1、初高中英语衔接教学专题之,英语句子成分分析,1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,句子成分,定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物,Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smokin
2、g is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.,（名词） （代词） （数词）（不定式） （动名词） （名词化的形容词） （句子）,找出句中主语,The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing.What
3、he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名词化的形容词）,（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesnt se
4、em to like dancing,Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said?,（名词 ）,( 代词）,(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）
5、,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me some books.,间接宾语,直接宾语,please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.,（四）表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease.,（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或
6、从句,He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置The
7、 girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?,（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。,I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up s
8、o late that I missed the train.,I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.,I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made hi
9、mself known to them.,（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.,She asked me to lend her a hand.,Exercises:分析句子结构,1）You are a student.2）He felt happy today.3）What you said made me happy.4）Could you give me some
10、 advice on how to learn English well?5）After he finished his homework, he went away.,6）He likes pop music.7）The sound sounds strange.8）The food tastes good.9）He gave me a book yesterday. 10）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.,系动词,1）状态系动词（be动词） 例如： He is a teacher. （is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持
11、续系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。,4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。注意：系动词不用于被动语态.5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。,句子成分,定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,
