1、高考英语一轮复习：主语从句知识点和语法填空练习题定义：在复合句中，当从句在主句中起相当于名词的作用时，这类从句就叫名词性从句。功能：和名词一样，名词性从句通常在主句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导词：1.连词that whetherif2.连接代词whatwhich whosewho3.连接副词whenwherehowwhy 如：1) He saidthat his friends name was Johnson.（宾语从句） 2) I wonderifwhether she will be able to come.（宾语从句） 3) Do you knowwhat lightning is?（
2、宾语从句） 4)What he told meastonished me .(主语从句) 5) Can you tell mewhose book it is?（宾语从句） 6) I forgotwhen and where I first metDick.（宾语从句） 7) Will you please tell mehow I can get to the station ?（宾语从句） 8) Mother asked himwhy he had stayed out so late.（宾语从句） 9) The question isthat he cant drive acar.（表语
3、从句）10) The ideathat we may go fishing tomorrow makes all of us excited.（同位语从句）一主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较。It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：It is a pity that you didnt go to se
4、e the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2. 用it 作形式主语的结构。(1) It is +名词+从句It is a fact that 事实是It is an honor that 非常荣幸It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) it is +形容词+从句It is natural that 很自然It is strang
5、e that 奇怪的是(3) it is +不及物动词+从句It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧(4) it +过去分词+从句It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that 已证实3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况。(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2) It is said ， (reported) 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)That Presid
6、ent Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)(3) It happens， It occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)(4) It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It doesnt matter whether he is w
7、rong or not. (right)Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (wrong)(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别。What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that 则不然。例如：1) What you said yester
8、day is right.2) That she is still alive is a consolation.二.宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语。(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略)例如：I heard that be joined the army.(2) 由what， whether (if) 引导的宾语从句例如：1) She did not know what had happened.2) I wonder whether you can change this note for
9、 me.(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语。例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语。例如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：Anxious， aware， certain， confident， convinced， determined， glad， proud， s
10、urprised， worried， sorry， thankful， ashamed， disappointed， annoyed， pleased， hurt， satisfied， content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。4. It 可以作为形式宾语。It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：We heard it that she would get married next month.5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词。这类动词有Allow， refuse， let，
11、like， cause， force， admire， condemn， celebrate， dislike， love， help， take， forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：I admire their winning the match. (right)I admire that they won the match. (wrong)6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词。有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy， order， accuse， refuse， impress， forgi
12、ve， blame， denounce， advise， congratulate等。例如：He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)7. 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为Think， consider， wuppose， believe， expect， fancy， guess， imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：I dont think this dr
13、ess fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)三.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be， look， remain， seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the supp
14、ort of the people3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能。同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。例如：1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all
15、 the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置。同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别。(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)
16、 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语)2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分) 。语法填空1.As natural architects
17、, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe wallsneeded to be to make the cycle work on most days.2.I truly believe _ beauty comes from within.3._ we understand things has a lot to do with what wefeel.4._ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public,but some wont acce
18、pt.5.If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate _is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.6.We must find out _Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.7.A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not _ships are built for.8.-I wonder _Mary has kept her
19、 figure after all these years.-By working out every day.9.You have to know _youre going if you are to plan the bestway of getting there.10.Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for _ Doris had achieved in literature.11.Your support is important to our work._you can do helps.12.The most plea
20、sant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.13.The manager put forward a suggestion _we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.14We know from the survey on cigarettes _warning messages on product containers and in ads can affect consumption of potentially da
21、ngerous products.15.Following the decline in house prices in many small and mediumsized cities, there are now signs _ house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide.16Tens of thousands of people marched to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, celebrating the 50th anniversary of Kings famou
22、s speech, through which we know_he said meant to the black.17New plans for the college entrance examination in Zhejiang are_ students have to be tested on Chinese, math, English and another three subjects as they prefer.18There is a strong possibility _ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the
23、future.19.As John Lennon once said, life is_ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.20_ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.21_mathematics is one of the most useful sections in human knowledge is widely accepted.22The bride and groom gave_ attended their weddin
24、g some gifts to share their happiness.23.I couldnt imagine _difficult it was for these badly injured victims to make it to the hospital.24Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “Thats _I was born.”25.Some people believe _has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.答案解
25、析1.解析：根据题意，the Pueblo Indians要弄明白墙体需要多厚来达到循环的作用。判断出是figured out之后的句子，是宾语从句，后面句子完整，所以填how。2.解析：根据句意：我确信美丽来自内在。beauty comes from within.为宾语从句，句子完整，填that。3.解析：根据判断，该句子是个主语从句，we understand things是完整句，填How。4.解析：根据判断：_ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born是个主语从句，而从句是完整句，这里表示地方，填where5.解析：根据is below the w
26、ater surface.是位于动词investigate后，故是宾语从句，而从句缺主语，填what。6.解析：我们要弄明白Karl是什么时候来，以便我们好给他订房间。Karl is coming,是宾语从句，句子完整，所以填when7.解析：_ships are built for是位于is之后，所以是表语从句，而for后没有宾语，所以填what。8.解析：Mary has kept her figure after all these years该句子是位于动词后，是宾语从句，根据下列的回答用的是by working out every day.故填how9.解析：youre going位
27、于know之后，是宾语从句，这里表示去那里，故填where。10解析：读她的的自传，我崇拜Doris获得的文学成就。Doris had achieved in literature.是位于介词后，故是宾语从句缺宾语，填what；11.解析：you can do.该句是个主语从句，缺宾语，故填whatever。12.解析：one can be entirely free from dust.是is之后的表语从句，而该从句是完整句，故填that。13.解析：经理提出了一个建议及时我们应该找一个助理，因为有太多的工作要做。该句子we should have an assistant位于名词sugge
28、stion后，而从句是个完整句，故是同位语从句，填that。14.解析：句意为：我们从关于香烟的调查了解到，在产品包装盒上和广告中的警告信息能够影响潜在的危险产品的消费。know后的宾语从句结构完整，因此用从属连词that引导。15.解析：句意为：随着中小型城市房价的下跌，现在有迹象表明在大城市房价也可能有下滑的趋势。signs后是同位语从句，从句结构和意义完整，用从属连词that引导。16.解析：句意为：数以万计的人奔向马丁路德金纪念碑，庆祝他的那次著名的演讲发表50周年。通过这个演讲，我们知道他所说的对于黑人的意义。设空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指“他所说的话”，故填what。17
29、.解析：句意为：浙江的高考新计划是考生必须参加语文、数学、英语和他们喜欢的其他三科的考试。设空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分和意义，故用that引导。18.解析：句意为：人类在将来主要依靠太阳能是非常有可能的。设空后的从句句子结构完整，不缺少成分，且是对possibility的进一步解释、说明，故设空处引导同位语从句，故填that。19.解析：句意为：正如约翰列侬曾经所说，生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。设空处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语，故填what。20.解析：句意为：延误的航班将何时起飞主要取决于天气。分析句子结构可知，depends much on是句子的谓语，
30、_ the delayed flight will take off是句子的主语，设空处引导主语从句。根据句意，设空处在主语从句中作时间状语，故填when。21.解析：句意为：人们普遍认为数学是人类知识中最有用的部分之一。设空处引导主语从句且从句中不缺任何成分，故用that引导。22.解析：句意为：新娘和新郎给每个参加他们婚礼的人都送了礼物，来分享他们的幸福。设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，意思是“凡是的人”，相当于anyone who，故用whoever。23.解析：句意为：我无法想像这些严重受伤的受害者能成功到达医院该有多么困难。设空处引导宾语从句，空后是形容词difficult，应该用how修饰，how difficult it was意为“这是多么困难”。24.解析：句意为：“那就是我出生的地方，”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院，所以设空处应该是表地点，故用where引导该表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。25.解析：句意为：一些人认为，无论是曾经发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情，都会在将来重演。从句中缺少主语，且表示“无论的事情”，故填whatever。第 11 页 共 11 页
