1、 Contents Teaching Contents In Classroom Experimental Projects In Teaching LabTotal hours:54Classroom teaching hours:48Practice hours:6Teaching Contents(1)Part A(Total hours:36)nA1 Introduction (4 hours)nA2 Fluid statics (6 hours)nA3 Fluid kinematics (6 hours)nA4 Fluid dynamics (6 hours)nA5 Laminar
2、flow,turbulent flow and energy loss (8 hours)nA6 Pipe flow and calculation of pipeline (4 hours)nA7 Similarity theory and dimensional analysis (2 hours)FundamentalFundamentalPart B(Total hours:8)lB1 Stream functions and potential functions,frictionless irrotational flow (4 hours)lB2 Boundary layer t
3、heory and flow past body (4 hours)Part C(Total hours:4)uC1 Resaerch progress in Fluid Mechancis (1 hour)uC2 Modern flow measurement technologies (1 hour)uC3 Introduction to numerical simulation of turbulence flow and commercial softwares of CFD (2 hours)Teaching Contents(2)Extended contentsExtended
4、contentsFundamentalFundamentalPart A and Part B are the foundation of Fluid Mechanics,Part C is the extended contents and refer to some practical problems.This course also pays much attention to the prevalence of modern fluid mechanics,for example,the introduction to the theory of turbulence boundar
5、y layer and the sketch of computational fluid dynamics(CFD)will help your further applications after your graduation.Teaching Contents(3)Experimental Projects(1)In-class (Required)(Total hours:6)nE1 Hydrostatics (1 hour)nE2 Velocity measurement with Pitot tube (1 hour)nE3 Flow measurement with Ventu
6、ri tube (1 hour)nE4 Verification of Bernoulli equation (1 hour)nE5 Reynolds experiment (1 hour)nE6 Measurement of friction loss coefficient for circular pipe flow (1 hour)Experimental Projects(2)After-class (Total hours:6-8)pE1 Liquid viscosity measurement (1 hour)(Optional)pE2 Demonstrating experim
7、ent about flow pattern and streamline (1 hour)(Required)pE3 Measurement of local loss coefficient for circular pipe flow (1 hour)(Required)pE4 Demonstrating experiment about Siphon principle (1 hour)(Required)pE5 Demonstrating experiment about flow around airfoil and cylinder (1 hour)(Required)pE6 D
8、emonstrating experiment about vortex formation (1 hour)(Required)pE7 Self-designing experiments (1 hour)(Optional)TextbookFrank M.White.Fluid Mechanics.McGraw Hill Higher Education,7t h Revised edition,2010.2ReferencesuE.John Finnemore,Joseph B.Franzini.Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications.
9、McGraw-Hill Higher Education,10t h Revised edition,2001.10Referencesu J i n X i a o h o n g,L i Yuanhui.Fluid Mechanics(bilingual Teaching).Beijing:China Power Press,2011.9 5%attendance 10%homework 10%required experiments 5%optional experiments 70%final examGrades When you think about it,almost ever
10、ything on this planet either is a fluid or moves within or near a fluid.Frank M.WhitePreliminary RemarksFluid can be found almost everywhere on the earth!Fluid can be found almost everywhere on the earth!Overview of Fluid Mechanics The concept of fluid The primary physical property of fluid Study ob
11、jects of Fluid Mechanics The nature of the subject of Fluid Mechanics Tasks of Fluid Mechanics Study approaches of Fluid Mechanics Importance(position)of the course History of Fluid MechanicsThe following aspects will be discussedThe concept of a fluid A solid can resist a shear stress by a static d
12、eformation.A fluid can not resist a shear stress by a static deformation.Any shear stress applied to a fluid,no matter how small,will result in motion of that fluid.The fluid moves and deforms continuously as long as the shear is applied.IntroductionIs it has afixed volume？Can it form a free surface
13、？Is it easy to be compressed？Fluidgasnonoyesliquidyesyesno FluidSolidyesnoThe primary physical property of fluid Fluid mechanics is an important branch of modern mechanics，Its a science that studies fluids balance(Fluid statics),mechanical movement laws(Fluid Kinematics)and the interaction between f
14、luid and the boundaries(Fluid Dynamics),which may be either solid surfaces or interfaces with other fluids.It mainly ascertains the distribution of speed and pressure,energy loss and the interaction force and the moment between fluid and boundary.IntroductionStudy Objects of Fluid Mechanics(1)Water
15、and air are researched mostly in fluid mechanics.Besides these,fluid also includes vapor as work medium in turbine,lube oil,water which mixing with mud and sand,blood,melting metal and the gas with complicated components coming from burning,plasmas under high temperature condition,etc.Study Objects
16、of Fluid Mechanics(2)l Stationary boundaries：riverbed,pipe wall,building,etc；l Moving boundaries：aircraft,ship,runner,etc.Types of boundary MechanicsResearch object The carrier of mechanical problemsFluid MechanicsFluidLiquidWaterMechanicsThree conservation lawsHydraulicsIntroductionLiquid is the ma
17、in research object;Mainly focus on engineering applications;Suitable for students in Hydraulic Eng.,Civil Eng.The nature of the subject of Fluid MechanicsConservation of mass,momentum and energy Fluid mechanics is not only an age-old subject,but also a new fashion subject which can be researched on
18、quite widely fields.There are many questions about fluid mechanics in these departments,such as in aviation,spaceflight,navigation,astronomical weather,physical geography,water conservancy and hydropower,heat energy refrigeration,building construction and environmental protection,petroleum and chemi
19、cal engineering,transporting air and liquid,combustion and explosion,metallurgy and mining,biology and sea,war industry and nuclear energy,machine building,mechanical engineering,etc.Tasks of Fluid MechanicsIntroductionEngineering fields and disciplines relative to Fluid MechanicsVortex created by t
20、he passage of an Vortex created by the passage of an aircraft wing,revealed by coloured smokeaircraft wing,revealed by coloured smokeTurbulence Turbulence in the tip in the tip vortex vortex from an from an airplane airplane wingwingEngineering fields relative to Fluid Mechanicsaviationaviationspace
21、flightspaceflightnavigationnavigationRocket Rocket launchinglaunchingfountainfountainAxial-flow fan¢rifugal pumpAxial-flow fan¢rifugal pumpfanfanpumppumpimpellerimpellerMulti-stage axial-flow compressor modelMulti-stage axial-flow compressor modelCompressorCompressorWater turbine and electri
22、cal generator cut-away viewWater turbine and electrical generator cut-away view Kaplan turbineKaplan turbine runner and bladerunner and bladehydropowerhydropowerModel plane tested in a wind tunnelModel plane tested in a wind tunnel Car wind tunnel test Car wind tunnel test Air flow past an aerofoilA
23、ir flow past an aerofoilCooling fan Cooling fan The Three Gorges Dam photographed by satellite of the United StatesHydraulicEngineeringwater conservancy projectDujiangyanDujiangyancomprehensive engngTyphoon Tornado:A rotating column of air usually accompanied by a funnel-shaped downward extension of
24、 a cumulonimbus cloud and having a vortex several hundred yards in diameter whirling destructively at speeds of up to 500 miles(800 km)per hour.Typhoon Typhoon:A tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific or Indian oceans.Tornadovortex formed in the vortex formed in the rear of a high-speed r
25、ear of a high-speed traintrainboiling mud near a boiling mud near a Volcanic craterVolcanic craterTornadoTornadovortices in atmosphere Hurricane WeatherCFDsupercomputerDew and dropSurface tensionSurface tensionsoap bubble soap bubble water-drop water-drop volleyballfootballtennisswimmingrowingdiscus
26、 throwgolf ballracecar racingjavelintable tennisbadmintonGolf ball with smooth&rough surface,Which is better？Question Golf originated in Scotland in the 15th Century.It was thought in the early days that the golf ball with smooth surface had small flight resistance,so the ball was made in leather.It
27、 was found afterwards that an old ball with many scratches on its surface could fly farther than a new ball with smooth surface.This mystery was not to be solved until the boundary layer theory was established by L.Prandtl in the 20th Century.The present-day golf has a lot of pits on its surface,and
28、 the flight distance of a rough surface ball is 5 times farther than a smooth ball when they have the same size and weight.wake zonewake zonewake zonewake zoneDisciplines Relative to Fluid MechanicsDisciplines Relative to Fluid MechanicsAcoustics(aerodynamic noise)Aerodynamics Aeroelasticity Aeronau
29、tics Computational Fluid Dynamics CFDFlow field measurementHemodynamics Hydraulics the physical science and technology of the static and dynamic behavior of fluids)Hydrology Hydrostatics Fluid Statics Hydrodynamics Fluid Dynamics Electrohydrodynamics Magnetohydrodynamics Rheology Quantum hydrodynami
30、csFluid mechanics has three study approaches.The first one is a theoretical approach.Which analyzes the primary and lesser factor of the question,abstracts theoretical model(such as continuous medium,ideal fluid,incompressible fluid,etc),uses mathematical tools to find the general answer about the f
31、luid movement.Study Approaches of Fluid Mechanics(1)Introductionbasic hypotheses mathematical modelanalytical solutiongeneral answercalculus,field theoryexact solutiontheoretical analysistheoretical analysisStudy Approaches of Fluid Mechanics(2)The second is an experimental approach.Which summarizes
32、 the fluid question by experiment as a similar experiment model,observes the phenomena and determines the data and conjectures the experiment results according to a certain method.experimental studyexperimental studymodel experiments observation&measurement convert to prototype similarity theoryexpe
33、rimental datasimilar modelMarvellous phenomena of Marvellous phenomena of flowflowFluid flow past a cylinder Cats eye phenomenonRe numberFluid flow past a spherical bodyboundary layer separation wake zonewake zoneincomingincoming flow flow Study Approaches of Fluid Mechanics(3)The third is a calcula
34、ting approach.Which draws out the experiment scheme according to the theory analysis and experiment observation,inputs the data by program and calculates the numerical solution with computer.numerical calculationnumerical calculationmathematical model numerical model numerical solution discretizedeq
35、uationsgoverning equationsapproximate solutionBoundary conditions&initial conditions computercomputerKarman vortex street due to air flows past a cylinderCFDCFDVortex shedding behind a circular cylinder.In this animation,the flow on the two sides of the cylinder are shown in different colors,which s
36、hows that the vortices are formed from the two sides alternately.Simulation of Simulation of Karman vortexKarman vortexCFDCFDFluid flows past a 2D bodyVelocity&pressure distributions in the flow passage of a centrifugal fanCentrifugal fanCentrifugal fanCFDCFDNumerical simulation with CFDNumerical si
37、mulation with CFDPumpCFDCFDmodelpressurevelocityAir-solid couplingAir-solid couplingfluid structure fluid structure interaction,interaction,FSIFSICFDCFDDisplacementTotal deformationStressEquivalent stress The three approaches have advantages and disadvantages.Only supplement each other can they adva
38、nce the development of fluid mechanics.Modern fluid mechanics has band the three approaches together organically and promote the development of fluid mechanics quickly.Study Approaches of Fluid Mechanics(4)AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages Theoretical Theoretical analysisanalysisl Exac
39、t(analytical)solution can be obtained.l Flow mechanism can be revealed.l Limited to basic assumptions.l Analytical solutions can be obtained only in a few cases.Experimental Experimental studystudyModel Model experimentexperimentl Flow parameters can be measured directly.l Empirical relations can be
40、 found.l High cost.l High measurement technique is required.l Uneasy to change the conditions.l Affected by scale effects.Numerical Numerical calculationcalculationl Can expand the range of theoretical solution.l Low cost.l Easy to change conditions.l Its not affected by scale effects.l Limited to t
41、heoretical model and numerical model.l Computational error is exist.Importance(position)of the course Fundamental coursesFundamental courses Basic specialty courseBasic specialty course Relative professional coursesRelative professional coursesIntroductionbridgebridgeThe first contribution to the co
42、me into being of the subject of fluid mechanics was did by Archimedes of ancient Greece.He founded the liquid balance theory include the physical principle of buoyancy and buoyancy stability.He established the basis of the hydrostatics.The formation and development of fluid mechanics is fell into fi
43、ve phases.History of Fluid Mechanics(1)Introductionl Questions of projectiles movement in fluid was put forward.The first period：before the 20th century BC.Introductionl Archimedes fix quantity theory of buoyancy;l Maliaut the balance to measure the resistance of moving object;l Pascal the basic rel
44、ation formula of hydrostatics.History of Fluid Mechanics(2)The second period：from the 20th B.C to late stage of the 17th century A.D.Introductionl Newton Newtons law of viscosity;l Bernoulli Bernoullis law of steady incompressible fluid;l Euler describing a method of fluid motion and equations of in
45、viscid fluid motion;l Lagrange stream function;l ReynoldsReynolds experiment and Reynolds equation;l Navier-Stokes differential equations of viscous fluid motion.The third period：from late stage of the 17th century A.D to the early days of the 20th century A.D.History of Fluid Mechanics(3)The fourth
46、 period：from early days of the 20th century A.D to the middle period.l The fluid mechanics has begun to research the questions in weather,ocean,petroleum,chemical engineering,energy sources,environmental protection and construction fields etc,and infiltrated with relative contiguous subjects each other and formed many new branches.Introductionl Prandtl boundary layer theory.The fifth period：after middle period of the 20th century A.D.History of Fluid Mechanics(4)The endThe endThank you!Thank you!
