1、被动语态四川巴中水宁赖丽琼被动语态牛津8B Unit 3四川省巴中市巴州区水宁寺镇小学赖丽琼被动语态四川巴中水宁赖丽琼牛津牛津8B Unit 3被动语态被动语态 英语动词的语态英语动词的语态 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 例：We speak English.（主动语态）主 谓 宾 English is spoken by us.（被动语态）主 谓 介词+宾语 主动语态 被动语态 We clean the classroom.The classroom is cleaned by us.She closed the window.The window was cl
2、osed by her.He wrote a letter last night.A letter was written by him.被动语态四川巴中水宁赖丽琼 被动语态的构成 主语+be +过去分词过去分词+其他The simple present tense:(一般现在时)Iam(not)CaughtYou/We/Theyare(not)She/He/Itis(not)The simple past tense:(一般过去时)Iwas(not)CaughtYou/We/Theywere(not)She/He/Itwas(not)带情态动词的被动语态：Ican(not)may(not)m
3、ust(not)should(not)beCaughtYou/We/TheyShe/He/It被动语态四川巴中水宁赖丽琼 被动语态的用法：被动语态的用法：（见课本P45）1当动作执行者显而易见时。当动作执行者显而易见时。（即没必要指出动作的执行者)Our classroom is cleaned every day.2当我们不知道或不能想起谁是动作的执行者时当我们不知道或不能想起谁是动作的执行者时。he cars were made in Tianjing in 1995.3当我们认为行为（动作）比谁是这个行为（动作）的执行者更重当我们认为行为（动作）比谁是这个行为（动作）的执行者更重要时。要
4、时。The red coats in this shop were sold out yesterday.被动语态四川巴中水宁赖丽琼主动语态与被动语态的谓语动词形式主动语态与被动语态的谓语动词形式(以动词以动词do为例为例)时 态 动词的主动形式 动词的被动形式一般现在时 do(does)am/is/are done一般过去时 did was/were done一般将来时 will do will be done现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done现在完成时 have
5、/has done have/has been done过去完成时 had done had been done过去将来时 would do would be done（另：情态动词+do 情态动词+be done)被动语态四川巴中水宁赖丽琼被动语态的谓语动词形式被动语态的谓语动词形式 时 态 动词的被动形式例句 一般现在时 amisare doneHe is asked to do this.一般过去时 waswere doneThe room was cleaned by her mother.一般将来时 will be done The trees will be cut down to
6、morrow.现在进行时 amisare being doneThe book is being written.过去进行时 waswrere being doneAt that time the desk was being made.现在完成时 havehas been done The building has been built.过去完成时 had been done He said that his homework had been done.过去将来时 would be done They said the trees would be planted soon被动语态四川巴中
7、水宁赖丽琼被动语态的各种句型The book is liked by young people.(肯定句)The book isnt liked by young people.（否定句）Is the book liked by young people?（一般疑问句）Yes,it is./No,it isnt.(回答)Whom Who is the book liked by?（特殊疑问句）The room is cleaned,isnt it?(反义疑问句)被动语态四川巴中水宁赖丽琼主动语态改为被动语态的方法 1.把主动句中的宾语改成被动句的主语,原主语改成宾语 2 动词改为被动形式 be
8、+P.P (同时注意时态)3 原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去 .例：(1)We speak English.（主动语态）主 谓 宾 English is spoken by us.主 谓 介词+宾语 (2)The man killed a tiger.A tiger was killed by the man.被动语态四川巴中水宁赖丽琼特殊句型的被动语态一 双宾语 give,pass,show，teach,tell等动词常常带有两个宾语即双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语，改为被动语态时，可以选其中任何一个作主语。如果直接宾语作主语，那么间接宾语前要加相
9、应的介词to/for。但ask,answer 后的双宾语，一般将间接宾语（人）变为主语；buy,make 等后的双宾语，一般将直接宾语（物）变为主语 例：He gave me a pen.=He gave a pen to me.间 直 直 间 I was given a pen by him.间 A pen was given to me by him.直 My mother bought me a new coat.=My mother bought a new coat for me.直 间 A new coat was bought for me by my mother.被动语态四川
10、巴中水宁赖丽琼特殊句型的被动语态 二使役动词（make/let/have）或感官动词（hear,see,listen to,find,watch,feel等），在主动语态中，其后作宾语补足语的不定式不带to，但是在改成被动语态时必须加to，另外help在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to,但在被动语态中也必须加to。例：Mother often makes me do some housework.I am often made to do some housework by mother.We saw him run into the classroom.He was see
11、n to run into the classroom by us.被动语态四川巴中水宁赖丽琼特殊句型的被动语态 三 复合宾语 含有宾语补足语的句子改为被动语态,只能把宾语作为被动语态的主语。（宾补放在原来位置不变）例：We call him Tom.主谓宾 宾补 e is called Tom by us.He found the book very interesting.The book was found very interesting by him.四 不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。例：e should speak to old peo
12、ple politely.Old people should be spoken to politely(by us).He took away the box.The box was taken away by him.被动语态四川巴中水宁赖丽琼没有被动语态的动词 1.不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:happen take place（发生）,break out(爆 发)，break down(坏了),appear,die，end,fail,last,lie,sit,spread（传播）,stand,come true,fall asleep,belong to
13、,consist of等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态 2.大多数系动词大多数系动词：be,feel(摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来),taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。3.表示状态或特征的动词表示状态或特征的动词.如 have,cost,fit,suit 等没有被动形式.例：he milk tastes strange.The story happened in in 2000.The meeting lasted for 2 hours.被动语态四川巴中水宁赖丽琼被动语态练习一、单项选择：(注意语态和时态.)1.The t
14、all building_ years ago.A built B was built C is built D builds B2 What a nice garden!It _ every day.A is cleaning B was cleaning C must clean D is cleanedD3 The trees _ every day.A water B must watered C must be watered D has wateredC4 If the child_,please telephone the police.A found B is found C
15、was found D has foundB5 _ this kind of question often_ in your class,Li Ping?A Does,ask B Is,asked C Has,asked D Will,askB6 She is ofen seen _ basketball on the playground.A play B to play C plays D playing B7 Rice _ in South China.A grows B is grow C is grown D are grownC8 We _ trees in spring.A pl
16、ant B are planted C are planting D will plantA 被动语态四川巴中水宁赖丽琼被动语态练习二、动词填空：二、动词填空：(注意语态和时态.)1 The room_ 1 The room_(clean)(clean)just now.just now.was cleanedwas cleaned 2 Trees _ 2 Trees _ (plant)(plant)in spring every year.in spring every year.are plantedare planted 3 The room _ 3 The room _ (should
17、 clean)(should clean)every day.every day.should be cleanedshould be cleaned 4 This jacket _ 4 This jacket _ (make)(make)of cotton.of cotton.is madeis made 5 Sandy _ just _ 5 Sandy _ just _(sweep)(sweep)the floor.the floor.has has sweepedsweeped 6 Oh,the milk _ 6 Oh,the milk _ (taste)(taste)strange,d
18、o you think its OK to drink?strange,do you think its OK to drink?tastestastes 7 The story _ 7 The story _(happen)(happen)in 2005.in 2005.happenedhappened被动语态四川巴中水宁赖丽琼被动语态练习三、句型转换：变被动语态三、句型转换：变被动语态1 People use knives for cutting things.Knives are used for cutting things.2 We must speak to older peopl
19、e politely.Old people must be spoken to politely(by us).3 We finished our homework yesterday.Our homework was finished yesterday.4 He gave me a book just now.I was given a book by him just now.A book was given to me by him just now.5 we often heard her sing this song.She is often heard to sing this song by us.
