1、Contents Basic sentence partsSentence expansionAre they sentences?1.He came.2.I like reading.3.How to use this?4.It was raining hard,they could not work in the fields.5.I think the boy clever.I.Basic Sentence PartsA sentence contains at least a subject(主语主语)and a predicate(谓语谓语).The elements of sent
2、ences mainly include subject,predicate,direct and indirect object(直接宾语和间接宾语),and complement(补语).1.SubjectThe subject is the person,place,thing or idea that is doing or being something.a simple subject:the subject without modifiersa complete subject:the simple subject with all its modifiersa compound
3、 subject:two or more nouns or pronouns joined with coordination conjunction(并列连词and,but,or)or a correlative conjunction(关联连词not onlybut also,either.or,neither.nor)1.After the match,he decided to take a long nap.2.Many people think China is a great country.3.Both Amy and Kay get up at 5:00 every morn
4、ing.simple subjectcomplex subjectcompound subject Sometimes,though,a simple subject even can be an entire clause.What he had already forgotten about computer repair could fill whole volumes.2.Predicate A predicate is the completer(完成者)of a sentence.a simple predicate:a verb or verb phrase with auxil
5、iaries telling something about the subject.a complete predicate:the verb and all accompanying modifiers and other words that receive the action of a transitive verb(及物动词)or complete its meaninga compound predicate:two or more predicates connected about the same subject.1.Iron rusts.2.Class one is pl
6、anning to have a picnic.3.Amy jumped on her bike and rode around the school.a simple predicatea complete predicatea compound predicate3.Direct and indirect objectA direct object is the receiver of action within a sentence.An indirect object identifies to or for whom or what the action of the verb is
7、 performed.1.The boy gave his girlfriend(IO)some flowers(DO).2.Marry sold me(IO)her computer(DO).4.Complements(补语补语)A complement completes the sense of a subject or an object.A subject complement follows a linking verb;it is normally an adjective or a noun that defines the subject.An object compleme
8、nt follows a direct object.It can be a noun or adjective,an infinitive clause,or a prepositional clause.1.That garbage on the street smells bad.2.She is beautiful and gentle.3.The trip made him very happy.4.Tom asked me to help him with his homework.SCSCOCOCPractice(P80)There are five basic sentence
9、 patterns in English as follows:(1)SV(主谓)(2)SVO(主谓宾)(3)SVoO(主谓双宾)(4)SVOOC(主谓宾宾补)(5)SVC(主系表)I swim.I like you.She lent me a car.I think the boy clever.She looked tired.II.Expansion on Basic Sentence PatternsII.Expansion on Basic Sentence Patterns(1)Modification Modifiers,such as attributives(定语)or ad
10、verbials(状语),develop the basic sentence elements.Basic：Birds fly.Expanded:many birds fly south in winter.Basic:The boy was yelling.Expanded:The boy who was in red was yelling desperately.(2)Compounding Compounding means using more than one of the basic sentence elements to expand a sentence.Basic：He
11、 enjoyed dances.Expanded:He and his wife enjoyed dances,parties and concerts.Basic:The boy was yelling.Expanded:The boy was yelling and crying.(3)Combining clauses(3)Combining clauses1)Independent clause(独立句独立句)A main clause or a superordinate clause.An independent clause can stand alone.1.My mother
12、 changed me a lot.2.Amy and Jim meet every day.They study in the same school.2)Dependent clause(从属分句从属分句)A subordinate clause.An dependent clause can not stand alone and needs to be attached to an independent clause.Examples?P84Dependent clauses can be classified into adjective clause,adverb clause,
13、and noun clause.Adjective clauses,sometimes called relative clauses(关系分句),modify nouns or pronouns and always follow the nouns or pronouns.They are introduced by relative pronounsthat,what,whatever,which,who,Whose,whom,whoever,whomever,where,when.1.Visitors who came to Beijing would often go to the
14、Great Wall.2.All that glitters is not gold.3.The chair which he sat in is a broken one.P87 Adverb clauses modify whole clauses,functioning as adverbs.They are adjuncts（附属品）（附属品）,since they are optional constituents in sentences.1.Adverb clauses of reason2.Adverb clauses of time3.Adverb clauses of co
15、ncession(让步让步)4.Adverb clauses of manner5.Adverb clauses of condition6.Adverb clauses of comparativesCan you give examples?P87 Noun clauses function as a noun.They include subject clause,object clause,complementary clause,appositive clause.Examples?1.What you said is right.2.They decided which candi
16、date was qualified.3.The question is who will go with you.4.She kenw the fact that he didnt notice the car unitl too late.用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact,idea,news,hope,belief,thought,truth,doubt,suggestion,warning,information等之后,对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that,whether外,还有关系代词what,which,who,以及关系副how,when,where,why等1.I have no idea what you mean.2.He made a suggestion that we should take a bus.
