1、2024年高考英语复习：阅读理解记叙文解题技巧与练习题汇编一、 命题分析记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事
2、的发生，发展，高潮和结局；（2）若是哲理故事，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是 逸闻趣事，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是
3、高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。二、 解题技巧一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。1. 顺藤摸瓜 记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。2. 左顾右盼 在做题过程中，我们大都不能
4、在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。3. 刨根问底 如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如What can be inferred from ?或是What does the author imply in?之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不
5、是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。4. 拨云见日 每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。这时，你不仅需要左顾右盼，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能
6、在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。三、 实战演练Passage 1 Dad and I loved baseball and hated sleep. One midsummer dawn when I was nine, we drove to the local park with our baseballs, gloves, and Yankees caps.“If you thought night baseball was a thrill, just wait,” Dad told me. “Morning air carries the ball like youve
7、 never seen.”He was right. Our fastballs charged faster and landed more lightly. The echoes of our catches popped as the sun rose over the dewsprinkled fields.The park was all ours for about two hours. Then a young mother pushed her stroller toward us. When she neared, Dad politely leaned over the s
8、troller, waved, and gave the baby his best smile.The mother stared at him for a second, and then rushed away.Dad covered his mouth with his hand and walked to the car. “Lets go, bud,” he said. “Im not feeling well.”A month earlier, Bells palsy(贝尔氏神经麻痹) had struck Dad, paralyzing the right side of hi
9、s face. It left him slurring words and with a droopy eyelid. He could hardly drink from a cup without spilling onto his shirt. And his smile, which once eased the pain of playground cuts and burst forth at the mention of Mick Jagger, Woody Allen, or his very own Yankees, was gone.As I slumped in the
10、 car, I began suspecting that our sunrise park visit wasnt about watching daylight lift around us. This was his effort to avoid stares.It was a solemn drive home.After that day, Dad spent more time indoors. He left the shopping, driving, and Little League games to Mom. A freelance editor, he turned
11、our dining room into his office and buried himself in manuscripts. He no longer wanted to play catch.At physical therapy, Dad obeyed the doctor: “Now smile as wide as you can. Now lift your right cheek with your hand. Now try to whistle.”Only the sound of blowing air came out. My earliest memories w
12、ere of Dad whistling to Frank Sinatra or Bobby McFerrin. He always whistled. He had taught me to whistle too.Of the roughly 40,000 Americans suffering Bells palsy every year, most recover in several weeks. Other cases take a few months to heal. But after nine weeks of therapy, the doctor confessed s
13、he couldnt help Dad.“Ive never seen anything like this,” she told him after his final session. Then she handed him the bill.Dad coped through humor. He occasionally grabbed erasable markers and drew an evensided wide smile across his face. Other times, he practiced his Elvis impersonation, joking th
14、at his curled lips allowed him to perfect his performance of “Hound Dog”.By the time I entered fourth grade that September, Dad could blink his right eye and speak clearly again. But his smile still hadnt returned. So I made a secret vow: I would abstain_from smiles of any kind.Nothing about fourth
15、grade made this easy. Classmates were both old enough to laugh about pop culture and young enough to appreciate fart jokes. Kids called me Frowny the Dwarf. (I was three foot ten.) Teachers accompanied me into hallways, asking what was wrong. Breaking_the_promise_I_had_made_myself_was_tempting,_but
16、I couldnt let Dad not smile alone.When I asked my PE coach, “Whats so great about smiling?” he made me do pushups while the rest of the class played Wiffle ball. Then he called Dad.I never learned what they discussed. But when I got off the school bus that afternoon, I saw Dad waiting for me, holdin
17、g our gloves and ball. For the first time in months, we got in the family car and went to the park for a catch.“Its been too long,” he said.Roughly a halfdozen fathers and sons lined the field with gloved arms in the air. Dad couldnt smile, but he beamed, and so did I. Sundown came quickly. The fiel
18、ds white lights glowed, and everyone else left. But Dad and I threw everything from curve balls to folly floaters into the night. We had catching up to do.1. Why did Father choose to play baseballs one summer dawn?A. They could perform better in the morning.B. He tried to escape others attention to
19、his face.C. Morning air was more suitable for playing baseball.D. The park was empty and they could enjoy themselves.2. The underlined phrase “abstain from” in Paragraph 16 is closest in meaning to “_”.A. seek for B. recover from C. give up D. break into3. What can we infer from the underlined sente
20、nce in Paragraph 17?A. The boy lost his ability to smile.B. The boy must have suffered many wrongs.C. The boy couldnt appreciate pop culture.D. The boy tried his best to make Father smile.4. Why did the father accompany his son to the park for a catch that night?A. He had made a complete recovery.B.
21、 He thought night baseball was a thrill.C. He intended his son to return to normal.D. He was instructed by the PE coach to do so.5. Which of the following can best describe the authors father?A. Selfless and lucky. B. Generous and determined.C. Sensitive and stubborn. D. Responsible and humorous.6.
22、What is the best title for the passage?A. Losing My Fathers Smile B. Making a Hidden SecretC. Playing Baseball in the Morning D. Recovering From a Face IllnessPassage 2Michael Herr, who has died aged 76, was the author of Dispatches(1977), the best book about the Vietnam war. Herr also made vital co
23、ntributions to two of the best films on the war, Apocalypse Now and Full Metal Jacket.It took Herr eight years to write Dispatches, in part because he went home from Saigon with a bad case of stress disorder. He had gone to Vietnam as a correspondent for Esquire magazine. An American general asked h
24、im whether he was there to write about military fashion, and another whether he was there to write humour. No, he told them. He wrote little for Esquire, but took advantage of the US governments decision to allow correspondents extraordinary access to go to war with the soldiers. He shared their dis
25、comforts and their fears, witnessed their death and recorded their language.His own language, a stream of consciousness pulsing with energy, but masterfully controlled, captured the fear and the horror, but also the excitement, of the war in the jungle and paddy fields. “So much beauty”, he recalled
26、, “and so much pleasure”. He recorded with a connoisseurs expertise (行家专长) such details as the many ways in which soldiers would wish each other good luck, and the degrees of madness that were considered acceptable.He identified with the young soldiers and learned in the first few days that you coul
27、d not affect neutrality(中立). “If_you_are_neutral，you_dont_get_it,” said he. He generally did not carry a weapon, though on occasion he did fire at Vietnamese in emergencies. The young soldiers, he said, “are my guns”.The power of the book, perhaps, comes from Herrs insistence on describing the war,
28、or more precisely his own responses to it, rather than protesting(抗议) against it. It also comes from the ceaseless accompaniment of two elements, drugs and musicmore particularly rock music, and especially the music of Jimi Hendrix. Herr himself spent drugfuelled weekends in a flat in Saigon, starin
29、g at an ancient French map of Indochina, and he never caught a helicopter without a Hendrix record.He met soldiers with a left pocket full of Dexedrine, the “upper” officially administered by the army to get them into battle, and a right pocket full of “downers” to get them through it. Dispatches di
30、d not come out until 1977, when the country was beginning to have its mind on other problems, but it did more, perhaps, than any other book to freeze an image of despair and a sense of waste about the war, rather as the trench poets of 19141918 did in Britain.Herr also made vital contributions to tw
31、o of the most influential Vietnam films. He wrote Martin Sheens voiceover for Francis Ford Coppolas Apocalypse Now and later wrote the screenplay for Stanley Kubricks Full Metal Jacket. His work, in the book and the two films, has been seen as part of the process whereby the US came to see itself an
32、d its history no longer merely through traditional literature, but in sounds and images, in ways that prefigured(预示) the Internet.In 1980 Herr moved to London, where he stayed until he moved back to the US in 1991. It was there that he met Stanley Kubrick, who became a close friend, though Herr warn
33、ed against doing business with him. Herr wrote Kubricks biography, but he wrote surprisingly little else after Dispatches.1. Why did Michael Herr go to Vietnam during the war years? A. To join the soldiers in military actions. B. To report military actions and advances.C. To give an authentic accoun
34、t of the war. D. To write about military fashion and humour.2. What can we infer from Michael Herrs statement underlined in Paragraph 4?A. It was impossible to remain neutral during the war. B. It was unnecessary to show pity for the war victims.C. Neutrality is a means to keep you safe during the w
35、ar.D. Neutrality can help the civilians free from sufferings. 3. Which of the following about Dispatches is TRUE?A. It fully describes Herrs protest against the war.B. Its language is casually selected and organized.C. Music and drugs give the author inspiration.D. It truly reflects Herrs responses
36、to the war.4. US soldiers brought drugs with them during the war most probably because _A. they were addicted to drugs B. they suffered stress disorderC. they used them to cure the wounds D. they exchanged them for music records5. Which of the following can best describe Herrs attitude towards the w
37、ar?A. Supportive. B. Uninterested. C. Disapproving. D. Neutral.6. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A. Herrs work offered Americans more ways to know themselves. B. Herr stopped writing after the book Dispatches was published.C. Herr rejected his friends request to write a biography for
38、 him.D. Herrs work played a positive role in the birth of the Internet.Passage 3Nelle Harper Lee, better known by her pen name Harper Lee, was an American novelist widely known for To Kill a Mockingbird, published in 1960. Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a class
39、ic of modern American literature. In 1991 an organization conducted a survey that made readers identify books that had “made a difference” in their lives. The result? Lees book trailed only The Bible. Alongside the works of Shakespeare and Twain, this novel remains one of the most widely taught book
40、s nationwide, reaching about 70% of American public schools. What makes it such a typical read for young people?English class is a place where young Americans come to know themselves. In the folds of dusty books, students can make contact with humanity beyond the shallow small talk of the school hal
41、lways. Disturbed by hormones and anxiety, teenagers get through school with confusion and frustration. Literature is a safety valve(安全阀)it promises relief, a place to figure out ones problems and get to know oneself better.The novel particularly distinguishes itself in this aspect. It speaks in a ch
42、ilds voice without treating its readership as children. Some critics have called it an “impossible” achievement, a childrens book penned by a welleducated adultits unlikely that a child like Scout could exist in the real world. But thats exactly what makes it such a charming, attractive read for you
43、ng people. It indicates the consciousness of a welleducated adult facing difficult realities, but describes it through the light and playful voice of a curious little girl.Gaby Hick, a thirdyear student focused on English literature at Brown University, calls it “one of the first books that kids and
44、 young adults read that deals with serious issuesrape, race, mental issues”. She adds, “The story makes these adult themes accessible because of Scout.” The books setting, a small town in Alabama affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s, may appear very different from the experience of most kid
45、s reading it today. But Lees words make her story feel alive and present.In 2006, however, critic Thomas Mallon expressed his regret about the books avoiding moral complexity in The New Yorker. But her novel makes a great teaching tool for teenagers precisely because its moral view is as clear as th
46、at of one of Aesops Fables. That absence of ambiguity in this novel doesnt mean the novel is free of challenging ideas, either. Will Serratelli, another literature student at Brown says, “There arent many hard moral questions being asked . but it opens up all these other questions that I hadnt thoug
47、ht about before. My English teachers always asked, Do you sympathize with this character? Would you want to hang out with them? When you give a kid a book where those questions dont even need to be asked, it_forces_them_to_dig_deeper.”Mallons criticism is accurate in that this novel may present too
48、limited a view of racism in America. Thats especially problematic because it is one of the only books consistently assigned to American students that acknowledges racial discrimination at all. However, To Kill a Mockingbird may owe some of its popularity as a teaching text to the fact that the narrative voice is a white one. Naomi Vamis, an African Studies student at Brown says, “Its another practice of telling stories about black people through white central characters,” she says.While the novel is undoubtedly worth its place in the classroom, English teacher
