1、UNIT 2Exploring EnglishSection BUsing language话题词汇 词汇一词汇一 英美词汇、拼写和语法的差异（部分示例）英美词汇、拼写和语法的差异（部分示例）【教材原句教材原句】American and British English 美式英语和英式英语题组练领悟方法【学法点拨学法点拨】英美英语的拼写规则比较（部分）：（1）美式英语中通常将英式英语中的字 母组合our 中的u 省去；（2）美式英语中通常用 z 代替英式英语 中的s；（3）构词时英式英语中单词要双写最后 的辅音字母，而美式英语则不需要；（4）英式英语中有一些单词名词形式中 的c 在动词形式中要变
2、成s，但是美式英语中不存在这样的情况，全部都用c；（5）一些在英式英语中以re结尾的单词，在美式英语里以er 结尾；（6）一些英式英语中的单词以 gue 结尾，但在美式英语中统统以g 结尾；（7）美国人把“轮胎”拼成 tire，而英国人 拼成 tyre。词汇填空词汇填空American EnglishBritish EnglishVocabularypants 裤子 candy 糖果garbage 垃圾 vacation 假期restroom/bathroom 洗手间trousers 裤子 _糖果rubbish 垃圾 _假期toilet 洗手间Spellingcenter 中心 color 颜
3、色traveler 旅行者behavior 行为organize 组织program 项目，程序centre 中心 _颜色traveller 旅行者 behaviour 行为_组织programme 项目，程序sweetholidaycolourorganiseAmerican EnglishBritish EnglishGrammarSam just went home.萨姆刚刚回家。That skirt fit badly.那条裙子很不合身。Hello，is this Wang Li?（on thephone）你好，是王丽吗？（在电话中）I live on Zhenning Road.我住
4、在珍宁路。Call me at 5555 5678.拨打5555 5678 找我。Sams just gone home.萨姆刚刚回家。That skirt fitted badly.那条裙子很不合身。Hello，is _ Wang Li?（on thephone）你好，是王丽吗？（在电话中）I live _ Zhenning Road.我住在珍宁路。Call me _ 5555 5678.拨打5555 5678 找我。thatinon核心词汇 词汇二词汇二 come across（偶然）遇见，发现；被理解（偶然）遇见，发现；被理解【教材原句教材原句】When you open a dicti
5、onary，you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words.当你打开词典时，你经常会遇到许多不熟悉的单词。【要点必记要点必记】表示“偶然遇见”的短语还有：run across，meet with，happen to，run into，meet.by chance。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】come about 发生come to 总共；达到come up 走近，靠近；被提及，被讨论come out 出版；出现；开花come along 到达；赶快come up with 想出，想到（答案等）单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）She came an old
6、friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.（2）The argument came when they talked about politics.（3）Since Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in 2012，his fans have been eagerly waiting for his more new novels to come .单句写作单句写作（4）你能告诉我这起事故是怎样发生的吗？Can you tell me how the accident?（5
7、）有几位同学提出了自己的建议。Several of the students have suggestions of their own.acrossabout out come about come up with 词汇三词汇三 contact（1）vt.联络；联系（联络；联系（2）n.联系；接触联系；接触【教材原句教材原句】a friend that you contact by writing，traditionally using a pen 通过写信，传统上用钢笔写来联系的一位朋友【要点必记要点必记】be/get/stay/keep in contact with sb.与某人保持联
8、系lose contact with sb.与某人失去联系make contact with sb.与某人取得联系bring sb.into contact with sth.使某人接触某物单句写作单句写作（1）Then，after the girl had become famous，he tried to （与她取得联系）.（2）Give the names of two people （可以联系上的）in case of emergency.单句语法填空单句语法填空（3）The college has brought me into contact western ideas.make
9、contact with her who can be contacted with词汇四词汇四 organization n.组织，团体，机构（亦作组织，团体，机构（亦作 organisation）【教材原句教材原句】World Trade Organisation 世界贸易组织【词语积累词语积累】organize/organise vt.组织；安排organizer/organiser n.组织者organized/organised adj.有组织的，有条理的well organized 精心组织的【一言助记一言助记】The organiser was told to organise
10、a meeting for a voluntary organisation.那个组织者被要求为一个志愿者组织安排一次会议。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）The letters WTO stand for the World Trade （organise）.（2）It is said that the meeting （organise）very well and everything went smoothly.（3）He works for a business （organise）and often travels everywhere.单句写作单句写作（4）They （成立了一个组织
11、）to help the homeless people.Organisationwas organised organisationset up an organization 词汇五词汇五 likely adj.可能的，可能发生的可能的，可能发生的【教材原句教材原句】unlike，dislike，likeness，likely，liking，unlikely 不像、不喜欢、喜欢、可能的、（对的）喜欢、不可能的【要点必记要点必记】It is likely that.可能【词语辨析词语辨析】likely，possible 与 probable 三者都可表示“可能的”。可能性：probablel
12、ikelypossible（1）likely：主语为人、物或形式主语 it 句式：Sb./Sth.is likely to do sth.It is likely that.（2）possible：主语为物或形式主语 it 句式：It is possible（for sb.）to do sth./It is possible that.（3）probable：主语为物或形式主语 it 句式：It is probable that.辨析填空辨析填空（likely/possible/probable）（1）Would it be for me to speak to the chief docto
13、r and tell him to use less morphine?（2）It is that the addict will be sent to the treatment centre.（3）As time goes by，the price of houses is to be reduced to a normal level.单句写作单句写作（4）The injured boy （有可能）receive treatment tomorrow.（5）（他有可能）he will share his experience with us.（6）2015四川卷Brian is gift
14、ed in writing music；he （非常有可能成为）a Beethoven.possiblelikely/possible/probablelikelyis likely to It is likely that is very likely to be 词汇六词汇六 addition n.增加物，添加物增加物，添加物;此外，除此之外此外，除此之外 in addition 除此之外除此之外【教材原句教材原句】Each year，many additions are made to English dictionaries.每年，英语词典都会增加许多词条。【要点必记要点必记】in a
15、ddition“除此之外，另外”，是副词，单独作状语in addition to“除之外（还）”，是短语介词，后接名词、代词或动名词【学法学法点拨点拨】in addition 可用于句首、句中或句末，用于句首或句中时，通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。辨析填空辨析填空（in addition/in addition to）（1）I can post the letter for you.，doing some walking does me good.（2）the names on the list，there are six other applicants.（3）天津卷 the school
16、，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.单句写作单句写作（4）The products are of high quality.（另外），the price is low.（5）（除了游泳），she likes playing the guitar.In addition In addition to In addition to In addition In addition to swimming 单元语法 构词法构词法英语构词法主要有四种：派生法、合成法、转化法和缩略法。要点一要点一 派
17、生法派生法在一个词根的前面或后面加上某个词缀生成一个新词，这种构词法称为派生法。加在前面的词缀叫前缀，加在后面的词缀叫后缀。（1）前缀 前缀一般只改变词的意义，不改变词性。表示否定意义的前缀前前 缀缀例例 词词un-unfit 不健康的；不合适的unlike 不像unlimited 无限的dis-dislike不喜欢disagree 不同意disappear 消失前前 缀缀例例 词词in-/im-/ir-/il-incomplete不完全的impossible 不可能的irregular 不规则的illegal 不合法的non-non-smoker 不抽烟者non-stop 不停的non-vi
18、olence 非暴力mis-misunderstand误解misuse 误用misread 读错表示其他意义的前缀前前 缀缀含含 义义例例 词词a-的asleep 睡着的 alive 活着的en-使enrich 使丰富enlarge 使扩大inter-互相international 国际的Internet 因特网re-再，又，重recycle再循环rebuild重建tele-远程的television 电视telescope 望远镜前前 缀缀含含 义义例例 词词auto-自动automatic 自动的 autodial 自动拨号co-共同co-worker 同事cooperate 合作anti
19、-反对，防止antibody 抗体 antifreeze 防冻剂multi-多multicultural 多元文化的multichannel 多频道的kilo-千kilogram 千克kilometre 千米（2）后缀后缀通常改变词性，构成意思相近的其他词性的词，少数后缀会改变词义。形容词后缀后后 缀缀含含 义义例例 词词-able 可的，能的acceptable 可接受的movable 可移动的 -al 属于的，具有 性 质的cultural 文化的magical 有魔力的 -an 某地的，人的Asian亚洲（人）的Canadian 加拿大（人）的-en 由制作的wooden 木制的wool
20、en 羊毛的后后 缀缀含含 义义例例 词词-ern 方向的eastern 东方的western 西方的-ese 某国（人）的Chinese 中国（人）的Japanese 日本（人）的-ful 充满的harmful 有害的respectful 恭敬的-less 没有的useless 无用的 hopeless 绝望的-ic/-ical 与有关的，的historic 历史的typical 典型的后后 缀缀含含 义义例例 词词-ish 如的selfish 自私的childish 孩子气的 -ive 有 性质的，有 倾向的impressive 给人深刻印象的protective 保护的-ous 有特性的
21、dangerous 危险的mountainous 多山的；山一般的 -ly 有性质的friendly 友好的likely 可能的-y 充满的wealthy 富有的dusty 积满灰 尘的动词后缀 后后 缀缀例例 词词-fy/-ify simplify 简化classify 将分类-en shorten 缩短widen 加宽-ize/-ise realize/realise 实现apologize/apologise 道歉副词后缀后后 缀缀含含 义义例例 词词-ly 地personally 就个人而言；亲自totally 完全地-ward（s）表示“方向”forward（s）向前（地）westw
22、ard（s）向西（地）名词后缀后后 缀缀含含 义义例例 词词-er 人designer 设计师programmer 程序员-or 人sailor 水手actor 演员-ist 人specialist 专家 artist 艺术家-ess 女性，雌性actress 女演员 lioness 母狮-ful 充满 的量handful 一把mouthful 一满口后后 缀缀含含 义义例例 词词-ment 状态，结果excitement 兴奋，刺激achievement 成就-ness 状态，性质sickness 疾病kindness 仁慈，好意-tion/-ation 状态，行为production 生产
23、；制造explanation 解释；说明-sion 状态，行为 admission 允许进入permission 许可；允许-th 性质，状态，过程warmth 温暖strength 强项；力量-an/-ian 人musician 音乐家physician 医生后后 缀缀含含 义义例例 词词-ism 主义；行业optimism乐观；乐观主义tourism 旅游业-ship 情况，状态，性质；身份，职业；技能relationship 关系citizenship 公民权musicianship 音乐技能-y 状态，性质difficulty 困难 honesty 诚实-hood 时期；状态；身份ch
24、ildhood 童年motherhood 母亲身份数词后缀 后后 缀缀例例 词词-teen fourteen 十四 eighteen 十八-ty forty 四十 eighty 八十-th fourth 第四 eighth 第八第一组：前缀第一组：前缀用括号内所给词的派生词填空用括号内所给词的派生词填空（1）She never gets any exerciseshe must be really （fit）.（2）词汇复现Her nervousness quickly （appear）once she was on stage.（3）No，I （agree）.I dont think it
25、would be the right thing to do.（4）I want to speak to Mr Franks.Im afraid thats （possible）.（5）2015湖北卷This meeting room is a （smoking）area.I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.unfit disappeared disagreeimpossiblenon-smoking（6）Dont （understand）meI am grateful f
26、or all youve done.（7）He was so tired that he fell （sleep）at his desk.（8）It was a bad accidenttheyre lucky to be （live）.（9）The study of science has （rich）all our lives.（10）Reading will （large）your vocabulary.（11）How do you find an （national）partner for your project?（12）We take all our bottles to be （
27、cycle）.（13）Lucy turned on the （vision）to watch the evening news.misunderstand asleep aliveenriched enlarge international recycled television单词拼写单词拼写（14）My camera is fully （自动的）.（15）Think about something that happened to you，a （同事），or a member of your family.（16）We live in a （多元文化的）society.automatic
28、co-workermulticultural第二组：后缀第二组：后缀用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空（17）For this course a pass in English at grade B is （accept）.（18）词汇复现It is important to look at the political and （culture）context in which the novel was written.（19）2015福建卷In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby （wo
29、od）table with a pile of books on it.（20）2019天津卷Personally，Id want to learn about （west）painting.（21）2019江苏卷Its an opportunity to make the （China）culture better known to international students.acceptableculturalwoodenwesternChinese（22）If we know that gossip（流言蜚语）can be （harm），then why do so many of u
30、s do it?（23）Water had got into the radio，and now it was completely （use）.（24）2017浙江11 月卷The most obvious thing is that there is much more activity in the streets than in a （type）US city.（25）2016全国卷Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be _（self）by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf
31、 at home.（26）She was very （impress）in the interview.harmful uselesstypical selfishimpressive（27）2018天津卷The forest in the dark is （danger）for them.（28）2015天津卷I neednt have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very （friend）to me.（29）He left as a poor，working class boy and
32、 returned as a （wealth）man.（30）The books in the library are （class）according to subject.（31）2016全国卷If we go on a trip abroad，we can （broad）our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.（32）2019浙江卷Before hearing from Zac，Adeline hadnt （realize）the medal was missing.dangerousfriendlywealthyclas
33、sifiedbroaden realized（33）2019全国卷Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types _（different）.（34）2019全国卷What is the second paragraph （main）about?（35）2019全国卷For Western （design），China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration（灵感）for Western creative.（36）2019全国卷Then，when I was in the fifth gra
34、de，I wanted to be a _（teach）because I liked my English （teach）very/so much.（37）2016全国 卷Simon is a comedian and （act）who has 10 years experience of teaching comedy.（38）2019江苏卷Naomi，Melissas best friend and a talented （piano），got to know about this and showed willingness to help.differentlymainlydesig
35、nersteacherteacheractorpianist（39）2018浙江11 月卷Cabbies know all the latest news about film stars，the Royal Family，government leaders，and popular singers or actors and （act）.（40）2017浙江卷Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a （hand）of small carrots and was about t
36、o throw them away.（41）2019全国卷This （develop）did not take place overnight.（42）2019全国卷First，you need to evaluate（评估）yourself，your values，your strengths，your （weak），your （achieve），your desires，etc.Only then should you set your goals.（43）2019全国卷We are confident that we can win this （compete）.But we since
37、rely hope you will give us your guidance and （encourage）.actresseshandfuldevelopment weaknessesachievementscompetitionencouragement（44）2019江苏卷He felt concerned about his （ill）.（45）2019天津3 月卷For the first time，I could see （soft）and _（warm）in his eyes.（46）2019全国卷What makes the （invent）of the smart key
38、board possible?（47）2019全国卷There were two reasons for the （decide）.（48）2018江苏卷The arts create jobs that help develop the economy.Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists，technical experts，managers，_（music），or writers to create an appealing（有感染力的）piece of art.illnesssoftnesswarmthinventi
39、ondecisionmusicians（49）2019全国卷“Of course，we notice it when the sun is shining，”says Karin Ro，who works for the towns （tour）office.（50）2019天津卷 My son got a full （scholar）to his dream university!Wow，good for him!Whats he going to study?（51）2018浙江卷I have no （difficult）communicating with them.（52）2019北京
40、卷（honest）is the best policy.（53）2018浙江11 月卷You probably have been using caffeine since _（child）.（54）2019北京卷Regardless of the weather or the distance，Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his （neighbour）arrive at their college classes on time.tourismscholarshipdifficultyHonestychildhoodne
41、ighbourhood要点二要点二 合成法合成法把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫合成法，由合成法构成的词叫合成词。（1）合成名词的主要构成方法 n.+n.pineapple 菠萝 mankind 人类 eggplant 茄子 adj.+n.greenhouse 温室 highway 公路 blackboard 黑板 v.+n.breakwater 防波堤 pickpocket 扒手 playground 操场 n.+v.sunshine 阳光 daybreak 破晓 sunrise 日出 haircut 理发 n.+v.-ing sightseeing 观光 handwritin
42、g 书法 v.-ing+n.dining car 餐车 waiting room 候诊室；候车室 adv.+n.inland 内陆 overcoat 大衣 v.+adv.get-together 联欢会 breakdown 破裂 adv.+v.outbreak 爆发 output 产量 downfall 垮台income 收入 pron.+n.he-goat 公山羊she-wolf 母狼其他方式：well-being 健康 grown-up 成年人 brother-in-law 姐/妹夫go-between 中间人 commander-in-chief 总司令 passer-by 路人（2）合
43、成动词的主要构成方法 n.+v.sunbathe 沐日光浴 sleepwalk 梦游 adv.+v.download 下载 undergo 经历 adj.+v.whitewash 粉刷 blacklist 列入黑名单（3）合成形容词的主要构成方法 adj.+n.-ed noble-minded 高尚的 good-tempered 脾气好的 adj.+v.-ing good-looking 好看的 easy-going 随和的 adv.+v.-ing hard-working 勤劳的 far-reaching 影响深远的 n.+v.-ing peace-loving 热爱和平的 n.+过去分词s
44、tate-owned 国营的 sunburnt 晒黑的 adv.+过去分词well-known 著名的 widespread 广泛流传的 adj./adv.+n.full-time 全职的 high-class 高级的 downtown 市区的 n.+adj.ice-cold 冰冷的 airsick 晕机的 seasick 晕船的 carsick 晕车的 homesick 想家的 num.+n.million-pound 百万英镑的 first-class 头等的 num.+n.+adj.eight-year-old 八岁的 five-metre-long 五米长的 num.+n.-ed th
45、ree-legged 三条腿的 ten-storeyed 10 层的 其他方式构成的合成形容词overall 全部的 face-to-face 面对面的all-round 全面的 happy-go-lucky 无忧无虑的（4）合成副词的主要构成方法 adj.+n.hotfoot 匆忙地 adv.+adv.however 然而 prep.+n.overnight 一夜之间 prep.+adv.forever 永远（5）合成介词的主要构成方法 adv.+n.outside 在外面 prep.+adv.within 在之内完成句子完成句子第一组第一组（1）词汇复现学校组织了一次郊游。有些学生带着菠萝
46、、火腿、炸茄子以及其他食物。The school organized an outing.Some students took ，hams，fried _ and other food with them.（2）我们为人类的幸福而努力。We labour for the happiness of .pineappleseggplantsmankind（3）2015广东卷萨莉走到讲台上，拿起一支粉笔，在黑板上写了：“规则一：我们是一家人！”Sally walked onto the platform，picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the ：“Ru
47、le 1：We are family!”（4）我离开操场时，孩子们的笑声还在我耳边回响。The childrens laughter was still ringing in my ears as I left the .（5）2019全国卷3 500 名居民不能同时享受阳光。The 3，500 residents cannot all enjoy the at the same time.blackboardplayground sunshine（6）2017北京卷此外，沿江风光令人惊叹，有许多著名的观光景点。Moreover，the scenery along the river is a
48、mazing，with many well-known _ spots.（7）候车室的公告牌要求人们不要吸烟和随地吐痰。Notices in the requested that you neither smoke nor spit.（8）他把帽子和大衣放在一张椅子上。He placed his cap and on a chair.（9）我在联欢会上交了许多新朋友。I made many new friends at the .sightseeingwaiting room overcoatget-together（10）旅游业是这个地区的主要收入来源。Tourism is a major
49、source of for the area.（11）2016全国卷然后走出去，制订一个计划，把你的童年记忆转化为你的成年人花园。Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your _ garden.（12）我走进一家咖啡馆坐下，望着来往的路人。I went and sat in a cafe and watched the .incomegrown-uppassers-by第二组第二组（13）每天上午富兰克林都在游泳池中游泳，在池边晒太阳。Franklin swam and at
50、 the pool every morning.（14）用户可以把资料下载到台式机上。Users can their material to a desktop PC.（15）墙已经粉刷过了。The walls had been .sunbatheddownloadwhitewashed第三组第三组（16）他救了落水的朋友，这是很高尚的。It was when he saved his friend from drowning.（17）她生性随和，人缘很好。Her nature made her popular.（18）辛勤工作的人通常有可能得到他们想要的。people usually can
