人教版八年级上册unit6-知识点及练习.docx

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1、一、单词grow up 长大;成熟;成长computer programmer 计算机管理员cook kkn.厨师 v.烹饪;煮doctor dkt(r) n.医生 engineer endnr n.工程师 violinist valnst n.小提琴手driver drvar n.驾驶员;司机pilot palt n.飞行员pianist pnst n.钢琴家 scientistsantst n.科学家 be sure about 确信make sure 确保 college kld n. 学院;大学;高等专科学校education eduken n. 教育 medicine medsn n

2、. 药,医学 university junvrsti n. 综合性大学,高等学府Londonlndn 伦敦article rtkl文章,论文send sendv. 邮寄,发送resolution rezlunn. 决心,决定 team ti:m n. 队,组make the soccer team 成为足球队的一员foreign frn adj.外国的able ebl adj.能够be able to 能够做某事promise prms n.承诺,诺言 v.许诺,承诺beginning bnn. 开头,开端 at the beginning of 在开始improve mpruv v.改进,改

3、善 write down 写下;记录下physical fzkl adj.身体的 themselves ()mselvz pron. 他们自己;他们亲自have to do with关于;与有关系self-improvement selfmpruvmntn.自我改进,自我提高 take up(尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做hobby hbin. 业余爱好 paint pent v. 用颜料画;在上刷油漆weekly wikl adj.&adv. 每周的(地)schoolworkskulwk n. 学校作业;功课question kwest()nv.表示疑问;怀疑;提问;质询 meaning min

4、n. 意义;意思discuss dsks 讨论,商量 own on adj.&pron.自己的,本人的,拥有 personal prsnl adj.个人的,私人的 relationship rlenpn. 关系 Andy ndin. 安迪(男名)Ken ken肯(男名)Hemingway hemiwei 海明威(姓)Kellykel 凯莉(女名)TheOldManandtheSea 老人与海(美国小说作家海明威的小说) 重点单词1 study&learn (1)learn为“学习,学会”,侧重学习的成果,指从不知到知,从不会到会的学习,强调通过学习去获得知识和技能,它没有凭勤奋努力而获得知识的

5、意味。learn亦可指向某人学习,从某处学习及学习一门技能等。 如 learn music, learn new words, learn to skate, learn from experience, learn from Lei Feng (2)study为“学习,研究”,强调学习的过程,指深入系统地学习,带有努力,勤奋的意味。其学习对象往往是科学,艺术和需要深入探讨,研究的问题及学科,不是单纯地获得技巧。 如:study medicine, study science, study a map, study engineering, study painting。(3)在指某学科的“学

6、习”时,或在不需要强调两者的区别时, learn 和study可以换用。 如: How long have you learned/ studied Japanese? 你学习日语有多久了? 2 violinist n.小提琴手 这个词由violin+ist(后缀)组成。一般在英语中,一些词汇后面加上-ist可构成表示人的名词类似的词还有:science-scientist科学家.piano-pianist钢琴家.art-artist艺术家.画家等。【延伸】在英语中,还可以在一些单词后面加其他的后缀如:-or,-er,-ar,-ist,-ian,-yer,-ess.等表示人。(1) 在表示人的

7、这个意义上,-or,-er,-ar是最常出现的。例如:programmer(程序员)driver(司机)winner(获胜者)reporter(记者)actor(男演员)doctor(医生) governor(总督)scholar(学者)liar(撒谎者) (2) -ist, 表示从事研究者,信仰主义者 pianist,(钢琴家) artist(艺术家)(3) -ian, 表示地方人,信仰.教的人,从事职业的人”Canadian (加拿大人)Christian (基督徒) physician(内科医生),musician(音乐家)(4) -yer, 表示 从事职业者” lawyer(律师)(5

8、) -ess 阴性的 actress (女演员)英语中的后缀表示“人的职业”还有许多,并且这些规律也不是通用的。学习单词最主要的是举一反三,在识记的基础上多动脑子思考。3 sure意为“确信;肯定;有把握”,常用结构有:be sure of / about sth.表示“对某事有把握”。如:Im sure of / about the answer.be sure to do sth.表示“务必做某事,一定要做某事”。如:Be sure to come back home before dinner.be sure + that从句表示“肯定;确信”。如:Im sure (that) Lind

9、a will win the match.make sure表示“确保;查明”,其后可接of sth.,动词不定式或that从句。如:You must make sure of the time and place.Make sure to finish the work before tomorrow.Make sure (that) you get here before 9 oclock.【运用】完成句子,每空一词。(1)当你到伦敦后,一定要给我写信。_ _ _ _ to me when you arrive in London.(2)我们必须确保她能来。We must _ _ that

10、 she can come.(3)我确信米勒先生的地址。I _ _ _ Mr. Millers address.4 university & collegeuniversity是指综合性大学,一般比较正式。college有2种含义,一种是和university同等含义,表示大学,不过这种大学没有university大;另一种是指university下属的某个学院。school一般指高中及以下的学校。如primary school小学,middle school中学,high school高中。5 medicinen.药,医学 作药讲时, 是不可数名词;【注意】吃药:have/take medi

11、cine 一般不能用eat/drink medicine eat 和have 都有“吃”的意思,但是eat在日常口语中不够礼貌,让别人吃通常都是用“have”如:Where shall we have dinner?6 promise 作动词,意为“承诺;许诺”,常用结构为:(1) promise to do sth.如:They promised to follow the rules.(2) promise + that从句如:I promise (that) Ill never play computer games.(3) promise sb. + that从句如:Joe promi

12、sed me (that) he would help me with my English.作名词,意为“承诺;诺言”,常用短语包括:make a promise (to sb.) (向某人)许下诺言keep a promise信守诺言break a promise违背诺言【运用】完成句子,每空一词。(1)我不喜欢简,因为她从不信守诺言。I dont like Jane because she never _ _ _.(2)我爸爸许诺给我买一个飞机模型。My father _ _ _ me a model plane.(3)比尔答应我明天和我去动物园。Bill _ _ that he wou

13、ld go to the zoo with me tomorrow.7 practice 在英式英语中,practice 是名词,practise是动词,但在美式英语中,practice既可以是动词也可以是名词。practice doing练习做某事 在这种情况下,不能加不定式。8 beginning n.开头 相似的词是start,反义词是end,结束at the beginning of 在开头at the end of 在结尾from the beginning to the end 从开始到结束9 resolutionn.决心 New Years resolution 新年愿望清单 m

14、ake resolutions 下定决心10 question v.表示疑问;怀疑;提问;质询n.问题question 和problem的区别question强调于学习上的问题和科学方面问题,answer the questionproblem 强调于生活上的东西,比如借东西,对方说No problem.question在句子中作动词,是“质疑;质问;提问”的意思。例如:I just accepted what he told me. I never thought to question it.当question用作动词,表示对某人或事物进行提问时,是一种十分正式的用法,有“提问;询问;审问

15、”的意思。例如:The police questioned him for three hours before letting him go.11 be able to & can be able to和can都可表示“能; 能够”的意思, 但两者的用法有所不同。 【辨析】be able to有人称和数的变化,而can没有人称和数的变化。如: I am / My sister is / They are able to speak English well. I / My sister / They can speak English well.be able to可用于多种时态, 而can

16、只有现在式和过去式。如:The boy is able to do some cooking. I will be able to help you look after the dog next year.Linda was able to play the violin well at the age of 11. They can make kites.The girl could wash clothes when she was 10. 【运用】将下列句子翻译成英语。 (1) 他妹妹会弹钢琴。 (2) 他去年就会骑自行车。 练习1. Tony kept on (talk) with

17、people who were around him.2. My uncle practices (speak) English at home every day.3. In three days Bills grandparents (move) from Beijing to Shanghai.4. His son doesnt want (join) the language club.5. Jennys parents promised (take) her to the park.二 短语Section Acomputer programmer编程人员 study computer

18、 science学习计算机科学be good at doing sth.擅长于做某事 bus driver公共汽车司机 basketball player篮球运动员grow up长大;成熟;成长 make sure确保;查明 taking acting/singing lessons上表演/声乐课practice basketball练习打篮球 keep on doing sth.继续做某事 try ones best尽某人最大的努力want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 be sure about确信;对有把握go to a cooking school去烹饪学校上学 send

19、 articles to magazines把文章寄给杂志社finish high school高中毕业 race car driver赛车手 study . hard努力学习Section Bat the beginning of在开始 be able to do sth.能够做某事 for this reason出于这个原因go to college / university上大学 have to do with关于;与有关系 a kind of一种 make resolutions下决心different kinds of不同种类的 make promises to sb.向某人许下诺言

20、learn another foreign language再学一门外语 get a lot of exercise多锻炼 sounds like听起来像get good grades取得好成绩 the start of the year一年的开始 most of the time大多数时候physical health身体健康 make a weekly plan for sth.为某事做一个周计划make the soccer team成为足球队的一员 improve our lives改善我们的生活plans for the coming year来年的计划 take up a hobb

21、y培养一种兴趣爱好 write down写下;记录下have . in common 有相同特征;(想法、兴趣等方面)相同 too . to .太而不能question the idea of .质疑的想法 improve my relationships with sb. 改善我与某人的关系练习1. 他是篮球队员吗?Is he a ?2. 你长大了想做什么?What do you want to be when you ?3. 米勒先生是一位公交车司机。Mr. Miller is a .4. 我想成为一名护士,但是对此没有把握。I want to be a nurse, but Im it.

22、5. 凯特要去上表演课。Kate is going to .6. 我们都想取得好成绩。We all want to .7. 实际上决心是一种承诺。In fact a resolution is a .8. 此事与韩丽无关。This matter has Han Li.9. 你应该制订每周的学习计划。You should make a for schoolwork.10. 托尼决定开始培养新爱好。Tony decided to a new hobby.三 句型1 -What are you going to be when you grow up?-Im going to study compu

23、ter science.-你长大以后想做什么?-我想学电脑知识。what 疑问代词,引导特殊疑问句be going to 打算,计划 表示将来时。类似的句子还有:-How are you going to do that?-Im going to practice basketball every day.going to be “be”可以换成“become”成为2 What are you reading? 你在看什么?这句话也是由what引导的特殊疑问句,但是这里的are reading表示的是现在进行时的意思。【注意】be+doing表现在进行时be+going to do 表一般将来

24、时3 The Old Man and the Sea by Hemingway. 海明威的老人与海。 此处介词by为“由所著”之意。再如:a short story by Lu Xun (鲁迅的一部短篇小说),the music by Mozart(莫扎特写的音乐),paintings by Van Gogh(梵高的绘画)等。by的其他用法:1) by “通过方式”, by doing sth.如 Tom learns English by watching English movies. (翻译)2) by +交通工具 “乘坐交通工具”如 She goes to school by bus.

25、 (翻译)4 Im going to keep on writing stories keep on doing sth.可意为“继续做某事; 重复做某事”。如: She kept on working although she was tired. 她虽疲劳但仍继续工作。 Kate, dont keep on asking such questions. (翻译)【运用】将下列句子翻译成汉语。(1) Im going to keep on learning to sing and dance.(2) He keeps on phoning me and I really dont want

26、to talk to him. 5 Just make sure you try your best. 1)make sure表示“确保;查明”,其后可接of sth,动词不定式或that从句。如: Did you lock the door? I think so, but Id better make sure of it. Make sure to close the door when you leave. She looked around to make sure that she was alone. 【运用】单项选择。There arent many tickets left

27、for the concert, youd better _ that you get one today. A. make sure of B. make a decision C. make sureD. make plans2)try ones best意为“尽某人最大的努力”,其后常接带to的动词不定式,即try ones best to do sth.,表示“尽某人最大的努力去做某事”。如:You should try your best to finish the work today. 你应该尽力今天完成这份工作。【运用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子,每空一词。 我们应该尽力帮助这些

28、孩子。 We should _ _ _ _ _ these children.6 Then you can be anything you want! 那么你就能当上你想做的人了。 此句的基本意思是you can be anything,不定代词anything指代未来所从事的某一职业,you want用来修饰anything。7 We hope that we are going to improve our lives. 我们希望可以提高自己的生活。hope希望 wish 也表示希望,它们既有相同点,又有不同。两词都表示希望,但在用法上有相同和不同之处,不能随意互换。(一)相同之处(1)都

29、可接不定式作宾语。We wish to see the film.我们都想看电影。The children hope to do something for the old man.孩子们希望为老人做一些好事。(2)都能以某些代词作宾语。Thats what you have wished.如你所愿。You cant hope much from such people.你不能在这种人身上希望太大。(3)都能与介词for连用,后接名词或某些不定代词,表示希望得到祈求。Do you hope for peace?你渴望和平吗?Do you wish for anything better?你希望

30、某些事变得更好吗?(4)都可与过去过完成时连用,表示本来想做而没做成。I had hoped to come here, but I couldnt.我以前想过来这里,但没有。He had wished to finish it on time, but he didnt.他希望可以按时完成,但没有成功。(5)都用于It is / was to bethat的句型中。It is to be hoped that she will get full marks in English.希望她会在英语考试中得到满分。It is to be wished that the problem will s

31、oon be solved.希望问题可以尽快解决。(二)不同之处hope用法如下:(1) 从说话语气上看,hope 用于表示可能实现的事情,后接从句时,用陈述语气。如:I hope I shall see him again. 我希望再见他一次。(2)从时间上看,hope 所希望的一般指将来或现在的事情,不用于指过去的事情。如:I hope he will come. 我希望他会来。(3)从含义上看,hope 多用于指对好事的盼望、预想;对坏事的预想则多用“Im afraid.”。如:I hope it will be fine tomorrow. 我希望明天天气好。Im afraid it

32、will rain again. 恐怕还要下雨。(4)从句型上看,hope 可用hope to do sth句型,而不能用hope sb to do sth句型。(5) hope后面还可以接that 从句,意为“希望;能就好了”。如:She hopes that I will pass the exam. 她希望我能通过考试。(6)hope可与so或not连用,分别代替一个具有肯定和否定意义的宾语从句,以免重复,wish则不能。-Will it be fine tomorrow? 明天能好吗?-I hope so.希望如此。-Will it rain tomorrow? 明天会下雨吗? -I

33、hope not.希望不会。(7)与hope有关的几个词组:hope for the best 希望获得最好的结果in the hope of sth 怀着的希望live in hope(s) of 满怀希望wish的用法:(1)wish作为及物动词,可接名词或代词作宾语,hope则不能。Do you wish a pen or a book?(2)wish能接双宾语表示祝愿,hope则不能。I wish you success. 。(3) wish能接复合宾语,hope则不能。I wish you to go with me.wish和hope都能接that引导的从句,但wish后的从句的谓

34、语动词要用虚拟语气(动词用过去时,或过去完成时),hope则用所需要的时态。I hope that he will win the game. 我希望他可以赢得比赛。I wish that I knew the answer. 我希望我可以知道答案。wish, hope都可作名词,可数或不可数均可,wish表示愿望心愿祝愿,hope表示希望。8 Some people write down their resolution and plans for the coming year. write down由“动词+副词”构成,意为“写下;记下”。当write down后接名词作宾语时,名词可位

35、于down之后,也可位于write 和down之间;当write down后接代词作宾语时,代词通常位于write 和down之间。如:Please write down your name on the paper.The telephone number is very important. You should write it down.【运用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子,每空一词(含缩略形式)。请把答案写在试卷的背面。Please _ _ _ _ on the back of the papers. 9 Some resolutions have to do with better p

36、lanning, 有些决定与合理的时间规划相关,1) 此句中的planning为名词,表示“计划;规划”等意思,如:city planning(城市规划)等。英语中better planning类似汉语中的“合理规划”,指通过制定计划来更加充分的利用时间、空间、精力等。2) have to do with这个结构表示“与相关;与有关联或有关系”。例如:What does this problem have to do with what were learning today? 这道题跟我们今天所学的内容有什么关系?10 Sometimes the resolutions may be too

37、 difficult to keep.有些时候,这些决定可能太难而无法实现。1) 此处情态动词may表示推测,相当于汉语的“可能;或许;大概”之意。如:You may be right this time, but Im not sure. 这一次你或许是对的,但我无法确定。2) 英语中tooto是一种固定结构,表示“太而不能够”。如:The kid is too young to play this game. 这孩子太小,不能玩这个游戏。l“too . to .”结构可用“so . that .”结构改写。如:Im too busy to go out with you. = Im so

38、busy that I cant go out with you. 也可用“not . enough to .”结构(不够而不能)改写,但enough前面的形容词或副词与“too . to .” 结构中的形容词或副词互为反义词。如: Jim is too short to reach the book. = Jim is not tall enough to reach the book. 【运用】根据要求完成下列各题。1. A: The box is so heavy that we cant carry it.B: The box is _ heavy for us _ carry. (句

39、型转换)2. 我太累了而不能工作。 (翻译成英语)_ 3. The boy is not old enough to go to school. (用too . to . 改写句子)_3) 本句中的动词keep意为“履行(诺言等);遵守(惯例等)”,这是keep的常见用法之一。类似的句子还有:People hardly ever keep them! 人们很少履行它们(指计划)。 在这一语义下,常见的表示还有keep a promise(信守诺言),keep ones word(遵守承诺;说话算数)等。如:We always keep our word. 我们说话是算数的。练习1. Mary

40、is going to study in England, so she often practices English with her friends. A. speaksB. to speakC. speakingD. spoken2. Sonias brother is going to be an , so he takes lessons every day. A. actor; actingB. act; act C. action; actorD. action; acting3. He says he is going to keep on basketball. A. pl

41、ayB. to playC. playingD. played4. He likes sports and he tennis. A. is good atB. is good forC. is good withD. is good to5. He is a(n) and he spends most of his time in the sky. A. cookB. violinistC. pilotD. engineer6. Do you want to a doctor when youre older? A. isB. areC. beD. am7. His sister is learning the piano in the club. A. playB. to playC. playingD. played8. If you want to , you must work hard. A. get good gradesB. get lots of exercise C. get dressedD. get to9. Next week I a party. A. am going to haveB. had C. is havingD. has10. The apple is very delicious. Can I have

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