1、状语及状语从句状语及状语从句 .状语状语 1.概念：概念：修饰动词修饰动词、形容词形容词、副词或整个句子副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句说明动作或状态特征的句 子成分叫作状语子成分叫作状语。 2.功能：功能：一般表示行为发生的时间一般表示行为发生的时间、地点地点、目的目的、原因原因、条件条件、让步让步、方方 式式、程度等意义程度等意义。 3.充当状语的词：充当状语的词：状语可由副词状语可由副词、介词短语介词短语、动词不定式动词不定式、分词分词、状语从状语从 句等充当句等充当。 4.位置：位置：(1)通常在句子基本结构后通常在句子基本结构后，强调时放在句首；强调时放在句首； (2)修饰形容
2、词或副词时修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰词之前；通常位于被修饰词之前； (3)表示时间表示时间、地点地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时强调时 放在句首放在句首，地点状语一般放在时间状语之前；地点状语一般放在时间状语之前； (4)一些表示频度的副词一些表示频度的副词(如如often，almost等等)作状语通常位于作状语通常位于be 动词动词、助动词助动词、情态动词之后情态动词之后、实义动词之前实义动词之前。 He did his homework carefully.(副词作状语副词作状语) 他认真地做了作业他认真地做了作业。 She goes out to
3、 do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语作状语介词短语作状语) 她星期天出去购物她星期天出去购物。 Feeling tired，he went to bed without supper.(非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语) 他感到很累他感到很累，没吃晚饭就上床睡觉了没吃晚饭就上床睡觉了。 一、时间状语从句 1. when，while，as引导的时间状语从句。 引导词 用 法 when 既可以表示在某一时间点，又可表示在某一段时间内，主 句与从句的动作或事情可以同时収生，也可以先后収生,从 句中的动词一般要用延续性动词或非延续性动词。 while while表示“当的
4、时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主 句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中収 生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。 as as表示“当的时候”，往往和when/while通用，但 它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时収生， 可以译为“随着”、“一边一边”,从句中的动 词一般要用延续性动词。 一、时间状语从句 when，while，as引导的时间状语从句。 01 When he knocked at the door，I was working at the table. Mary made coffee while her guests were having their me
5、al. As the time went on，the weather got worse. When/while I was reading, he came in. The students sang as they walked. 注意: 几种常用when的句型: be doing sth. when be about to do sth. when be on the point of doing sth. when had done when 1. When he _ (come) back, please tell him to meet me at my office. come
6、s 2. I will tell him when she _back. 3. I would tell him when she _back. comes came 特别提醒特别提醒: 时间状语从句中用时间状语从句中用一般现在时一般现在时代替代替一般将来时一般将来时,用用一般过一般过 去时去时代替代替过去将来时过去将来时 一、时间状语从句 before和since引导的时间状语从句。 02 He went off before I could say goodbye. 我没来得及和他说再见，他就走了。我没来得及和他说再见，他就走了。 He had worked in the factory
7、for ten years before he retired. 他在这个工厂工作了十年之后退休了。他在这个工厂工作了十年之后退休了。 John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job. 约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。 (1)before表示表示“在在之前；还未之前；还未就就；还没来得及；还没来得及就就”。常用于以下”。常用于以下 句型：句型： It will be一段时间一段时间before. 多久之后才多久之后才 It wont be long before. 不久
8、之后就不久之后就 It was一段时间一段时间before. 过了多久才过了多久才 一、时间状语从句 before和since引导的时间状语从句。 02 I have heard a lot of good things about you since I came back from abroad. 自从我从国外回来，我就听说了很多关于你的好事。自从我从国外回来，我就听说了很多关于你的好事。 (2)since表示“自从表示“自从”，从句中常用一”，从句中常用一般过去时般过去时，主句常用，主句常用现在完成现在完成 时时。 since后若接延续性动词或表示状态的动词过去式则表示从后若接延续性动词
9、或表示状态的动词过去式则表示从since后面的动作后面的动作 或状态结束到现在的时间。或状态结束到现在的时间。 It is ten years since they were married. 他们离婚十年了。他们离婚十年了。 一、时间状语从句 as soon as，the moment，the minute，the second，the instant， immediately，directly，instantly，no sooner.than.， hardly/scarcely.when.引导的时间状语从句。 一就 03 He jumped off the couch the moment
10、 the telephone rang. 电话一响，他就从沙发上跳起来了。电话一响，他就从沙发上跳起来了。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering. 他刚完成演讲，学生们就开始欢呼起来。他刚完成演讲，学生们就开始欢呼起来。 一、时间状语从句 every time，each time，next time，the first time引导的时间状语从
11、句。 04 Next time you go shopping，buy a few extra fruits and vegetables. 下次你去买东西，多买点水果蔬菜。下次你去买东西，多买点水果蔬菜。 the morning，the day，the week，the month，the year等引导的 时间状语从句。 05 He left Europe the year World War broke out. 第二次世界大战爆发那一年他离开了欧洲。第二次世界大战爆发那一年他离开了欧洲。 一、时间状语从句 till和until引导的时间状语从句。 06 Have you heard t
12、he meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday? 这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？ I didnt go to bed until/till my father came back. 直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 如果主句中的谓语动词是如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词瞬时动词时，必须用时，必须用否定形式否定形式；如果；如果 主句中的谓语动词是主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词延续性动词时，则用时，则用肯定或否定形式肯定或否定形式都可都可 以，但表达的意思不同。以，但表达的意
13、思不同。 二、地点状语从句 If you happen to get lost in the wild，youd better stay where you are and wait for help. 如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，你最好呆在原地等待帮助。如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，你最好呆在原地等待帮助。 He determined to go wherever he was most needed. 他决定去最需要他的地方。他决定去最需要他的地方。 地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位亍主句之 前，也可位亍主句之后。 地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。地点状语从句
14、在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。 Where theres a will，theres a way. 有志者，事竟成。有志者，事竟成。 三、条件状语从句 My parents dont mind what job I do as long as I am happy. 我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。 You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river bank. 只有不离河岸太远你才能下河游泳。只有不离河岸太远你才能下河游泳。 Suppose/
15、Supposing(that) they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help? 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁？假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁？ 条件状语从句的常见引导词有：条件状语从句的常见引导词有：ifif，unless (unless (除非除非) )，so/as long as (so/as long as (只要只要) )，on on condition that (condition that (条件是条件是) )，if only (if only (如果如果就好了就好了) )，in case (in case (万一，
16、如果万一，如果) )， suppose/supposing that/assuming that/provided that(suppose/supposing that/assuming that/provided that(假设，如果假设，如果) )等。等。 在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来含义。在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来含义。 If everyone does his part，the project will surely be a success. 如果大家都尽责，这个项目肯定会成功。如果大家都尽责，这个项目肯定会成功。 四、让步状语从句 although，th
17、ough，while引导的让步状语从句。 01 Though/Although/While a smart phone is a great help，we shouldnt spend too much time on it. 尽管智能手机很有帮助，但我们不应该在它上面花太多时间。尽管智能手机很有帮助，但我们不应该在它上面花太多时间。 as，though引导的让步状语从句需用部分倒装。 02 Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.在长途跋涉
18、之后，尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是因为累睡得在长途跋涉之后，尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是因为累睡得 很熟。很熟。 even if/even though引导的让步状语从句。 03 Even though the forest park is far away，a lot of tourists visit it every year. 尽管森林公园很远，可是很多游客每年都来参观。尽管森林公园很远，可是很多游客每年都来参观。 总结总结 1.although，though，as与与while引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 (1)although引导让步状语从句时引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常
19、语序；只能用正常语序； though引导让步引导让步 状语从句时状语从句时，可可用正常语序用正常语序，也可用倒装语序也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 时时只能用倒装语序只能用倒装语序，即即从句中的表语从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首状语或动词原形置于句首，若若 表语是单数名词表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词前置时要省略冠词。 (2)although与与though都可以与都可以与yet，still连用连用，但不能和但不能和but连用连用。 (3)while引导让步状语从句时引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首一般置于句首。 as as引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装
20、。其结构为：引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。其结构为： Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages. 特别注意： Child as he was, he had to support the family. （表语名词提前并常省去冠词）（表语名词提前并常省去冠词） n./adj./adv./v +as +主语谓语主语谓语 Although/Though he may be troubled，he always presents a calm smiling face. 尽管他可能会遇到麻烦尽管他
21、可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑但他总是露出平静的微笑。 Much as/though I have traveled，I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. 虽然我已经去过很多地方虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。 Child as/though he was，he helped me a lot. 尽管他是个孩子尽管他是个孩子，他却帮了我很大的忙他却帮了我很大的忙。 Try as/though he might, he could not open the door. 不管
22、他怎样努力不管他怎样努力，他还是不能打开那个门他还是不能打开那个门。 While I admit that there are problems，I dont agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决但我不同意这些问题不能解决。 while用法的归纳用法的归纳 作并列连词，意为“作并列连词，意为“然而，却然而，却”，表对比”，表对比 He likes football while his brother likes basketball. 2. 引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句 While he w
23、as doing his homework, his mother came in. .引导让步状语从句，表“引导让步状语从句，表“虽然，尽管虽然，尽管”，”，置于句首置于句首 While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. 四、让步状语从句 One can always manage to do more things，however/no matter how full ones schedule is in life. 一个人总是能够设法做更多的事情，无论他生活中的时间安排得一个人总是能够设法做更多的事情，无论他生活中
24、的时间安排得 有多满。有多满。 “疑问词ever”和“no matter疑问词”引导的让步状语从句，意为 “无论”。 04 whether.or.引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论还是”，表示正反两 种情况都不会影响主句的意向或结果。 05 Well go on with the work，whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot. 不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。 五、原因状语从句 He was punished because he cheated in
25、the final exam. 由于在期末考试中作弊，他受到了惩罚。由于在期末考试中作弊，他受到了惩罚。 because译作“因为”，表示直接原因，语气较强，能回答由why提出的问句。 01 原因状语从句可由原因状语从句可由because，as，since，now that，in that， considering (that), seeing that等词引导。等词引导。 as译作“由亍”，语气较轻，常表示显而易见的原因；since (既然)， now that (既然)，in that (因为)，considering (that)表示双方都知道 的原因，语气较弱。as，since和now
26、 that引导的从句多位亍主句之前。 02 As he was very busy，we went to the cinema without him. Now that you have got a job，you should learn to be independent of your parents. 既然你找到了一份工作，你应该学会独立不依靠父母。 六、方式状语从句 We must do as the 19th CPC National Congress tells us (to do) 我们必须按照党的十九大的指示办事。 He jumped as if he had got th
27、e first place. 他跳了起来像得了一等奖一样。 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as，as if，as though等。方式等。方式 状语从句应放在主句之后。其中状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或或as though引导的从句常用引导的从句常用 虚拟语气虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述陈述 语气语气。 七、结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so.that.， such.that.，so/such that.，其结构形式为：，其结构形式为： so形
28、容词形容词/副词副词that从句从句 so形容词形容词a/an可数名词单数可数名词单数that从句从句 somany/much/few/little（少）名词（少）名词that从句从句 sucha/an形容词可数名词单数形容词可数名词单数that从句从句 such形容词可数名词复数形容词可数名词复数/不可数名词不可数名词that从句从句 七、结果状语从句 Its such an important match that we cant miss it. The match is so important that we cant miss it. 这次比赛非常重要，我们不能错过。这次比赛非常重
29、要，我们不能错过。 He is such a learned person that we admire him very much. He is so learned a person that we admire him very much. He is so learned that we admire him very much. 他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。 It is such fine weather that we all want to go hiking. 天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去远足。天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去远足。
30、Yesterday Yang Cheng got up early so that she caught the first bus. 昨天杨成起得很早，因此，她赶上了早班车。昨天杨成起得很早，因此，她赶上了早班车。 八、目的状语从句 in order that和so that引导的目的状语从句 01 两个连词都意为两个连词都意为“以便以便；为了；为了”，它们引导的状语从句中常用，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词情态动词。 He studies very hard so that/in order that he can be admitted into a key university in
31、 the coming year. 他学习非常努力，为了能在来年考上重点大学。他学习非常努力，为了能在来年考上重点大学。 for fear that，in case (that)，so that和lest引导的目的状语从句 02 引导目的状语从句时，引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case (that) / lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。表示“以防出现某种情况”。 Please remind me to watch the TV program Growing tomorrow in case I forget
32、. 请提醒我明天看电视节目成长，以防我忘了。请提醒我明天看电视节目成长，以防我忘了。 九九.比较状语从句比较状语从句 引导词引导词:as.as(和和一样一样), not as/soas(不如不如), than(比比), the same as , the morethe more(越越 越越). 1.He works as hard as others( do). 2. The rode is not as/so long as that one. 3. We treat boys exactly the same as girls. 4. The sun is much bigger tha
33、n the earth. 5. The more you eat, the fatter you will be. 九 种 常 用 的 状 语 从 句 及 其 常 用 的 连 接 词 九 种 常 用 的 状 语 从 句 及 其 常 用 的 连 接 词 时间状语从句时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, till, until, notuntil, the first/second/last time, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instan
34、tly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan where, wherever because, since, as, now (that）, seeing that, considering that if, unless,so/as long as ，on condition that ， if only ，in case ，suppose /supposing that/ assuming that/provided that although, though, even though/if, as, while, no matter which
35、/what/when/where/who/how, whichever, wherever, whatever, whoever, whenever, however, whetheror； 地点状语从句地点状语从句 原因状语从句原因状语从句 条件状语从句条件状语从句 让步状语从句让步状语从句 九 种 常 用 的 状 语 从 句 及 其 常 用 的 连 接 词 九 种 常 用 的 状 语 从 句 及 其 常 用 的 连 接 词 结果状语从句结果状语从句 so that, sothat, suchthat so that, in order that, in case, for fear tha
36、t, lest as, as if/as though than, asas, not so/asas, the same as, the +比较级比较级, the +比较级比较级 目的状语从句目的状语从句 方式状语从句方式状语从句 比较状语从句比较状语从句 九 种 常 用 的 状 语 从 句 九 种 常 用 的 状 语 从 句 时间状语从句时间状语从句 地点状语从句地点状语从句 原因状语从句原因状语从句 条件状语从句条件状语从句 让步状语从句让步状语从句 结果状语从句结果状语从句 目的状语从句目的状语从句 方式状语从句方式状语从句 比较状语从句比较状语从句 状语从句有九种，状语从句有九种，
37、时地原因条状补，时地原因条状补， 目比结果方让步，目比结果方让步， 连词引导各不同；连词引导各不同； 主句通常前面走，主句通常前面走， 连词引导紧随后，连词引导紧随后， 从句若在主前头，从句若在主前头， 主从之间有个逗主从之间有个逗。 . 用适当的连词填空 1_ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. 2If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people
38、 _ you figure it out. 3Located _ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. 4Peter, please send us postcards _ well know where you have visited. No problem. 5In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, _ Vietnam,
39、 food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Although/Though/While until/till where so and . 用适当的连词填空 6Over time, _ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 7All the classmates are friendly and kind, _ you dont need to worry about the difficulty. 8Th
40、ese valuable natural resources will run out before long _ better use is made of them. 9Not _ we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace，can we smile in relief. 10If you do as much as you can to build a network _ you are ready for a job，you will be more likely to succeed. as/when so unless until wh
41、en/before . 用适当的连词填空 11Air pollution is getting more and more serious，so we must take action _ it is too late. 12In addition，forests have been decreasing rapidly _ too many trees have been cut down. 13The explosion rocked the lake with such a force _ dead fish immediately began to surface 14If the g
42、uests are seated at the table，the hosts may serve the food，or it may be passed so _ each person may help himself. 15Well，Im working on a huge assignment and _ I dont do well，that will ruin my reputation as an excellent accountant！ before because/as that that if . 用适当的连词填空 16Jack wasnt saying anythin
43、g，but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever. 17Half an hour later，Lucy still couldnt get a taxi _ the bus had dropped her. 18 _ the numbers of such developments are relatively small，the potential market is large. 19 _ you choose to settle down，you should attempt to fit in wit
44、h the local people. 20Hard _ my brother studied，he wasnt qualified enough for a good university. as if where While/Though/Although Wherever as/though . 单句改错 1Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank 2The games my paren
45、ts taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. 3If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. 4Write to me unless you have any questions about the schedule. 5I was so tired when I fell into sleep directly I went to bed. but/yet and if tha
46、t when 6Luckily，he was the only one who finally got the job，so the manager decided to give the job to whoever he believed was helpful. 7Although history cant be changed，but lessons can be learned to face the future. 8They said this was so a beautiful day that they would remember it forever 9Its good
47、 to arrive early so you can get settled after classes start. 10Because the answer seemed a little strange，nobody but I doubted it. . 单句改错 because 或或butyet such before Although/Though . 翻译句子 1如果你有问题，请告知我。 2迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。 3不久你就会为你的所作所为后悔的。 If you have any questions，please let me know. Mike is such an honest worker
