1、新概念英语第二册Lesson6769语法知识点新概念英语第二册Lesson67语法知识点表示“水平”的情态助动词及其他相关的动词： can/ could, be able to与 manage to(1)在第43课的语法中，我们学习了表示“水平”的 can/could。用将来时的句子中表示“水平”时通常用 will be able to, 在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时用was able to而不用could：I cant remember where Ive seen him.我想不起来我在什么地方见过他。I can sing some songs, but I cant play the
2、piano.我会唱一些歌，但我不会弹钢琴。He thought he could pass the exam easily, but he failed.他以为他能轻易地通过考试，结果他没通过。After Byrd had ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks, the plane was then able to rise.在伯德命令他的助手们扔掉两个沉重的食物袋之后，飞机才能够上升了。Jane cant swim yet. Shell be able to swim in a few months time.简不会游泳。再过几个
3、月她就会游泳了。(2)表示“水平”的另一种方式是用 manage to。在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时，它经常代替 be able to。与 be able to相比，它更强调“虽然困难很大，但仍能”这种含义。试比较：He finished the job yesterday.他昨天把工作做完了。(陈述一个事实)He was able to finish the job yesterday.他昨天把工作做完了。(表示可能)He managed to finish the job yesterday.他昨天设法把工作做完了。(暗示他克服了很多困难才完成)如果把最后这句话改成：He was abl
4、e to watch it after all(他最终看了那场比赛)，那么他就不一定是克服困难才看到比赛，而可能是因为情况有变化等。新概念英语第二册Lesson68语法知识点动名词的一些用法(1)在第20课的语法中，我们学习了动名词的基本形式和作用，在第44课的语法中，我们学习了动名词用于某些短语动词(look forward to, be used to等)之后、一些表示喜好的动词(hate, love, prefer等)之后不定式与动名词的区别以及 need 和want之后动名词的用法等：I like watching TV.我喜欢看电视。(一般行为)Id like to watch TV
5、.我(现在)想看电视。(特定)The strap needs mending.这提包带需要修理。(动名词在这里有被动的含义)(2)有些动词后能够用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。这些动词包括 avoid, admit, deny, fancy, finish, enjoy, mind(在乎，在意)，suggest, stand(容忍)等：I tried to avoid meeting him.我试图避开他。I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.我就怕遇到奈杰尔戴克斯。I havent finished speaking yet.我还没有说完。(3)有些结构通常要接
6、动名词，如 busy, worth, it is no/little use, bored with, interested in, insist on, preventfrom等：Im busy making meat pies.我正忙着做肉馅饼。A Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition is worth rescuing.一架状况尚好的兰开斯特轰炸机值得抢救。He insisted on paying.他坚持要付钱。Im interested in acting.我对表演感兴趣。(4)动名词能够有自己的逻辑主语(即动作执行者，而不是句子的主语)：
7、He insisted on my paying the bill.他坚持要我付账。I dont think the children enjoy your/his/Johns singing.我不认为孩子们喜欢你/他/约翰唱的歌。Please excuse his not writing to you.请原谅他没有给你写信。Do you mind my smoking?我能够抽烟吗?Do you mind opening/my opening the door?你/我能够开门吗?(5)come和go之后能够跟与户外活动相关的动名词(climbing, driving, fishing, ri
8、ding, shopping, walking等)，表示建议、邀请或叙事：Why dont we go swimming?为什么我们不去游泳呢?Come dancing this evening.今晚来跳舞吧。Yesterday we went fishing.昨天我们去钓鱼了。(6)感知动词(hear, see, feel, watch等)后面既能够跟宾语加分词结构，也能够跟宾语加不带to的不定式。现在分词往往强调动作正在发生，用于叙述中时使人身临其境;不定式则能够表 示动作发生了或过程结束了。有时它们之间的区别不大，能够互相替换使用。试比较：I watched him climb/clim
9、bing the tree.我看到他爬树了。(区别不大)新概念英语第二册Lesson69语法知识点被动语态(1)在第10课、第21课、第34课、第45课与第58课的语法中，我们学习了被动语态的基本形式、它与情态助动词的连用、它在动词+宾语+不定式结构中的使用以及它在过去完成时中的使用：Recently it was damaged by a visitor.最近它被一个客人弄坏了。(一般过去时)Passing planes can be heard night and day.过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。(与情态助动词连用)Over a hundred people must have been d
10、riven away from their homes by the noise.有一百多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去。(must与被动语态的完成式连用)The bicycle was being sent to his home by train.人们正用火车给他把自行车送回家。(被动语态用于过去实行时)He never expected the thief to be arrested.他从未指望那小偷能被逮着。(被动语态用于复合宾语中的不定式结构中)The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost
11、.整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。(用于过去完成时)(2)被动语态还能够用于介词+动名词结构中。介词(after, before, on)+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则能够用 after+动名词的完成式表示第1个动作;如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after(或 before)+动名词结构; on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生：After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心
12、。The man called the police after being robbed.那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话。He killed a child before being arrested.他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子。On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England.她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。被动语态用于介词+动名词结构在英语中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口语中。(3)被动语态用于 want后面的不定式中时，to be能够省略：I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon.我希望有人今天下午去把行李从旅馆取回来。want后跟被动语态时往往表示希望别人完成所说的动作。(4)被动语态还可用于过去实行时，以强调动作的持续性：I d like to ask a few questions about your latest film.我想就您最近拍的电影问几个问题。Not again! I was being asked about the film all day yesterday!又来了!昨天一整天都有人问我这电影的事!
