)的一般现在时。肯定形式:“主语+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+不及物动词”。She has a little brother.她有一个弟弟。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。否定形式:“主语+dont/doesnt+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+dont/do
5、esnt+不及物动词”。She doesnt have a little brother.她没有弟弟。I dont eat every morning.我每天早晨都不吃饭。一般疑问句形式:“Do/Does+主语+及物动词原形+宾语”或“Do/Does+主语+不及物动词原形”。肯定回答:Yes,主语+do/does. 否定回答是:No, 主语+ dont/doesnt.Do you eat every morning?Yes, I do./No, I dont.Does she have a little brother?Yes, she does./No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句:特
6、殊疑问词+do/does开头的一般疑问句?What do you like?When do you go to school?注意:根据主语确定用do还是does。一般现在时的用法1.一般现在时表示现在的状态 ;表示经常性或习惯性的动作;表示主语具备的性格和能力;表示客观事实或普遍真理等。例如:1.描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。在这种情景中,句子常带有表示频率的时间状语:always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等,以表示句中的动
7、作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如:They raise ducks as a sideline .他们以养鸭为副业。I cycle to work every day .我每天骑自行车上班。用于一般现在时的副词,除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外,常见的还有:now, today , nowadays等等。2.仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了描述现阶段的动作或状态,其重点不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态。例如:He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。
8、Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。She majors in music .她主修音乐。All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。3.陈述客观事实、客观真理。顾名思义,客观的情况是没有时间概念的;也不会在意动作进行的状态。例如:The sun rises in the east .日出东方。The earth goes around the
9、sun .地球绕着太阳转。Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。4.根据英文语法规定,当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如:Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the j
10、ob , they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈谈细节。2.一般现在时常和表示时间的频度副词连用。如:often, usually, sometimes, always, never等。例如:1. I often read books in the evening.我经常在晚上读书。2. Do they usually go to school by bike?他们通常骑自行车去上学吗?3. He doesnt like milk. He never drinks it.他不喜欢牛奶。他从来不喝它。4. Somet
11、imes my mother gets back at five.有时候妈妈五点钟回来。3.一般现在时也常和以下时间表达法连用。如:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night, every day, on Sunday(s), at seven 等。例如:Do they have math in the morning?他们早上有数学课吗?She sleeps nine hours every night.她每晚睡九个小时。It takes me two hours to do my homework
12、every day.每天写作业花费我两个小时的时间。They dont have classes on Sundays.他们周日不上课。动词第三人称单数的构成1. 动词原形后面直接加-slooklooksreadreadsplayplays stopstops2. 在以字母s, x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词后加-esmissmissesfixfixeswatchwatcheswashwashesgogoesdodoes3. 辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i,再加-escarrycarriesstudystudieshurryhurriescrycries4. 特殊变化have-hasbe-is
13、附:小学到高中需掌握的时态(一)小学段一般现在时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时(二)初中段一般现在时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时现在完成时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时(三)高中段一般现在时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时现在完成时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时现在完成进行时将来进行时一般现在时习题专练一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink_go_stay_make_look_have_pass_carry_come_watch_plant_fly_study_brush_do_teach_二、 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. Heoften_(have)dinnerathome.2.Da
14、nielandTommy_(be)inClassOne.3.We_(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5._they_(like)theWorldCup?6.What_theyoften_(do)onSaturdays?7._yourparents_(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI_(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There_(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.M
15、ike_(like)cooking.12.They_(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I_(be)ill.Imstayinginbed.16.She_(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften_(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20.Whatda
16、y_(be)ittoday?ItsSaturday三、按照要求改写句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)_2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)_3. Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)_4. 4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)_5. 5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)_6. HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)_7. 7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.
17、(对划线部分提问)_8.JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)_9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)_10.SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否定句)_四、 改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?_2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?_3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass._4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish._5.ShedontdoherhomeworkonSundays._习题参考答案一
18、、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drinksgoesstaysmakeslookshaspassescarriescomeswatchesplantsfliesstudiesbrushesdoesteaches二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。hasaredontwatchdoesntgoDolikedodoDoreadteachestakeislikeshavelooksdoamgoesdoeswatcheshaveis三、按照要求改写句子1.DanieldoesntwatchTVeveryevening.2.Doyoudoyourhomeworkeveryday?No,Idont.3.Doess
19、helikemilk?Yes,shedoes.4.DoesAmylikeplayingcomputergames?No,shedoesnt.5.Wedontgotoschooleverymorning.6.HedoesntspeakEnglishverywell.7.Whatdoyoulikeinthepark?8.WheredoesJohncomefrom?9.Isshealwaysagoodstudent?No,sheisnt.10.SimonandDanieldontlikegoingskating.四、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?_Is改成Does_2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?_likes改成like_3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass._play改成playing_4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish._teachs改成teaches_5.ShedontdoherhomeworkonSundays._dont改成doesnt_