1、The boy who is reading a book over there is my friend.He is my friend.He is reading a book over there.Declan is a famous singer.He sings the song tell me why.Declan is a famous singer who sings the song tell me why.He is a popular singer whose song is popular among young people.He is a famous singer
2、 who is from Taiwan.在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句定语从句。被。被定语从句修饰的词，叫定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词先行词。引导定语从句的关联词有：引导定语从句的关联词有：关系代词关系代词：who,whom whose,which,that 关系副词：关系副词：when,where关系代词的句法功能及指代功能关系代词的句法功能及指代功能 关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，身兼三职：连接主从句的纽带、指代先行身兼三职：连接主从句的纽带、指代先行词和在从句中充当某种句
3、子成分。现在我词和在从句中充当某种句子成分。现在我们将常用的关系代词的指代功能和在句子们将常用的关系代词的指代功能和在句子中的句法功能总结如下：中的句法功能总结如下：指代人指代人指代物指代物指代人指代人或物或物主语主语whowhichthat宾语宾语whom/whowhichthat定语定语whose(=of whom)whose(=of which)在从句在从句中的作用中的作用指代指代功能功能定语从句的位置定语从句的位置定语从句一定放在被修饰的成分之后。定语从句一定放在被修饰的成分之后。e.g.This is the car which he bought last year.先行词先行词定
4、语从句定语从句Do you know the doctor?He spoke just now.Do you know the doctor who spoke just now?whom 指人指人,在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语,可省略。可省略。e.g.Do you know the man(whom)we saw at the Beijing Hotel?The girl is from America.I called her just now.The girl(whom)I called just now is from America.which 指物指物,在句中作主语或宾语在句中作主
5、语或宾语,作作宾语时可以省略。宾语时可以省略。e.g.Im not interested in the book which has just been published.applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is small.The apple which is green is big.I have read the newspaper.It carries the import
6、ant news.I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.I showed him the letter.I received it this morning.I showed him the letter(which)I received this morning.that 指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。作宾语时可以省略。e.g.The house that Im going to buy faces south.Theyre talking about the f
7、ilm.I have seen the film.Theyre talking about the film(that)Ive seen.It was written by Laoshe.Jane has borrowed the book.Jane has borrowed the book that was written by Laoshe.*先行词前有下列词语修饰时，定先行词前有下列词语修饰时，定语从句必须用语从句必须用that 引导。引导。all,every,any,little,few,much,no,only,very,the+序数词序数词,the+形容词最高级形容词最高级e.g
8、.This is the cleanest park that you can imagine.He talked about the things and persons he had visited in the city.*在在 who 或或 which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用中，限制性定语从句必须用 that 引导。引导。that e.g.Who is the man is standing over there.thate.g.This is the only book that has been written in French.*先行词在从句中
9、作表语时先行词在从句中作表语时,限制性定限制性定语从句通常用语从句通常用 that 引导。引导。(常可省略常可省略)e.g.She is no longer the girl that she was before she went to the country.That is the new machine.The parts of it are too small to see.Thats the machine whose parts are too small to see.当先行词是当先行词是 one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those 等等,指人时
10、一般用指人时一般用 who,不用不用 that。e.g.Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.在以疑问词在以疑问词who开头的句子中开头的句子中,或关系代或关系代词在从句中作表语时词在从句中作表语时,用用that,不用不用who。e.g.Who is the man that is shouting there?She is not the girl that she used to be.先行词是人先行词是人,从句中缺动词宾语或介词从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语时宾语时,用用w
11、hom或或that(介词后不用介词后不用that)。e.g.The teacher wants to return the book to the girl from whom he borrowed it.He is the student(whom,who,that)youwant to see.关系代词关系代词 that,which,whom 在从句中作在从句中作宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则不可省略。不可省略。*whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。指人或物，在从句中作定语。The girl got first.Her father had giv
12、en us a report.The girl whose father had given us a report got first.e.g.Thats the man whose house was burned down.I.根据所给汉语提示，用定语从句完成下根据所给汉语提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。列句子。1.This is the best film _(我看过的我看过的).(that)I have everseen2.He has a daughter _(在医院工作的在医院工作的).3.The tree _ _(叶子变红了叶子变红了的的)is an old one.who/th
13、at workswhose leaves turn red/thein a hospitalleaves of which turn redII.从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Is there anything _ I can do for you?A.which B.who C.whom D.that D2.I have seen some strange trees,_ open at sunrise and close at sunset.A.which the leaves B.whose leaves C.w
14、hich leaves D.their leaves3.All _ we need is enough rest after long hours work.A.the thing B.that C.what D.whichBB4.On the train I saw a girl _ I thought was your sister.A.who B.whom C.which D.what5.Have you seen the film“Titanic”_ leading actor is world-famous?A.its B.that C.whose D.whichAC3.Do you
15、 know the boy _ leg was broken when he fell out of a tree?4.This is the boy _ sister is a famous singer.5.The letter _ I received yesterday is from my brother.6.The film _ we saw last night was wonderful.7.The man _ was here a minute ago is my uncle.whosewhose(which/that)(which/that)who/that8.The tr
16、ain _ was going to Guangdong was late.9.The book _ he is reading is very interesting.10.Theyll never forget the days _ they spent in the countryside.11.Theyll never forget the days _ they studied together.which/that(which/that)(which/that)when when,where,why 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句初步感知初步感知1.The mines where I
17、 worked were 9 km from my home.2.The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.3.The time when I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.4.The government building where we voted was very tall.5.The date when I arrived was late at night.1.The mines _ I worked were 9 km from my home.2.The reason
18、 _ I got a job was because of my hard work.3.The time _ I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.4.The government building _ we voted was very tall.5.The date _I arrived was late at night如何来确定引导词如何来确定引导词?如何来确定引导词如何来确定引导词?方法一：根据先行词方法一：根据先行词方法二：还原法方法二：还原法 (把先行词还原到定语从句中去把先行词还原到定语从句中去)例一：例一：The mines _ I
19、worked were 9 km from my home.I worked _.in the mines地点状语地点状语where/in which例二：例二：The reason _I got a job was because of my hard work.I got a job _.for the reason原因状语原因状语why/for which例三：例三：The time I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.I joined the ANC _.at the time时间状语时间状语when/at which例四：例四：The gov
20、ernment building we voted was very tall.We voted _.in the building地点状语地点状语where/in which例五：例五：The date I arrived was late at night.I arrived _.on the date时间状语时间状语when/on which1.The time _ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.2.The school _ I studied for only two years wa
21、s 3 km away.3.The day _ Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.4.The parts of town _ they had to live were decided by white people.5.The places _ they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.when/at which where/in which when/on which where/in which where/in which1.After liv
22、ing in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when2.It was an exciting moment for these people this year,_ for the first time their team won the World Cup.A.that B.while C.which D.when D B介词加关系代词(which/whom)引导的定语从句 1.Mandela was the black la
23、wyer to whom I went for advice.2.He was generous with his time,for which I was grateful.3.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.4.It was a prison from which no one escaped.5.He is a man of great experience,from whom much can be learned.6.Chapin,for whom money was n
24、ow no problem,start a new film company with his friends.7.Antarctica,about which we know very little,is covered with thick ice all the year round.介词前置的定语从句1.1.考点一考点一：引导词引导词which,whomwhich,whom2.2.考点二：介词的确定考点二：介词的确定方法：还原法先行词还原到定方法：还原法先行词还原到定语从句中去语从句中去,看看它与定语从句看看它与定语从句之间需要哪个介词来连接之间需要哪个介词来连接例一：例一：Mande
25、la was the black lawyer _whom I went for advice._ whom I went for advice.I went _ Mandela for advice.toto例二：例二：It was a prison _ which no one escaped._ which no one escaped.No one escaped _ the prison.fromfrom综合练习1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2.Is that factory which your father onc
26、e worked in?3.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4.July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget._(去掉去掉)which_tothe one5.I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.6.Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.7.Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8.I do
27、nt like the way which you talked to your friend.inwhen_who_(that/which)9.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons.10.Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.11.We heard the news which our team won the game.12.The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable._ t
28、hat_ that _whyit_13.Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.14.That was the reason because she looked old.15.Taiwan,that we know,belongs to China.aswho_why16.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.17.Which is known to all,many satellite are going around in the sk
29、y.18.The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.that_Asthat_定语从句补充内容They live in a house,whose door opensto the south.whose 可以转换为可以转换为“of+which”,即即whose+n.=the+n.+of+which =of+which+the+n.一一.whose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a
30、 house,the door of which open to the south.二二.先行词是先行词是way,引导词通常是引导词通常是 in which/that/省略省略 _ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth._ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth.AsIt三三.as 引导定语从句，通常以下面句引导定语从句，通常以下面句式出现式出现As is known to all,As we all know,1.I have borrow
31、ed many books,many of _ are about music.2.I have borrowed many books,and many of _ are about music.1.There are 50 students in their class,most of _ are from Tonglu.2.There are 50 students in their class,and most of _ are from Tonglu.whichthemwhomthem四四.有有and,but,so等连词连接的复合句等连词连接的复合句 不不是定语从句，不需要用引导词去引导是定语从句，不需要用引导词去引导
