1、Unit 1 Past and present1.1 Comic strip & Welcome to the unit1：past and present（1） past n. 过去，以前；in the past 在过去adj. 过去的，以前的；in the past few years 在过去的几年里prep. 经过 walk past the post office走过邮局In the past, there was no underground in Nanjing.Lets not make the past mistakes. When I walk past the post o
2、ffice, I see a bird flying over the tree.（2）presentadj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的n.现在; 礼物; at present 现在； a present for you=a gift for you给你的礼物vt.介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送; Everyone can be presented a present at present.2：Youve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me.你变了。你以前跟我分享食物的。（1）change: vt./vi. 改变，变更; change i
3、nto变成 n.变化，改变; change(s) to .的变化Great changes to Nanjing have taken place.（2）use n.用途; 使用能力; 运用头脑（或身体）的能力; vt.用，使用; 行使，used to (do sth.) “过去常常(做某事)” 批注：否定形式：didnt use to / usednt toget/be used to(doing sth. )“习惯于(做某事)He used to go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, hesbarely(几乎不)
4、had a chance. He thinks hell never be used to this busy lifestyle.useful adj. 有用的；useless adj. 无用的3：I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.北南西东东南东北西南西北adj.northern southernwesterneasternsoutheasternnorthwesternnorthwesternnorthwesternn .northsouthwesteastsoutheastnorthwestnor
5、thwestnorthwestBeijing is in the northern part of China.批注：注意in the north与 in the northern part of 的同义句转换。例如：Beijing is in the north of China.=Beijing is in the northern part of China.4：When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and weve lived in this area since then.当我1965结婚的时候
6、，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。（1）marry: vt.& vi.（使）结婚; 娶; 嫁; 结合; marry sb 与某人结婚 marry A to B 把A嫁给B adj. married 已婚的; 短语：A and B get married /A get(s) married to Bn marriage 婚姻Some young couples got married on that day.（2）move: vt.& vi.移动，搬动; 使感动move away 搬走 move into 搬进 move out of 搬出.Every year mi
7、llions of people moved into the city while millions of people moved away.5： Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.turn into 进入，拐进；（使）成为，（使）进入 turn. into把.变成I saw him turn into the library.How can you turn a bottle of water into a bottle of orange juice?turn on开 turn o
8、ff 关 turn up 调高；开大(音量、煤气等) turn down 调低；关小(音量、煤气、灯火等)turn over把翻过来turn back 往回走turn left 向左转 turn right 向右转 6：There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。once: adv.曾经 =used to There was once a shopping centre here.=There used to be a shopping centre here.n.一次，一回; = one time
9、I am used to doing exercise once a week.7：They often put the waste into the river.他们经常把垃圾放到河里。put sth into 把放进，使进入Please put the food into the fridge.put away 拿走，储存备用 put back放回；向后移put down写下；记下 put on 穿上put off 延期；推迟 put out 熄灭；关熄；扑灭put up 举起；抬起；张贴8：Later the government realized the problem and too
10、k action to improve the situation.后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。（1）realize v. 意识到；实现=come trueMy dream comes true.=I realize my dream.（2）improve v 提高；改善；改进 n. improvement 提高，改进；improve living standard提高生活水平; iprove your English;改善你的英语；Do you know how to improve your memory?9: Now the river is much cleaner
11、. 现在河流干净了很多。此处的much 用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有：much; still; even; far; a little; a bit; a lot; -How do you feel today? -Even worse.10: Well, in some ways it is.(P9)好的，在某种程度上它是。短语in some ways 在某些方面，在某种程度上In some ways, I do agree with you.1. in many ways 在许多方面；用许多方法； in this way用这种方法；2. on ones way to表示“在某人去的
12、路上”；(home/here/there这几个词前不需要加to)3. by the way表示“顺便说/问一句”； 4. all the way表示“全程；一直”；5. in a way在某一点上,在某种程度上6. in the way 挡道 in the way of sb挡在某人路上11:It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。（1）此处的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to see each other.常用句型：It is +adj
13、+ for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night. （2）as often as before 像以前一样的经常 as . as 像一样。12:Now I feel a bit lonelyfrom time to time. 现在我经常会感到有点孤单。（1）lonely: adj.孤独的，孤单的; 寂寞的; 荒凉的feel lonelyalone adv. 单独,独自=by oneself=on ones own1.Our teacher asks us to finish the
14、 task alone.=Our teacher asks us to finish the task by ourselves.=Our teacher asks us to finish the task on our own.2. My grandma lives alone, so she feels lonely sometimes.（2）time: n 时间; 次数;时代(常用复数)at the same time 同时 in time及时；适时 on time 按时，准时；按时all the time 始终，一直 at a time 一次；每次；在某时from time to t
15、ime 不时，有时 for the first time 首次；第一次1.2 Reading1. Ive just eaten it. just adv. 意为“刚才”常与完成时连用。just now 意为“刚才”，相当于“a moment ago”通常与一般过去时连用。I went to the library just now. 我刚才去了图书馆。2. You used to share food with me!used to do sth. 意为“过去经常做某事，以前常常做某事”，表示过去的习惯。本身已是过去时态，没有人称和数的变化，暗含现在已不再如此。它的否定形式有两种：didnt
16、use to/used not toHis parents used to live in the countryside. 他的父母过去住在乡下。be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事3. take turns to talk about it.turn用作名词时,意为“轮流”“依次轮流的顺序”。“Its ones turn to do sth”“轮到某人做某事了”take turns to do sth.“轮流做某事”。Youmuststandinlineandwaitforyourturn.你必须排队等候。takeonesturntodosth.=dosth.intur
17、n=dosth.byturnsturn用作系动词时,意为“变得”。Inspringthetreesturngreenandtheflowersstarttocomeout.春天,树变绿了,花儿开了?turn用作不及物动词时,意为“转向”“翻转”.turnright/left=turntotheright/leftturn on 打开turn off 关闭turn down 将（音量）调高turn up 将（音量）调低turn into 变成turn over 使翻转4. When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks awa
18、y get married 结婚be/get married with /to sb.和某人结婚marry sb. 和某人结婚5. Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.alone 单独 , 一个人 ( 用作状语 )，强调客观上的lonely 孤独地 , 寂寞地 (作表语或定语 )；（强调主观上的）偏僻的，荒凉的a bit/a bit of/ a little基本含义用法辨析a bit 稍微，有点修饰形容词、副词、比较级，修饰名词时后加of，即 a bit of.notabit=notatall, 意为“一点也不”a little 稍微，有点修饰形
19、容词、副词、比较级作形容词, 后直接接不可数名词notalittle=verymuch,意为“非常”,“很”from time to time关于time的词组from time to time 时不时地；偶尔（补充）on time 准时in time 及时sometime 某个时候6. Was pollution a problem then?pollution n. 污染（不可数名词）pollute vt. & vi. 污染 polluted adj. 受污染的7. Well, in some ways it isin some ways“从某种意义/程度上说”。In some ways,
20、 the Mid-autumn Festival is a traditional holiday.从某种意义上说，中秋节是个传统的节日。与way有关的搭配有：1. in many ways / in this way表示“以某种方式”。如： The music is played in a western way.这个音乐是以一种西方形式播放的。2. on ones way to表示“在某人去的路上”，要注意ones 要与主语保持一致，并且目的地是副词（如home，here，there等）时，要省去to。如：On his way home, Bill saw a pigeon and fou
21、nd its wing was injured.在回家的路上，比尔看到一只鸽子并发现它的翅膀受伤了。3. by the way表示“顺便说/问一句”。如：By the way, have you seen Susan these days? 顺便问一句，你近几天见到苏珊了吗？4. anyway表示“尽管；即使这样”Anyway， its good to see the amazing changes in the town.8. 词组积累be kind to sb.=be nice to sb.对某人友好know sth. very well对很了解since then从那时起move to
22、sp.搬到on railways 在铁路上move two blocks away搬出两个街区change a lot/a little改变很对/少in the past/in the future在过去/在将来turn/change sth. into sth.把变成water pollution水污染improve the situation改善情况putinto把倒入in the town centre=in the centre of town在镇中心in the northern part of town=in the north of town在镇北部a steel factory
23、钢铁厂As often as before像以前一样频繁over these years在这些年间1.3 GrammarPresent perfect tense (现在完成时)项目内容备注概念表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。Eddie has eaten my food.(Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。Eddie has lived with Mille since he was born.Eddie has lived with
24、Mille for four years.构成助动词has/have +动词的过去分词动词过去分词规则变化跟对应的过去式一样，在后面加ed.特殊变化详见书本。（P122-123）肯定形式They have finished their homework.He has finished his homework.缩略形式：they have=theyve;he has=hes否定形式They havent finished their homework.He hasnt finished his homework.疑问形式Have they finished their homework?Yes
25、, they have. / No, they havent.关键词already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句和疑问句), since+一点时间, for+一段时间,never, ever, three times(其它表示频率的词, once, twice等)before, recently, in the past/last few years, so far, this month, today, now表示过去某一个动作的结果，现在情况依然存在。这时一般不用时间状语。I have lost my pen.包括现在时间在内的时间状语如today, this month, this
26、 week等有时也用现在完成时。1.5 Task & Self-assessment1. abroad adv.在国外，到国外abroad常作副词，放在动词的后面，意为“到国外，在国外”。at home and abroad表示“在国内外”。abroad还可作名词，意为“异国；海外”，多与介词from连用。如：They have just returned from abroad. 他们刚从国外回来。Are you going abroad for your holiday? 你打算去国外度假吗？My uncle has been living abroad for more than ten
27、 years. 我的叔叔在国外住了十几年了。2. communicate vi. 交流；沟通；通讯communicate. with sb. 和某人沟通交流communication n. 交流；沟通；通讯3. Its nice to have open space and pretty gardens. 有露天的空间和漂亮的花园真好。open的用法open space意为“露天的空间、空地”。其中open是形容词，意为“未围上的；开阔的”。Children like to run around in the open fields. 孩子们喜欢在广阔的田野上追逐玩耍。open作形容词，还可以
28、表示“开着的”；反义词是closed，意为“关着的”。The door is open now. 门现在是开着的。open还可以作动词，意为“开，打开”；反义词是close，意为“关，关闭”。Please open the window. 请把窗户打开。It is good to open all the windows and air the rooms.打开所有窗户，给房间通通风是有益的。4. narrow adj. 狭窄的narrow的反义词是wide，作为adj.表示“宽阔的；宽广的”。a wide road 宽阔的马路。也可以作为副词，表示“宽地，张开地”widely adv. “广泛的” English is widely used in the world.
