1、名词性从句思维导图易考易错点总结 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。考查的要点主要是连接代词和副词的正确使用、主语和谓语的语序、双重连接词以及特殊句型的使用等。具体包括：1考查名词性从句的连接词。如：有词义的连接代词包括who, whose, whom, what, which；连接副词有when, where, why, how；从属连词有that, whether, if, as if；that无词义，在从句中不作成分，有时可省略。2考查名词性从句的语序和时态。3考查it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况。如： (1)Itbe形容词(necessary, important,
2、 obvious等)that从句； (2)Itbe过去分词that从句； (3)Itbe名词(a surprise, a fact, a shame, an honour等)that从句； (4)It不及物动词(appear, happen等)that从句。4考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气。如： (1)It is/wasessential/important/naturalthat； (2)It is/was suggested/demanded/wished/desiredthat等。5考查what引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。如：whatthe thing that/anything
3、that；whatthe place that；whatthe time that；whatthe person that等。6考查whoever，whatever，whichever引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。七大常考考点: 1.that what which; 2.it形式主语、宾语的用法; 3.语序问题; 4.同位语从句和定从的区别; 5.what whatever 6.ifwhether; 7.虚拟语气问题; 五、相关习题集中练习一. 相关概念1. 名词：表示人或事物的名称的词2. 名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作_,_,表语和_。同位语是对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通
4、常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任如：3. 名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主 语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个_来充当,这个句子就叫:名词性从句。二、名词性从句的种类1. When we will start is not clear. _从句2. Mrs. Black wont believe that her son has become a thief. _从句3. My idea is that we should do it right now. _从句4. I had no idea that you were her friend. _从句三、常见引导词：1）连接词
5、：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）。从属连词that只引导，本身无意义，仅起_作用。（引导宾语从句时可省，但是如果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第_个）That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。2）连接代词who, whom, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如：Thats why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。When we arrive doesnt matter. 什么时候到没有关系。T
6、ell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。3）连接副词where, when, how, why等，有意义，在句中作状语The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。When shell be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜4）从属连词if, whether（是否）(if只能引导动词、形
7、容词之后的宾语从句)1. _ he said has nothing to do with you.2. _well start tomorrow will be told soon.3. _ he did such a thing satisfied me.4._ we can protect cultural relics needs to be discussed.四四大从句讲解1. 主语从句 作句子_语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词_，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等
8、词引导。that在句中无词义，只起_作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。如：_ he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。It is known to us _ he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。_the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语
9、从句后的谓语动词一般用_数形式。常用句型如（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句（a pity,a shame,a fact,a wonder,an honor, no wonder,a surprise）如：你考试失败了真是遗憾_（2） It + be + 形容词 + that从句（clear，important，necessary，probable，possible） It is certain that she will do well in her exam. （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句(said, reported, thought, hop
10、ed, believed, known)coral reefs-珊瑚礁如:据报道，珊瑚礁正遭受破坏。_（4） It + 不及物动词 + that 从句（seem, happen, appear）如：碰巧那天我出去了。_另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requeste
11、d, proposed, desired, etc.) that练习题：(1) _ he will come is certain.(2) _she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.(3) _ surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.(4) _ team will win the match is a matter of public concern.(5) _ she has gone
12、 is not known yet.1. _is known to all, Taiwan is only part of China. 2. It is known to all_ Taiwan is only part of China.3. It was on Sunday _ I met him.1.It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master 2. His suggestion wa
13、s that we _ another meeting to discuss the question. A hold B would hold C held D holding 单句改错1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.2.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.3.I didnt know that you will come.4.He said that he is writing a story.5.Could you tell me when w
14、ill he arrive?翻译下面句子1) 很显然你进步巨大。_2) 很遗憾你错过了音乐会。_3) 你打电话时我碰巧不在家._ 2. 宾语从句 名词句用作_的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何_，在口语或非正式的文体中常被_，但如从句是并列句时,第_个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me he will go to Shanghai tomorrow and that he will be back in
15、 two days.观察并思考：宾语从句中的连接词that在什么情况下不能省略？Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.总结：_注意：表示“坚持、命令、建议或要求”等词出现时，不管是在哪一种从句中，常用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词形式为（should）+ 动词原形，其中should可省略。例如：（一坚
16、持insist）（二命令command, order）（四建议advise, recommend, suggest, propose）（四要求demand, desire, request, require）以及他们的同根名词。I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出1)My suggestion is that we_(go) to the cinema together.2)His
17、advice that we_(come) here on the dot is very reasonable.3)The order came _ the soldiers _ (destroy） the small village the next morning.2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用_语序。例如：I want to know _ he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你
18、什么。 She always thinks of _ she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give _ needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人她都给予热情支持 3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。区别 if 与 whether 1) Whether we will go picnicking depends on whether it will be rainy.2) I have no idea whether he will come to the party
19、.3) The question is whether he will come to the party.4) I dont care whether he will attend the meeting or not.5) He cant decide _whether_ to stay here another day.6) He cant decide whether/if hell stay here another day. 你能归纳出须使用whether的情况吗？ _,_,_从句用whether _词宾语用whether whether与_ 连用 _前用whether【高考链接】
20、：We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A. if B. whether C. where D. that例如：_ there is life on the moon is an interesting question. Everything depends on _we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应。如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在
21、时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）例如：I know (that)he _ English every day. 我知道他每天学英语I know (that)he _ English last term. I know (that) he_ English next year. I know (that)he_ English since 1998. （当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的_时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用_时态。例如：The teacher told us that
22、Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。6. wish后的宾语从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步，即wish that 过去时(跟现在相反)would +v. (跟将来相反)had done (跟过去相反)would rather that sb did st
23、h sb had done E.g.: I wish that I _that film star yesterday.A saw B. had seen C would see D has seen 7. 在appreciate, like, dislike, love, hate等后接由if或when引导的宾语从句中；在see to注意,务必,保证, depend on, rely on, count on等后that引导的从句中，从句前常加it作形式宾语。1) I hate_when they talk with their mouth full of food.2) I like _
24、in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. 3). You may depend on _ that you parents will help you whenever you need it.译：走的时候务必做到锁好门。_译：你可相信，他会帮你的。_8. 练习题用if 或whether 填空1. I dont know _Ill be free tomorrow. 2. It seemed as if he was indifferent(漠然)_ he could get into a lifeboat. 3. The ques
25、tion is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 时态：1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3.Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4.I hear
26、 they _ (return) it already. 5.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)6. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)7. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)8. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be)翻译：用宾语从句翻译下列句子1. 老师曾告诉我们有志者事竟成。_2. 他们都在担心是否
27、能按时到达那里. _3.我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的。_4. 我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。3. 表语从句 在句中作_的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。The fact is_ we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That is_ he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks _ it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当
28、主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 表语从句注意事项：1）.在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。2）.一般情况下，“that”不能省。3）. It is /was because . It is /was why. 4）. The reason (why/for)is /was that.5）The reason is because /why4. 同位语从
29、句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。 The news _we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea _ he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came
30、 to him _Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别： 同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后, 用以_或_前面的名词的内容，引导词一般为that，没有意义，不作任何成分，只起_作用，但不能_。定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用，引导词不止that，引导词在句中作一定成分，有意义，且tha
31、t / which 在定语从句中如果做宾语，可以省略。E.g.: The news that she passed the exam excited her parents. _从句解释说明；that在从句中不充当成分, 没有意义，是连接代词，但是不能省。The news that we know from her excited all of us. _从句修饰限定；that代替先行词news，是关系代词，在从句中有意义，做成分，作宾语，可以省。1. The suggestion that he should not go there is of great value. _语从句2. Th
32、e suggestion that he made is of great value. _从句3. The fact that he won the first place cant be denied. _从句4. The fact that he told me excited me. _从句注: 1. 同位语从句多用that 引导2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句. I have no idea _ he has gone.I have no idea _ he did it.I have no idea _ he did.5. 区别what与that观察并
33、总结: what与that在从句中的句法功能有何不同？What we cant get seems better than what we have.That a new teacher will come to our school is true.总结：that 只起_作用，无意义，在从句中_任何成分; what 既有_作用，又要在从句中_成分（主语，宾语，表语）( 的东西;物;话;时间;地点;人物;数目等不同概念)1.After five hours drive, they reached was called the hometown of the goddess.2. The oth
34、er day, my brother drove his car down the street at was a dangerous speed. 3. The village was quite different from it used to be. 4. _the earth is round is known to us all.5. Father made a promise _ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.1）_ you dont like him is none of my business.
35、A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether6.观察并总结what ,which 区别 -Do you know what Mr. Blacks address is? -He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of which.总结：what (什么) / which (表选择, 哪一个) I read about it in some books or other, does it matter_ it was? 2) _ he said at the meeting astonish
36、ed everybody present. 7. “whatever / whoever / whichever / whenever / wherever / however”的用法whatever / whoever / whichever可以引导_从句或_从句，他们既在从句中做成分又在主句中作成分，相当于anything that, anybody who等，此时不能与no matter what / who / which互换E.g.: Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. (试体会本句，不可以变成no
37、 matter who引导的让步状语从句)whatever / whoever / whichever / whenever / wherever / however可引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么/谁/哪个/何时/何地/怎样都”，相当于no matter what / who/ which / when / where / how.E.g.: Wherever I went, the dog always followed me. (本句可换成No matter where I went, the dog always followed me. 主从句依然没有问题)1. _ was sai
38、d here must be kept as a secret. 2. _we need is more time. 3. _ breaks the law will be punished. 4._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句，no matter wh-只引导让步状语从句 It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants. 8.关系型 what引导名词性从句的五种用法1)
39、. 表示“的东西或事情”：Theyve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。2). 表示“的人或的样子”：He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德
40、培养成现在这个样子的？3). 表示“的数量或数目”：Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。4). 表示“的时间”：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。The young gir
41、l was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。5). 表示“的地方”：This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆练习题用名词性从句连词填空Dear teachers， _makes us depressed _ we will graduate
42、from JiaShan Senior School. The reason why we are so sad is _ we will say goodbye to our lovely teachers and classmates. The days we spent together are full of joys and tears._ you are always so strict with us made me hate you. However, you are also ready to give your hand to _turns to you for help. Now we understand _you have tried to do for us_ you do and say is of great help to us.We dont care about _we can survive the struggle- National Entrance Exam or not. _ we cherish is _we have enjoyed the process. Thanks for your teaching! Best wishes!
