1、Object Clause（宾语从句）英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句(compound sentence)复合句复合句(complex sentence)英语句子概论英语句子概论简单句的五种简单句的五种基本基本句型句型The weather is very cold.主语主语+谓语（连系动词）谓语（连系动词）+表语表语He laughed.主语主语+谓语（谓语（vi.）I like Chinese food.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语She taught them physics.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+间接宾语间接宾
2、语+直接宾语直接宾语We must keep the room warm.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 1.Youd better start early,or you will be late.2.Jim studied hard all the time,and he passed the exam scuccessfully.3.I know where he lives,but I dont know the exact address.4.I have never heard of the book,so I know nothing about it
3、.并列句并列句:简单句简单句+andorbutso+简单句简单句复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句 名词名词性从句性从句 定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom.2.Because it is raining,we have to stay at home.定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句3.I know(that)he is from America.（宾语从句）（宾语从句）名词名词性从句性从句-1.She wondered if the buses would still be running.2.The t
4、ruth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句 在功能上相当于名词在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任在复合句中能担任主主语、宾语、表语、同位语语、宾语、表语、同位语等等名词性从句：名词性从句：Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句什么是什么是宾语宾语？I know him.Do you have the time?Why dont you pay attention to me?I enjoy working with you.宾语宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后位于谓语动词或者介
5、词后1.I know him.2.I know who he is.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句连接词连接词从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）句子做宾语就是宾语从句句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后，跟在及物动词或介词后句子结构：句子结构：主句主句 +连接词（引导词）连接词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句 宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序时时 态态 引导词引导词 句子类型句子类型 that陈述句陈述句一般疑问句一般疑问句If/whether（是否）（是否）特殊疑问词
6、特殊疑问词特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词：类别类别 关联词关联词 特点特点.从属连从属连词词that,whether/if只起连接作用，不充当从只起连接作用，不充当从句成分。句成分。.连接代词连接代词who,whom,what，which,whose起连接作用外，还在从句起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语或宾语或定语中充当主语或宾语或定语.连接副词连接副词when,where,how，why起连接作用外，还在从句起连接作用外，还在从句中充当状语。中充当状语。一、连接词（引导词）一、连接词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是当宾语从句是陈述句陈述句时（包括肯定句和时（包括肯定句和否
7、定句），连词否定句），连词由由that引导引导，因为，因为that在从在从句中句中不作任何成分不作任何成分，也，也没有任何具体意思没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略常省略vLin Tao feels(that)his own team is even better.vShe says(that)she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下在以下三种情况下不能省略：不能省略：（1）当）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，从句与另
8、一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个第二个that不能省不能省；（2）当）当that作作介词宾语介词宾语时，时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。（3）用）用it做形式宾语做形式宾语的宾语从句的宾语从句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.2.当宾语当宾语从句是一般疑问句从句是一般疑问句时，由连词时，由连词w
9、hether或或if引导，引导，“是否是否”，不能省略，不能省略vLily wanted to know if/whether her grandma liked the handbag.vLets see if/whether we can find out some information about that city.a.当有当有or not时就用时就用whether,不用不用if.I dont know whether or not I will stay.b.介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if.I worry about whether I hurt her fe
10、eling.注意注意 whether和和if的使用区别的使用区别Practice timeif/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.I dont know _ he is well or not.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhether3.当宾语从句是当宾语从句是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句时，由时，由疑问词疑问词（what,who,whom,which；whose；when,where,how,why
11、等等）引导，因为疑问词在）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以意义，所以不可以省略不可以省略vDo you know what he said just now?vI dont remember when/where we arrived.v I asked him where/how/why I could get so much money.v Please tell me who whomwhat we have to see.二、时态二、时态1.1.如果如果主句是现在的时态主句是现在的时态 ，从句的时态可根从句的时态可根
12、据实际情况而定据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）vI know he lives here .(live)vI know he lived here ten years ago.(live)vI have heard that he will come tomorrow.(come)The teacher asked I was late today.Do you still remember he said in the meeting?Do you know they are waiting
13、for?Can you tell me country you are from,America or England?I really want to know your hometown is.No one knows they opened the box.what,which,who,whom,when,why,where,how,whatever,whoeverwhywhatwhom/whowhichwherehow2.如果主句是过去的时态如果主句是过去的时态，那么从句的时那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去（
14、包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，将来时，过去完成时）过去完成时）I knew who lived here.(live)I saw she was talking with her mother.(talk with)He was wondering whether his father would come back tomorrow.(come back)He said that he had seen it.(see)3.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用时用一般现在时一般现在时。1.Mike insisted that we _(be
15、)late for school.2.The doctor ordered that she _(stay)in bed for a few days.(should)not be (should)stay 注意：注意：在下列动词接在下列动词接that从句中用从句中用“should+动原动原”一个一个“坚持坚持”insist（坚持要）（坚持要）两个两个“命令命令”command,order(命令）命令）三个三个“建议建议”suggest,propose,advise四个四个“要求要求”request,ask,demand,require三、语序三、语序宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈
16、述语序：主句主句连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分Im wondering what she wants to eat.1.When will he go to the library?His brother asks when he will go to the library.His brother asks when will he go to the library.2.What does he want to buy?I dont know what does he want to buy.I dont know what he wants to buy.否定的转移否
17、定的转移 若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式用肯定式。I dont think this dress fits you well.I dont think you are right.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为你是错的。我认为你是错的。I dont believe you can finish the work
18、 today.我认为你今天无法完成工作。我认为你今天无法完成工作。1.We wonder how we shall do next.2.Could you tell me where are they having a picnic?3.I am sorry that I dont know you want to take part in the competition.whatdidntthey areExercise:correct or not4.I didnt know that you will come.5.He said that he is writing a story.6
19、.Could you tell me when will he arrive?7.You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules._would_was_ he will_ English hasExercise:multical-choice1.I dont know_ we can live on the island without food.A.where B what C how D that2.Could you tell me _?A where is the park?B whos on duty?C w
20、hose book is this?D what are they doing?3 The teacher told us that the earth _around the sun.A moved B moves C move D moving4.I didnt know that Mr.Smith _yet.A.has returned B has returned C had returned D returned 5.We dont know _ they did it.We dont know_ they did.A.how B.who C.what D.which BBCC1.M
21、iss Zeng asked why was he late for school 语序必须语序必须先主语后谓语先主语后谓语。主句为过去时，从句的时态用相应的过去时态。2.I dont know what did he do yesterday.（Warm Home)he wasa.a.宾语从句的助动词要去掉宾语从句的助动词要去掉.主句为现在时，从句出现主句为现在时，从句出现yesterdayyesterday的过去时间，因的过去时间，因此从句用过去时。此从句用过去时。he did3.Director Yan asked what the matter was with her.4.Miss
22、He said that the moon went round the earth.what was the matter with hergoes 从句内容为从句内容为真理真理时，从句的时态时，从句的时态用一般现在时。用一般现在时。whwhatat在这里既做引导词，也做主语。仍用疑在这里既做引导词，也做主语。仍用疑问句语序。问句语序。whwho o.,which is.,which is同理。同理。6.Im confident that you will do well in the exam tomorrow.whetherb.只能用只能用whether:(1)与与 or not连用连用
23、(2)不定式不定式前：前：whether+to do(3)介词介词+whether 7.They are uncertain that if it will turn cold or not tomorrow.主语主语+形容词，宾语从句用形容词，宾语从句用thatthat引导引导.a.a.宾语从句不能同时用两个引导词宾语从句不能同时用两个引导词。1.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see_.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is 2.Can you make sure _ the gold r
24、ing?A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put 即时练习即时练习1.-Can you make sure _?-Sorry,I cant.But I saw her just now.A.where did she go B.where she had gone C.where she has gone D.where will she go 2.I wanted to know _.A.what did she say B.why does she go t
25、o bed late C.why she went to bed late D.why she goes to bed lateCC3.He is not sure _ to watch TV or go to bed.A.if B.whether C.that D./4.I dont know _ he will come or not.A.if B.whether C.that D./BBhow to do it 与与 what to do 的区别的区别D 7.-Could you tell me _?-Its next to the post office.A.where the sup
26、ermarket is B.where is the supermarket C.where was the supermarket D.where the supermarket wasAcould表示委婉的语气表示委婉的语气,不是过去时不是过去时8.Could you tell me _ it.A.what can I do B.how can I do C.what to do D.how to do特殊用法特殊用法5 9.Mike_ bullying others _.A.thinks,isnt right B.think,isnt rightC.dont think,is right
27、.D.doesnt think,is right若从句为否定句，主句谓语是若从句为否定句，主句谓语是 think,believe,guess,suppose 等词时等词时,要要否定前移否定前移D高考链接（09海南）Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A.who B.what C.whoever D.whatever（10四川）How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on _ he goes with,whether his friends or
28、 relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why(10全国)We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A.that B.which C.what D.where(10湖南)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.A.where B.whether C.that D.why(10上海)When changing lanes,a driver
29、 should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _.A.he is entering which lane B.which lane he is entering C.is he entering which lane D.which lane is he entering(11北京)Bob has gone to California.-Oh,can you tell me when he _?A.has left B.left C.is leaving D would leave(11山东)Weve offered her
30、the job,but I dont know_ shell accept it A.where Bwhat C.whether D.which19.Could you show me _?A.how can I get to the station B.where is the station C.how could I get to the station D.how I can reach the station20.Please tell me _.A.what does he like B.what he does like C.what he likes D.what he like21.My sister told him _.A.what day was it B.when the train arrived C.who she was waiting D.where did you live
