1、【英语】英语专题汇编阅读理解(社会文化)(一)一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1阅读理解 The United States is home to 562 recognized American Indian Nations each with its own language. Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribes language has decreased over the past century. Now, Indian Nations are trying differen
2、t ways to expand the number of native speakers, and increase interest in their communities to learn tribal languages. Since the late 1800s many American Indian children have attended boarding schools. At that time, Indian children were required to attend schools by law, and the government forced Ind
3、ian families to send their children to such schools. The children were separated from their families. and given English name The teachers often taught native American students in English, instead of the language of their parents. They were told they needed to learn English in order to get a job, ear
4、n money and buy a house or nice things. However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members. At least one organization is turning to modern technology-The Sealaska Heritage Institute, a nonprofit group,
5、 has developed two apps for speakers of the Tlingit language. The Learning Tlingit app serves as a reference for important language topics such as conversation phrases, number, and letters. The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in southeastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the trib
6、e had only 125 native speakers left. in addition, very few young people are able to speak Tlingit. Currently there are two apps, called Learning Tlingit and Tlingit Language Games. The Learning Tlingit app serves as a language guide. It provides Tlingit words and expressions, the tribal alphabet, as
7、 well as a basic list of the words included. With the Tlingit Language Games app, users are given a choice of different places of environments, like a house, forest or ocean.（1）What is the problem the native Americans are facing now? A.The number of native Americans has been increasing.B.Fewer and f
8、ewer native Americans speak their own language.C.Their native language has been extinct.D.Its hard to increase the interest of hearing native languages.（2）What will be the result if more and more native Americans only speak English? A.They will get better jobs and higher pay.B.They will teach their
9、own children to speak English.C.They will lose their history and culture.D.They will get along well with the government.（3）What can we know about Tlingit? A.It can help the native people know some language topics.B.It can help the: native people earn money and buy a. house or nice thingsC.It is a ve
10、ry popular app among the native speakersD.It is a native language spoken by fewer than 200 people.（4）What is the main idea of the passage? A.American Indian tribes efforts to increase native speakers.B.Reasons for the disappearance of some American Indian languages.C.Ways to help the native tribes l
11、ead a traditional life.D.The popularity of the language learning apps.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法来增加本族语言的使用，否则，他们的本族语言将面临严重的危机。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribes language has decreased over the past century. ”但是能说他
12、们本族语言的本地美国人的数量在过去的一个世纪中已将减少。可知，会说本族语的美国土著的人数在过去的一个多世纪中已经减少了，故选B。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members.”然而，害怕失去自己的历史和文化，许多印第安部落尝试新的方法来提升族人的本族语使用能力。可知，如果越来越多的族人只说英语，他们将会失去
13、自己的历史和文化。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第九段中的“The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in southeastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left.”特林吉特部落有大约一万人。他们主要居住在阿拉斯加东南部。但是就2013年的统计，这个部落只有125人可以说自己民族的语言，可知，现在仅仅有不到两百人可以说这种语言了，故选D。 （4）考查主旨大意。本文前六段描述了美国印第安人在民族语言方面面临
14、的处境以及这一处境引起的担忧，最后四段提出了针对这一问题的解决方案：美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法（app）来增加本族语使用人数。选项A中efforts能凸显人们这一问题的担心及在努力寻求解决方案方面所做的努力。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 It is commonly believed that the earliest Chinese paper-cutsappeared during the sixth century. Some scho
15、lars believe it was even earlier.Legend has it that during the Western Han Dynasty(206BC-AD24), Emperor Wudi wasvery sad after one of his favorite concubines, Madame Li, died. A Taoistpriest, Li Shaoweng, cut a piece of hemp paper in the shape of Madame Li. Whenevening fell, the emperors servants li
16、t candles in his bedroom; the reflectionof that paper-cut on the wall made the emperor think about his belovedconcubine. The Yuxian paper-cut is different from most paper-cutsproduced in other regions of China. Paper-cuts from other regions are mostlycut with scissors or knives from single-colored p
17、aper, such as red or blackpaper. There are four major procedures to making the Yuxianpaper-cut: First, sketch the pattern on the draft paper; second, fasten thedraft to the paper to be cut; third, use a knife to carve out the pattern; andfourth, dye (染色)the paper-cut with various colors. Precise cut
18、ting skills are needed to make a piece of theYuxian paper-cut, which highlights the craft makers artistic taste and dyeingskills. That explains the following saying: The successful making of aYuxian paper-cut is 30 percent dependent on the makers cutting skills, and 70percent on the makers dyeing sk
19、ills. The traditional Yuxian paper-cut highlights two themes:flowers and characters in Chinese operas. The paper-cut is particularly knownfor its vivid description of characters in various traditional Chinese operas.In October 2009, the art of Yuxians paper-cut was added to the list ofIntangible Cul
20、tural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) established by UNESCO (United NationsEducational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization).（1）The first paragraph is actually about_. A.Emperor Wudis favorite concubineB.the origins of Chinese paper-cutsC.the inventor of Chinese paper-cutD.one of the themes of Yuxian paper-cut
21、（2）Which is the most important skill of making paper-cut? A.Drawing skill.B.Cutting skill.C.Dyeing skill.D.Carving skill（3）According to the passage, the Yuxian paper-cut is especially famous for its_. A.lively images of characters in classic operasB.traditional Chinese operasC.Chinese cultural influ
22、ence on operasD.advanced cutting techniques（4）What is the best title for the passage? A.The Earliest Chinese LegendB.The Yuxian Paper-cut SkillsC.Emperor Wudis Sad StoryD.Chinese Yuxian Paper-cut【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国蔚县剪纸。（1）考查段落大意。根据第一段可知，介绍了中国剪纸的起源。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The su
23、ccessful making of a Yuxian paper-cut is 30 percent dependent on the makers cutting skills, and 70 percent on the makers dyeing skills.”蔚县剪纸的成功制作30 %取决于制作人的切割技巧，70 %取决于制作人的染色技巧。可知染色技巧对于剪纸最重要。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The paper-cut is particularly known for its vivid description of characters in various
24、traditional Chinese operas”剪纸以其对各种传统戏曲中人物的生动描述而闻名。可知，选A。（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了蔚县剪纸有四个主要步骤。制作蔚县剪纸需要精确的切割技巧，这突出了手工艺者的艺术品味和染色技巧。传统蔚县剪纸突出了两个主题:中国戏曲中的花和人物。这些都是围绕着“中国蔚县剪纸”这个主题展开的。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 The Nazca Lines are a series of large
25、 ancient geoglyphs (地画) in the Nazca Desert, in southern Peru. It is ranging from geometric patterns to drawings of different animals and stylized human-like forms. The ancient lines can only be truly taken in from high in the air, leaving generations puzzled as to how these precise works could have
26、 been completed long before the documented invention of human flight. The Lines were first spotted when commercial airlines began flying across the Peruvian desert in the 1920,s. Who built them and what was their purpose? Are they roads, star pointers，maybe even a gigantic map? If the people who liv
27、ed here 2,000 years ago had only a simple technology, how did they manage to construct such precise figures? Did they have a plan? These markings are like a vast puzzle. The Nazca Lines are the most outstanding group of geoglyphs in the world. There are also huge geoglyphs in Egypt, Malta，United Sta
28、tes (Mississippi and California), Chile，Holivia and in other countries. But the Nazca geoglyphs, because of their numbers， characteristics, dimensions and cultural continuity as they were made and remade throughout a certain history period, form the most impressive archeological (考古学的) group. The Na
29、zca plain is unique for its ability to preserve the markings upon it, due to the combination of the climate (one of the driest on Earth, with only twenty minutes of rainfall per year) and the flat, stony ground which minimizes the effect of the wind at ground level. With no dust or sand to cover the
30、 plain and little rain or wind to erode (腐蚀) it, lines drawn here tend to stay drawn. These factors, combined with the existence of lighter-colored subsoil beneath the desert surface, provide a vast writing pad that is suited to the artist who wants to leave his mark eternal.（1）What can we know abou
31、t the Nazca Lines from the first two paragraphs? A.They were built as a big map.B.They were formed by nature.C.They are ancient lines in caves.D.They are huge markings in a desert（2）How many factors make the Nazca Lines the most impressive? A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.（3）Why are the Nazca Lines well
32、preserved? A.Because of the wind at ground level.B.Because of the existence of soft soil.C.Because of the climate and geography.D.Because of the thick sand on the top.（4）What does the underlined word “eternal” probably mean? A.Non-stop.B.Ever-lasting.C.Real-life.D.High-end.【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）C（4）B 【解析】【
33、分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了出现在秘鲁南部Nazca沙漠的大型古代地画The Nazca Lines，其神奇之处及形成原因。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The Nazca Lines are a series of large ancient geoglyphs (地画) in the Nazca Desert, in southern Peru.”及对The Nazca Lines图案和发现过程的具体介绍，可知the Nazca Lines是出现在秘鲁南部Nazca沙漠的大型古代地画，故选D。(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Who built them and what was
34、 their purpose? Are they roads, star pointers，maybe even a gigantic map? If the people who lived here 2,000 years ago had only a simple technology, how did they manage to construct such precise figures? Did they have a plan?”四方面使人迷惑的问题，可知这四个因素使the Nazca Lines更独特更使人们难忘，故选D。(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The Nazc
35、a plain is unique for its ability to preserve the markings upon it, due to the combination of the climate and the flat, stony ground which minimizes the effect of the wind at ground level.”可知因为这里干燥少雨的气候和平坦多石的地形使地画能很好的被保留，故选C。(4)考查词义猜测。最后一句指这些因素，加上沙漠表面下浅色地下土壤的存在，给那些想要永久留下印记的艺术家提供了一个巨大的书写板。“eternal”永恒
36、的，和Ever-lasting同义，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和词义猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并进一步根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，选出正确答案。4阅读理解 In our annual Readers Choice Awards survey, we asked our readers to rate their favorite cities in the world for arts and culture. These cities are centers of music and dance, museums, and
37、theaters. Here are four of them where you can find inspiration in the arts, starting with the top spot. Rome, Italy At its peak, the Roman Empire extended over nearly two million square miles of land across Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa. Today, that history is on display everywhere. The citys
38、main attractions are famous not because of tourist advertisements, but because they are really so impressive. No wonder its known as the Eternal City: You could spend forever here and find new artistic and cultural treasures every day. Paris, France Hemingway famously called Paris a moveable feast,
39、but wherever you go while in the city, there is always something to see, hear, taste or feel. With some 150 museums, Paris doubles as an art history class, offering the very best of the discipline across centuries and styles. London, United Kingdom London is inspiration and setting for the rise of S
40、hakespeare, Dickens, Orwell and Eliot and the breeding ground for all those iconic (标志性的) bands: The Kinks, The Clash and The Stones. London is also Banksys favorite canvas, home to more than 1,000 galleries, and the kind of place where you can spend a whole day in a single museum and still be ready
41、 for more when it opens the next morning. Vienna, Austria As we all know, Western music would be unrecognizable without Austrias capital, which nurtured many famous musicians. Its also the site of the Vienna Secession, a revolutionary art movement founded in 1897 by Gustav Klimt. Visitors today can
42、see the fruits of all that creativity in the citys 100 odd museums.（1）Why is Rome regarded as the Eternal City? A.It had an important role in history.B.Its history can be seen everywhere.C.People can easily find new art and culture.D.People can spend money well there.（2）What does the underlined word
43、 nurtured in the last paragraph mean? A.Produced.B.Affected.C.Attracted.D.Changed.（3）Which column can we probably find the text? A.History.B.Art.C.Education.D.Life.【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四个世界上最受喜爱的艺术和文化城市。 （1）考查细节理解。根据 Rome, Italy部分中的“No wonder its known as the Eternal City: You could
44、 spend forever here and find new artistic and cultural treasures every day.”可知难怪它被称为永恒之城：你可以永远在这里度过，每天都能发现新的艺术和文化宝藏。由此可知罗马被视为永恒之城是因为人们可以很容易地找到新的艺术和文化。故选C。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据Vienna, Austria部分中的“As we all know, Western music would be unrecognizable without Austrias capital”可知，如果没有奥地利的首都，西方的音乐将是不可识别的，因此推断画线句
45、句意：奥地利诞生了许多著名的音乐家。由此可知划线单词意思为“产生，诞生”，故选A。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“In our annual Readers Choice Awards survey, we asked our readers to rate their favorite cities in the world for arts and culture.”可知在一年一度的读者选择奖调查中，我们要求读者对世界上最喜爱的艺术和文化城市进行排名。以及文章内容主要介绍了四个艺术和文化城市，由此可推知文章能够在“艺术”一栏找到。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理
46、判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。5阅读短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Over the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport. Competitive cheerleading includes lots of
