1、2020高考英语高考英语 新冠病毒相关知识点新冠病毒相关知识点 “We now have a name for the disease and it's COVID- 19,“ WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told reporters in Geneva. “We had to find a name that did not refer to a geographical location, an animal, an individual or group of people, and which is also pronounceab
2、le and related to the disease,“ the WHO chief said. “Having a name matters to prevent the use of other names that can be inaccurate or stigmatizing. It also gives us a standard format to use for any future coronavirus outbreaks.“ A standard name：covid-19 在日内瓦，世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞对记者表示：“我们将这 个疾病命名为COVID-19。”
3、这个名字COVID-19来源于corona （冠状）、virus（病毒）以及disease（疾病）三个词，而19则 代表这个疾病出现的年份2019年。新冠肺炎疫情是在2019年12 月31日上报至世界卫生组织的。我们要取的名字不能指向某个地 理位置、某个动物、某个人或群体，同时这个名字要易读，且与该 疾病相关。 novel coronavirus novel ad.新型的 a novel feature（新特性） coronavirus /kronvars / 冠状病毒 corona 冠状物，日冕，光圈 virus 病毒 Before this outbreak, six coro
4、naviruses had been identified in humans. Four caused relatively mild cold-like symptoms while the other two, Sars and Middle East respiratory syndrome (Mers), can be fatal. 此次疫情爆发之前，已知的人类冠状病毒有6种。四种引起相对轻度的类似感 冒症状，而另外两种非典和中东呼吸综合征(MERS)可能致命。 Related words fatal /fetl / ：a. 致命的；毁灭性的；灾难性的 infectious dise
5、ase/ nfeks dziz / ：传染病 infectious /nfeks /：a.传染的 infect v. 传染；感染 infection / nfekn /：n. 传染 pneumonia / numon / n. 肺炎 pneumon 肺 get/catch pneumonia得肺炎 virus outbreak病毒爆发 geographical locations地理位置 people's names人名 the name of an animal or a kind of food 动物或食物的名字 references to a particular c
6、ulture or industry 指向特定文化或行业 World Health Organization世界卫生组织 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses 国际病毒分类委员会 human infectious disease人类传染病 nucleic acid test核酸检测 respiratory diseases呼吸道疾病 avian influenza virus禽流感病毒 close contacts密切接触者 incubation period潜伏期 suspected case疑似病例 confirmed case确诊病
7、例 under medical observation接受医学观察 epidemiological investigation流行病学调查 contain the outbreak遏制疫情爆发 strict isolation policy严格隔离政策 carrying the virus携带病毒 superspreader超级传染源 reimbursement for medical expenses 医疗费用报销 tight supplies in large areas of China 中国大部分地区口罩供应紧张 human-to-human transmission人传人 infec
8、tion of medical worker医务人员感染 the air by coughing and sneezing 经由空气传播，比如咳嗽、打喷嚏 close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands 通过人与人之间的近距离接触传播，比如触摸或者握手 touching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes before washing your hands 通过触摸物品或感染病毒的用品表面传播，原因
9、在于没洗手就触摸嘴、鼻和眼 睛 rarely, fecal contamination 还有一种比较少见的，就是通过粪便传染 Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub. 用肥皂或者用含酒精的洗手液洗手。 Cover nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing with tissue or flexed elbow. 咳嗽或打喷嚏时，用面巾纸或屈肘捂住口鼻。 Avoid close contact with anyone with cold or flu-like symptoms.
10、 避免跟有感冒或流感症状的人密切接触。 Thoroughly cook meat and eggs. 将肉类和鸡蛋彻底煮熟。 Avoid unprotected contact with live wild or farm animals. 避免在未加防护的情况下接触野生动物或家畜。 In two patients, a virus belonging to the family Coronaviridae was isolated. 在二名患者中，分离出冠状病毒家族的一员。 Besides, this corona virus is a new kind of virus which bel
11、ongs to a mutated strain and our body cannot recognize it. 除此以外，冠状病毒是一种新型的变异病毒，它不能被我们的身 体识别。 China situation Chinese reports 36 new COVID-19 infections on Wednesday, with 35 being imported cases, with cumulative infections of 8,2722 and cumulative recovered patients of 7,6451. CDC-Ceners for the Dis
12、ease Contol and Pretectionn,is responding to an outbreak of respiratory illness caused by a novel (new) coronavirus. The outbreak first started in Wuhan, China, but cases have been identified in a growing number of other locations internationally, including the United States. In addition to CDC, man
13、y public health laboratories are now testing for the virus that causes COVID-19. Total cases by April 2: 213,372 US situation Jurisdictions reporting cases: 55 (50 states, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) Data include both confirmed
14、and presumptive positive cases of COVID-19 reported to CDC or tested at CDC since January 21, 2020, with the exception of testing results for persons repatriated to the United States from Wuhan, China and Japan. State and local public health departments are now testing and publicly reporting their c
15、ases. In the event of a discrepancy between CDC cases and cases reported by state and local public health officials, data reported by states should be considered the most up to date. Italia situation On January 31, when the Italian government announced the suspension of all direct flights to and fro
16、m China amid the outbreak of COVID-19, Italy had only two cases of coronavirus. Today, two months after the suspension of direct flights with China, COVID-19 cases have surged dramatically, reaching up to more than 110,574 cases as of April 2, while the totle of the globe has reached over 93 thousan
17、d. Viruses know no national boundaries or races, and only by working together can mankind win the battle against them. All nations should be called on to push forward cooperation within the frameworks of the United Nations and the Group of 20 , enhance the sharing of information and experience, boos
18、t collaboration in scientific research, support the WHO in playing its due role, and improve global health governance. How it Spreads There is currently no vaccine to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The best way to prevent illness is to avoid being exposed to this virus. The virus is th
19、ought to spread mainly from person-to-person. Between people who are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet). Through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhale
20、d into the lungs. If you think you have been exposed to COVID-19 and develop a fever and symptoms, such as cough or difficulty breathing, call your healthcare provider for medical advice. What to do if symptems appear How to clean and disinfect Wear disposable gloves to clean and disinfect. Clean su
21、rfaces using soap and water. Practice routine cleaning of frequently touched surfaces. Clean the area or item with soap and water or another detergent if it is dirty. Then, use a household disinfectant. Recommend use of EPA-registered household disinfectantexternal icon.Follow the instructions on th
22、e label to ensure safe and effective use of the product. Keeping surface wet for a period of time Precautions such as wearing gloves and making sure you have good ventilation during use of the product. Diluted household bleach solutions may also be used if appropriate for the surface. Check t
23、o ensure the product is not past its expiration date. Unexpired household bleach will be effective against coronaviruses when properly diluted.Follow manufacturer's instructions for application and proper ventilation. Never mix household bleach with ammonia or any other cleanser.Leave solution o
24、n the surface for at least 1 minute. To make a bleach solution, mix: 5 tablespoons (1/3rd cup) bleach per gallon of water OR 4 teaspoons bleach per quart of water Alcohol solutions with at least 70% alcohol. Soft surfaces For soft surfaces such as carpeted floor, rugs, and drapes Clean the surface u
25、sing soap and water or with cleaners appropriate for use on these surfaces. Launder items (if possible) according to the manufacturer's instructions.Use the warmest appropriate water setting and dry items completely. OR Disinfect with an EPA-registered household disinfectant. These disinfectants
26、external icon meet EPA's criteria for use against COVID-19. For electronics, such as tablets, touch screens, keyboards, and remote controls. Consider putting a wipeable cover on electronics Follow manufacturer's instruction for cleaning and disinfecting If no guidance, use alcohol-based wipe
27、s or sprays containing at least 70% alcohol. Dry surface thoroughly. For clothing, towels, linens and other items Wear disposable gloves. Wash hands with soap and water as soon as you remove the gloves. Do not shake dirty laundry. Launder items according to the manufacturer's instructions. Use t
28、he warmest appropriate water setting and dry items completely. Dirty laundry from a sick person can be washed with other people's items. Clean and disinfect clothes hampers according to guidance above for surfaces. Wash your hands often with soap and water for 20 seconds. Always wash immediately
29、 after removing gloves and after contact with a sick person. Hand sanitizer: If soap and water are not readily available and hands are not visibly dirty, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. However, if hands are visibly dirty, always wash hands with soap and water. Additional ke
30、y times to clean hands After blowing one's nose, coughing, or sneezing After using the restroom Before eating or preparing food After contact with animals or pets Before and after providing routine care for another person who needs assistance (e.g. a child) Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mo
31、uth with unwashed hands. When Someone is Sick Keep separate bedroom and bathroom for sick person (if possible) The sick person should stay separated from other people in the home (as much as possible). If you have a separate bedroom and bathroom: Reduce cleaning to as-needed (e.g. soiled items and s
32、urfaces) to minimize the amount of contact with the sick person. Caregivers can provide personal cleaning supplies to the sick person (if appropriate). Supplies include tissues, paper towels, cleaners, and EPA-registered disinfectantsexternal icon. If shared bathroom: Clean and disinfect after each
33、use by the sick person. If this is not possible, the caregiver should wait as long as possible before cleaning and disinfecting. Stay separated: The sick person should eat (or be fed) in their room if possible. Wash dishes and utensils using gloves and hot water: &
34、nbsp;Handle any non-disposable used food service items with gloves and wash with hot water or in a dishwasher. Clean hands after handling used food service items. Dedicated, lined trash can: If possible, dedicate a lined trash can for the sick person. Use gloves when removing garbage bags, and handl
35、ing and disposing of trash. Wash hands afterwards. Learn how you can plan, prepare, and cope with stress before and during a COVID-19 outbreak. Plan and make decisions in advance of an illness. Know how to protect and support the children in your care. Find ways to cope with stress that will make yo
36、u, your loved ones, and your community stronger. How to Protect Yourself Older adults and people who have severe underlying medical conditions like heart or lung disease or diabetes seem to be at higher risk for developing more serious complications from COVID-19 illness. Clean your hands often Wash
37、 your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds especially after you have been in a public place, or after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing. If soap and water are not readily available, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Cover all surfaces of your hands an
38、d rub them together until they feel dry. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands. Avoid close contact with people who are sick Put distance between yourself and other people if COVID-19 is spreading in your community. This is especially important for people who are at higher ri
39、sk of getting very sick. Take steps to protect others Stay home if you are sick, except to get medical care. Learn what to do if you are sick. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze or use the inside of your elbow. Throw used tissues in the trash. Immediately wash your hand
40、s with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water are not readily available, clean your hands with a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. If you are sick You should wear a facemask when you are around other people (e.g., sharing a room or vehicle) and before you enter a
41、healthcare provider's office. If you are not able to wear a facemask (for example, because it causes trouble breathing), then you should do your best to cover your coughs and sneezes, and people who are caring for you should wear a facemask if they enter your room. If you are NOT sick You do not
42、 need to wear a facemask unless you are caring for someone who is sick (and they are not able to wear a facemask). Facemasks may be in short supply and they should be saved for caregivers. Clean AND disinfect frequently touched surfaces daily. This includes tables, doorknobs, light switches, counter
43、tops, handles, desks, phones, keyboards, toilets, faucets, and sinks. If surfaces are dirty, clean them: Use detergent or soap and water prior to disinfection. Most common EPA-registered household disinfectants will work. Use disinfectants appropriate for the surface. Diluting your household bleach.
44、To make a bleach solution, mix: 5 tablespoons (1/3rd cup) bleach per gallon of water OR 4 teaspoons bleach per quart of water Follow manufacturer's instructions for application and proper ventilation. Check to ensure the product is not past its expiration date. Never mix household bleach with am
45、monia or any other cleanser. Unexpired household bleach will be effective against coronaviruses when properly diluted. Ensure solution has at least 70% alcohol. Other common EPA-registered household disinfectants. Products with EPA-approved emerging viral pathogens pdf icon7 pagesexternal icon claims are expected to be effective against COVID-19 based on data for harder to kill viruses. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for all cleaning and disinfection products. Wish you healthy!
