1、定语从句Attributive ClauseI 本章要点1. 定语从句的基本要素2. 定语从句和关系代词3. 定语从句和关系副词4. 关系代词和关系副词之间的关系5. 介词加关系代词引导的定语从句6. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句看一看这些名言警句中所运用的定语从句 He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 从不犯错误的人一事无成。 He is the best general who makes the fewest mistakes. Hamilton.最厉害的将军错误犯得最少。 He that travels far knows much. 行万
2、里者，见多识广。 He that cannot ask cannot live. 万事不求人，哪里能生存？II 定语从句语法点分述一、基本要素1. 概念：如果由一个句子来充当一个词的定语，那么这个句子就被叫做定语从句2. 先行词：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词3. 关系词（关系代词或者副词）：引导定语从句 He is the best general who makes the fewest mistakes.1. 定语从句：_2. 先行词：_3. 关系词：_Attention如何选择关系代词？关系代词的作用是什么？二、关系代词1. 定语从句关系代词：先行词是人先行词是物作主语who/ that
3、which/ that作宾语(who/ whom/that)(which/ that)作定语whosewhose小试身手1) This is the man who helped me yesterday. who在定语从句中作_2) The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming. who在定语从句中作_3) I met a boy whose father was an astronaut. whose在定语从句中作_4) Here is the coat which/that will be made for you. whic
4、h在定语从句中作_5) This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year. which在定语从句中作_6) He has a book whose cover (=the cover of which) is very beautiful. whose在定语从句中作_2. 关系代词的作用1) _2) _3) _小试身手(1) 用关系代词who,whom,that或whose填空。1) The man_you met just now is my old friend.2) The man _ is walking on the play
5、ground is my old friend.3) She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.4) Thats the new machine _parts are too small to be seen.(2) 用who/whom/which/that将下列句子两句并一句。1) The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago. 2) The woman is here now. You were talking about her.
6、 (3) 用whose 将下列句子两句并一句。1) The man gave me a reward. I found and returned his wallet. 2) Parents are usually very proud. Their children graduate from college. 3) The teacher went to Japan to teach English. I took his class last semester. Attentionwhose 后面一定要加一个名词, 然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语。3. 只能使用 that 作关系代词的情况
7、：a. 先行词为 all, anything, everything, nothing, much, none, little等不定代词时。 There is nothing that can stop him from doing it.b. 先行词前有last, next, only, very及序数词、最高级等修饰时。 This is the most interesting film (that) was shown last week. This is the second computer (that) my father has just bought.c. 当先行词既有人，又有
8、物时。 They talked of things and people that thet remembered.d. 当主语是 who 的疑问句: Who is the boy that is playing computer games?Attention以下情况时，who不与that通用。a) 先行词为one(s)/anyone/those时,用who。b) 当先行词有较长定语时用who。 I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese.c) 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，一个
9、定语从句的关系代词是 that，另一个用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. d) 在there be开头的句中用who。 There is a pretty girl outside who wants to see you.小试身手(1) 填空1) There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.2) The only games _ I play are football and tennis.3) He is the
10、 only student _ understands English.(2) 翻译1) 他们唯一能做的事就是等待。 2) 这正是你昨天买的笔。 三、关系副词1. 定语从句关系副词表示时间when表示地点where表示原因whyAttention判断关系词是使用代词还是副词时,取决于定语从句的完整性。如果定语从句不缺主语和宾语，那么关系词就应该使用关系副词。a. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. I will never forget the day that we s
11、pent together.b. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 I recently went back to the town where I was born. I would like to live in a country that is full of natural beauty.c. why 指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. The reason that he told us surprised us very much.小试身手1) Do you st
12、ill remember the place_ we visited last week?2) Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?3) I still remember the night _I first came to the house.4) I dont know the reason _ he came so late.5) We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer.6) I can think of man
13、y cases _ students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. 7) Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.8) They have reached the point _ they have to separate with each other.四、关系代词和关系副词之间的关系试观察下列句子： This is the day when we met.This is the
14、day _we met. You should remember to put the book back to the place where it belongs.You should remember to put the book back to the place _ it belongs.总结：关系副词=介词+关系代词小试身手连词成句1) go were want back to the I place born my where grandparents to. 2) refused help reason why the he us is this to? (for which
15、) 1. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句a. 直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whom（指人）两种结构。 The man to whom you talked just now is a famous runner. The service the students complain a lot should be improved. He is a library assistant I borrowed some books.b. 直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略，但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时，关系代词可省。 Th
16、e man (who/that/whom) you talk to just now is a famous runner.The man you talk just now is a famous runner. He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I borrowed some books from.He is a librarian I borrowed some books.c. 有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前： He is the student (who/whom/that) the tea
17、chers are looking for. The number of the children (who/whom/that) she takes care of is 30.2. 关系代词whose+名词引导的定语从句可转化为 the+名词+of+ which / whom 或 of+ which/whom+ the +名词结构；of 表所属关系。 I live in a room are all broken.=I live in a room are all broken.=I live in a room are all broken.小试身手1. 填入“介词关系代词（即介词+wh
18、ich/whom）：1) The ship, _ the Europeans sailed to the American continent, was called the Mayflower.2) The family _ I stayed in Rome is coming to England soon.3) He has written a book, the name _ I have completely forgotten.4) It is a family of 8 children, all _are studying music.5) The town, _ they c
19、ame, was in the north of the province.2. 介词填空：1) The speed_ which you drive your car mustnt too high.2) In the park there are many flowers, the color_ which is bright and nice.3) The little girl is reading a book,_ which there are many pictures.4) What were the things_ which he was not too sure?5) T
20、hey held a meeting, _ which the hospital director made a speech.6) The book, _ which he paid 6 Yuan, is worth reading.五、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句1. 辨析下列句子1) Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. 2) Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college. 3
21、) All the books that have pictures in them are well written. 4) All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written. 总结：1) 限制性定语从句:意义上，不可缺。无逗号，翻译时要调整语序。2) 非限制性定语从句：意义上，附加说明，有逗号，翻译时直接翻译。2. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句用法上的区别a. 引导限制性定语从句时，关系代词which可以与that互换；但引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。1) She heard a terrible no
22、ise, _ frightened her. A. that B. which C. what D. who2) She heard a terrible noise_ frightened her.(A)A. that B. / C. what D. whob. 先行词为reason时，限制性定语可以用why或for which来引导；非限制性定语从句则只能用for which来引导。1) I had told them the reason, _ I didnt attend the meeting.A. for which B. at which C. for whom D. why2)
23、 I had told them the reason_I didnt attend the meeting. A. when B. which C. why D. for thatc. 引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中担任宾语时可以被省略；但引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词即使作宾语也不能省略。(1) He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, he loved and respected as his own mother.A.as B. which C. / D. whomd. 引导限制性定语从句时并作从句宾语的关
24、系代词whom可以用who来代替；但在非限制性定语从句中，whom就不能用who替换。(1) Do you know Tom,_we talked about? A. which B. that C. whom D. who(2) The American journalist_the announcer mentioned in the broadcast is said to have beenkilled. Which of the following is wrong? A. who B. whom C. whose D. /e. 当非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时，which引导的从句
25、不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句既可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。As 意为正如，which无此含义。(1) _I expected, he didnt believe me. A. Which B. As C. That D. When(2) Mary was late for school, _often happened. A. as B. for which C. that D. whyf. 由“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个主句时，不能用as，只能用which。(1) He bought the car for more than $20,000, _ his
26、father was angry.A. about that B. with as C. when D. with whichg. 一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。1) as is known to all 这是众所周知的2) as has been said before 如前所说3) as is often the case 情况常常如此4) as may be imagined 这可以想象得出5) as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样6) as often happens 这种情况常常发生III Review一、填入合适的关系代词或者
27、关系副词l Amy, _ is my friend, likes everything _ looks beautiful, because she is an actress. I know some people and stories _ were about her. Once she took weight-loss pills, _ were popular among young women. She became slimmer and slimmer, so she was very satisfied. However, her mother, _ you met last
28、 year, stopped her from taking them, since they could damage health. As a matter of fact, Amy is in hospital, in _she is suffering liver failure! Luckily, she is recovering and she is willing to follow the doctors advice, _ makes all of us happy.二、选择正确的选项1) The story took place in Europe in the days
29、 before automobiles _everyone used horses.A .which B.where C.when D.as2) Green tea, _many experts suggest,should be drunk regularly to improve health.A.which B.where C.when D.as3) The part in the film_the man broke down the door made the audience give a cry.A.which B.who C.where D.whom4) “Drive-ins”
30、have large parking lots _customers are served in their cars by waitresses.A .who B.when C.which D.where5) In time we reached a stage _we had more young readers than old ones.A .where B.how C.who D.what6) This article may shock some sensitive readers, _ I offer my apologies in advance.A .from whom B.
31、for whom C.to whom D.towards whom7) This is not the only example of a plane crash _ everyone but a child died.A .which B.where C.why D.when8) She remembered several occasions in the past _ she had experienced a similar feeling.A .when B.why C.that D.where9) We went to the West Lake yesterday, not surprisingly, _ was crowded with visitorsfrom all over the world.A .where B.which C.that D.when三、翻译以下句子1. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。 2. 她要到澳门去定居，在那里她有几个密友。 3. 他住在那座传说闹鬼的城堡里.（be haunted) 4. 上周我买的那个照相机昨天坏了. 5. 我不确定那个粗鲁又丑陋的男人是否是她所爱的白马王子.
