1、义务教育课程标准实验教科书小学数学二年级下册义务教育课程标准实验教科书小学数学二年级下册（第一课时）（第一课时）桂林山水甲天下宾馆名称宾馆名称民俗度假村民俗度假村假日宾馆假日宾馆迎宾山庄迎宾山庄可入住人数200010001500宾馆名称宾馆名称民俗度假村民俗度假村假日宾馆假日宾馆迎宾山庄迎宾山庄可住人数200010001500民俗度假村和假日宾馆一共可住多少人？民俗度假村和假日宾馆一共可住多少人？2000+1000=3000（人）（人）2个千个千+1个千个千=3个千个千还有什么问题？你会解答吗？还有什么问题？你会解答吗？宾馆名称宾馆名称民俗度假村民俗度假村假日宾馆假日宾馆迎宾山庄迎宾山庄可住人
2、数200010001500已住人数9006001000假日宾馆最多还可以住多少人？假日宾馆最多还可以住多少人？1000-600=400（人）（人）10个百个百-6个百个百=4个百个百还有什么问题？你会解答吗？还有什么问题？你会解答吗？做一做800+400=1200-500=3000+6000=9000-5000=70+50=1500+1000=12009000120700400025002005 2005 年年6363题题2006 2006 年年7171题题2007 2007 年年4545题题,50,50题题2008 2008 年年4545题题,49,49题题近几年广东省高考阅读理解主旨大意题
3、近几年广东省高考阅读理解主旨大意题:1).主题型主题型(topic、subject、main idea、general idea)主旨大意题的题干表现形式主旨大意题的题干表现形式:The main idea of the passage isThe passage is mainly aboutWhich of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?What is the passage mainly about?2).目的目的(purpose)类主旨大意题类主旨大意题The passage i
4、s meant to.The purpose of this article is to 3).标题标题(topic 或或 title)类主旨大意题类主旨大意题The best title for the passage might beTypes Of Paragraph StructurestypeThe position of the topicAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentence1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments sh
5、ow that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an u
6、nimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?.2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professi-onal criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is f
7、oolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance 3 If you were planning to buy a television set,the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention:“Color TV.Only 79.Two days sale.Hurry.”However,when you go to the store ready to buy.You may discover that they are sold out.But the s
8、hop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model.A much better set which is“just right for you”It costs 395.This sales method is called“bait and switch”.Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement,and then they are switched to another more expensive one.Buying things on sale needs caref
9、ul consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.The paragraph could be entitled _.A.Buying A TV Set B.A Selling Method C.Buyer Beware D.TV On Sale(detail)(detail)(detail)4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the Uni
10、versity of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,moved to
11、another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetail干扰项具有如下五个特点：干扰项具有如下五个特点：1.以偏概全以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，干扰项只阐述了文章
12、的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。也就是文章的局部信息。2.2.断章取义断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。或细节冒充全文的主要观点。3.3.主题扩大主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。超过文章实际所讨论的内容。4.4.张冠李戴张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于命题者有意地把属于A A的特征放在的特征放在B B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况
13、下，会造成错选答案。会造成错选答案。5.5.无中生有，似是而非无中生有，似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现语好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题?做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外
14、，任何题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。容易抓住文章的中心。在做主题型试题时，可先寻找在做主题型试题时，可先寻找主题句主题句。一般。一般情况下，主题句出现在文章的开头或结尾。情况下，主题句出现在文章的开头或结尾。但有时也可能不会出现主题句，需要读者自但有时也可能不会出现主题句，需要读者自己去概括或归纳。己去概括或归纳。
15、在确定文章的标题在确定文章的标题(title)的时候，我们要以的时候，我们要以文章的中心为依托。文章的中心为依托。但应注意的是，中心大但应注意的是，中心大意不完全等同于标题意不完全等同于标题。文章的中心较为详细。文章的中心较为详细地陈述文章的内容，而文章的标题则通常情地陈述文章的内容，而文章的标题则通常情况下较为简明，而且通常是名词或名词短语。况下较为简明，而且通常是名词或名词短语。Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older,but mens minds decline more than womens,accordin
16、g to the results of a worldwide survey.Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains:Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images(useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills),while women tend to excel(擅长擅长)at recalling information from their brains files(h
17、elpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).Q:The author aims to tell us that _.A.womens minds perform better than mens B.mens minds decline more with age C.everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older D.a survey on humans mind decline was done recently.It see
18、ms that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries.While in China,Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services.Gordon Brown,the UK Prime Minister,has also announced he is planning to make some changes in our heal
19、th service.The crux of Mr.Browns proposals are related to giving the NHS(National Health Service)a greater focus on prevention,rather than just curing patients.He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases.Q:The author of this passage intends to tell us_.A.the NHS should be ref
20、ormed right away.B.more and more people are dying from diseases.C.the plan to reform the NHS in the UK.D.the criticism of Mr.Browns proposals.In the 1930s,a lot of people in the USA were out of work.Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.He always had an interest in word games and to fill h
21、is time he planned a game which he called“Lexico”.However,he was not completely satisfied with the game,so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from“Lexico”to“Alph”and then to“Criss Cross”.He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didnt have any real commercial(商业性的商业性的
22、)success.Q:The text is mainly about_.A.Lexico B.Three men C.A word game D.Alfred Butts.3一一.文首找主题句文首找主题句,提炼文章标题提炼文章标题;新闻报道新闻报道,说明文说明文,议论文议论文二二.文尾找主题句文尾找主题句,提炼标题或归纳大意提炼标题或归纳大意;议论文议论文 总总-分分-总总三三.首尾呼应展现主题句首尾呼应展现主题句,瞻前顾后归纳大意瞻前顾后归纳大意;四四.整合每一段的主题句整合每一段的主题句,归纳大意归纳大意.五五.从段落中归纳要点抓大意从段落中归纳要点抓大意.有些文章或段落无明显的主题句有
23、些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现只是暗示性地体现主题主题.这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实事实或提供的或提供的线索线索来概括总结主旨大意。来概括总结主旨大意。记叙文记叙文 Passage 1 Reading is the key to school success and,like any skill it Takes practice.A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in
24、front of the other.A great athlete practices until he can play quickly,accurately(精确精确),without thinking.Tennis players call that“being”in the zone.”Educators call it“automaticity(自动性自动性).Q:The first paragraph tells us _.A.what automaticity is B.how accuracy is acquired(获得获得)C.how a child learns to
25、walk D.how an athlete is trained.Passage 2 Boston-Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings,including major works by Rembrandt,Dagas,Manet and Vermerr,FBI(美国联邦调查局美国联邦调查局)and the museumofficials said.The first judgment placed value of at least$100 million on the w
26、orks stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum,said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan.William Bobinson,of Hardvard Univercitys Foggel Museum,called the objects stolen“major works.”Q:What is the best headline for this newspaper article?A.A Theft Took Place in Boston B.Artworks stolen by ThievesC.Maj
27、or Works D.Investigation into the Theft Passage 3As prices and building costs keep rising,the“do-it-yourself”(DIY)trend in the U.S.continues to grow.John and Jim are not unusual people.Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living.
28、If you want to become a“do-it-yourself,you can go to DIY classes.And for those who dont have time to take a course,there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.Q:What would be the best title for the text?A.The Joy of DIY B.You can Do it Too!C.Welcome to Our DIY Course!D.Ross and Hatf
29、ield:Believers in DIYPassage 4 You dream each night,even though you may not remember your dreams.While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster.Even your brain-wave pattern changes.Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health.They claim that without dream,peopl
30、e would go crazy.Q:What does the passage mainly tell us?A.How people stay healthy B.How sleep is necessary C.Why dreams are important D.When people remember their dreamsPassage 5 In America we have Halloween.In Mexico they have Todos Santos,which means“All Saints”.This is the day in which people rem
31、ember family and friends who have died.They visit the cemetery instead of going out to trick-or-treat.But they do have pictures of skeletons and ghosts hanging around.They also have many candy skulls to eat.Q:What does the story mainly tell?A.What holidays are like B.What Halloween is like in Mexico
32、C.What happens during Todos Santos D.What we do on Halloween Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines,say UK researchers.Their study found that theobromine,found in cocoa,was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine,which was consi
33、dered the best cough medicine at present.The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment.“While coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的有害的)it can have a major effect on the quality of life,and this discovery c
34、ould be a huge step forward in treating this problem,”said Professor Peter Barnes.Ten healthy volunteers(志愿者志愿者)were given theobromine,codeine or placebo,a pill that contains no medicine,during the experiment.Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill.The researchers the
35、n measured levels of capsaicin,which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.The team found that,when the volunteers were given theobromine,the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group.When they wer
36、e given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动神经活动),which cause coughing.They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments,theobromine caused no
37、side effects such as sleepiness.（2008年全国卷阅读理解年全国卷阅读理解D篇）篇）56.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.Codeine:A New Medicine B.Chocolate May Cure CoughsC.Cough Treatment:A Hard Case D.Theobromine Can Cause Coughs(08(08浙江浙江D)D)Tell a story and tell it well,and you may open wide t
38、he eyes of a child,open up lines of communication in a business,or even open peoples mind to another culture or race.People regard storytelling not only as a useful tool in child education,but also as a meaningful activity that helps adults understand themselves as well as those whose culture may be
39、 very different from their own.We are all storytellers.We all have a story to tell.We tell everybodys story.Question:Whats the main idea of the text?A.Storytelling can influence the way people think.B.Storytelling is vital to the growth of business.C.Storytelling is the best way to educate children in school.D.Storytelling helps people understand themselves and others.
