1、牛津译林版（2020）高中英语选择性必修第三册Unit4 Protecting Our Heritage Sites单词讲义heritage词性：名词中文意思：遗产，传统英文释义：something that is passed down from an ancestor or a previous generation, especially to the present and future generations词源：来自古法语heritage，意为“继承”例句：The ancient ruins are a part of our cultural heritage.固定搭配：cult
2、ural heritage（文化遗产）近义词：legacy, traditionawe词性：名词/动词中文意思：敬畏，惊叹英文释义：a feeling of respect mixed with fear or wonder词源：来自古英语awiian，意为“使害怕”例句：The beauty of the sunset filled us with awe.固定搭配：in awe of（敬畏，钦佩）近义词：admiration, reverencecivilization词性：名词中文意思：文明，文化英文释义：the state of being civilized, especially
3、in terms of social organization and material progress词源：来自拉丁语civilisatio，意为“城市化，文明化”例句：The ancient Egyptians were known for their advanced civilization.固定搭配：ancient civilization（古代文明）近义词：culture, societypreserve词性：动词中文意思：保护，保存英文释义：to protect something from harm or danger, or to keep it in its origin
4、al state词源：来自古法语preserver，意为“保护”例句：We must take measures to preserve the environment.固定搭配：preserve ones health（保持健康）近义词：protect, conserveurgent词性：形容词中文意思：紧急的，迫切的英文释义：needing immediate attention or action; pressing or important词源：来自拉丁语urgentem，意为“催促的”例句：It is urgent that we finish this project by tom
5、orrow.固定搭配：urgent matter（紧急事项）近义词：pressing, criticalpyramid词性：名词中文意思：金字塔英文释义：a structure with a square or triangular base and sloping sides, that tapers to a point at the top词源：来自古希腊语的 (pyramis)，意为“粮食”。因为古埃及人相信死后的灵魂需要食物，所以他们在墓穴中放置了大量的粮食。后来，这种形状逐渐演变成了金字塔。例句：The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the Sev
6、en Wonders of the World.固定搭配：pyramid scheme（传销）近义词：tomb, mausoleumruin词性：名词/动词中文意思：废墟；毁灭；使破产英文释义：a destroyed or decayed building; to cause something to be destroyed or lost词源：来自古英语的rian，意为“破碎，倒塌”。例句：The earthquake left the city in ruins.固定搭配：ruin someones life（毁掉某人的生活）近义词：demolish, destroy, devastat
7、eincredible词性：形容词中文意思：难以置信的；极好的英文释义：too good to be true; difficult to believe词源：来自拉丁语的incredibilis，意为“不可信的”。例句：Its an incredible achievement!固定搭配：incredible speed（极快的速度）近义词：unbelievable, amazing, astonishingsculpture词性：名词中文意思：雕塑；雕刻品英文释义：an object made by carving wood, stone, etc. into a particular s
8、hape or design词源：来自拉丁语的scultura，意为“雕刻”。例句：The sculpture was created by a famous artist.固定搭配：sculpture park（雕塑公园）近义词：carving, statue, artworkmissile词性：名词中文意思：导弹；投射物英文释义：a weapon that is powered by explosives and guided towards its target by electronic devices词源：来自拉丁语的missilis，意为“投掷的”。例句：The enemy lau
9、nched a missile attack on our city.固定搭配：missile defense system（导弹防御系统）近义词：projectile, rocketviolence词性：名词中文意思：暴力，暴行英文释义：the use of physical force to hurt or damage someone or something词源：来自拉丁语violentia，意为“猛烈的，激烈的”例句：The government is trying to reduce violence in the city.固定搭配：commit violence, use vi
10、olence, act of violence近义词：aggression, brutality, forceconflict词性：名词中文意思：冲突，矛盾英文释义：a disagreement or argument between people or groups that often leads to fighting or a battle词源：来自拉丁语conflitus，意为“战斗，斗争”例句：There is a conflict between the two countries over the border issue.固定搭配：internal conflict, ext
11、ernal conflict, armed conflict近义词：fight, battle, disputecivil词性：形容词中文意思：公民的，民间的，文职的英文释义：related to citizens or their rights and duties, not military; involving ordinary people rather than experts or officials词源：来自拉丁语civilis，意为“市民的，公民的”例句：The civil rights movement fought for equal treatment for all c
12、itizens.固定搭配：civil rights, civil liberties, civil service近义词：public, civilian, non-militarystatus词性：名词中文意思：地位，身份，状况英文释义：the social position that someone has in society or a group, based on their wealth, education, etc.; the state or condition of something or someone词源：来自拉丁语status，意为“地位，身份”例句：Her sta
13、tus as a doctor gives her a lot of respect in the community.固定搭配：social status, economic status, employment status近义词：position, rank, conditioninternal词性：形容词中文意思：内部的，内心的，国内的英文释义：inside something or someone; relating to the inside part of something; happening within a country or organization词源：来自拉丁语i
14、nternus，意为“内部的”例句：The company is facing internal problems that need to be resolved.outcome词性：名词中文意思：结果，成果英文释义：the result or consequence of an event, action, or process词源：来自中古英语 outcome，由 out（出）和 come（来）组成，意为“出来的东西”或“发生的结果”。例句：The outcome of the experiment was unexpected.固定搭配：predict/foresee the outc
15、ome预测结果近义词：result, consequence, effectcoral词性：名词中文意思：珊瑚英文释义：a hard, stony substance formed by the accumulation of the skeletons of many small sea animals in warm seas词源：来自拉丁语 corallium，意为“珊瑚”。例句：The reef is made up of beautiful coral.固定搭配：coral reef珊瑚礁近义词：sea fan, sea anemoneecology词性：名词中文意思：生态学英文释义
16、：the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment词源：来自希腊语 oikologia，由 oikos（家）和 logos（学科）组成，意为“家庭管理”或“家务事”，后来引申为研究生物与环境关系的学科。例句：Ecology is a fascinating subject.固定搭配：ecological balance生态平衡近义词：environmental science, environmental studiesagenda词性：名词中文意思：议程，日程安排英文释义：a list
17、of items to be discussed or dealt with at a meeting or conference词源：来自拉丁语 agenda，意为“代办事项清单”。例句：The agenda for the meeting is already set.固定搭配：on the agenda在议程上，待讨论的近义词：program, schedule, timetablenail词性：名词、动词中文意思：（名词）钉子；（动词）钉住，固定英文释义：（noun）a thin pointed piece of metal used for fastening things toge
18、ther；（verb）to fix something firmly in place with a nail or nails词源：来自古英语 nagl，意为“钉子”。例句：He hammered a nail into the wall.（他往墙上钉了一颗钉子。）specialist词性：名词中文意思：专家，专科医生英文释义：a person who has a high level of skill or knowledge in a particular area词源：来自拉丁语specialis，意为“特别的”例句：The doctor is a specialist in hear
19、t surgery.固定搭配：medical specialist, specialist training, specialist knowledge近义词：expert, authority, connoisseurassess词性：动词中文意思：评估，评价英文释义：to determine the amount or value of something词源：来自古法语assaisir，意为“攻击”例句：Its difficult to assess the impact of the new policy.固定搭配：assess risk, assess damage, assess
20、performance近义词：evaluate, appraise, estimatecollapse词性：动词/名词中文意思：崩溃，倒塌，失败英文释义：to fall down suddenly or break into pieces; to fail completely词源：来自拉丁语collapsus，意为“倒塌”例句：The bridge collapsed under the weight of the truck.固定搭配：economic collapse, political collapse, mental collapse近义词：failure, breakdown,
21、crumbleconsultation词性：名词中文意思：咨询，磋商，会诊英文释义：the act of giving advice or information about a problem or situation词源：来自拉丁语consultatio，意为“商议”例句：I had a consultation with my doctor about my health concerns.固定搭配：consultation fee, consultation room, medical consultation近义词：counseling, advice, meetingsuspend
22、词性：动词中文意思：暂停，中止，悬挂英文释义：to stop something from happening for a period of time; to hang something from above its center of gravity词源：来自拉丁语suspendere，意为“悬挂”例句：The company decided to suspend production until the issue was resolved.固定搭配：suspend license, suspend sentence, suspend animation近义词：halt, delay,
23、 discontinuedivision词性：名词中文意思：分割，划分，部门，除法英文释义：the act or process of dividing something into parts; a part or branch of an organization词源：来自拉丁语divisio，意为“分开”例句：The company has several divisions.（这家公司有几个部门。）固定搭配：division of labor（分工），division by zero（零除以零）近义词：section, department, fractiondam词性：名词中文意思：
24、水坝，障碍物英文释义：a barrier that stops the flow of water and creates an artificial lake词源：来自古英语dm，意为“阻止”例句：The dam broke and flooded the valley.（水坝破裂了，淹没了山谷。）固定搭配：hydroelectric dam（水力发电站），earthquake-proof dam（抗震堤坝）近义词：barrier, obstruction, blockagearchitect词性：名词中文意思：建筑师，设计师，缔造者英文释义：a person who designs bui
25、ldings or other structures词源：来自拉丁语architectus，意为“主要设计者”例句：The architect designed a new shopping mall.（建筑师设计了一个新的购物中心。）固定搭配：chief architect（首席建筑师），architectural design（建筑设计）近义词：designer, builder, creatoroperator词性：名词/动词中文意思：操作员，经营者，接线员英文释义：a person who operates a machine or system；a person who runs a
26、 business or organization词源：来自拉丁语operator，意为“操作者”例句：The operator answered the phone.（接线员接了电话。）固定搭配：telephone operator（电话接线员），air traffic operator（空中交通管制员）近义词：administrator, manager, technicianincident词性：名词中文意思：事件，事故，插曲英文释义：an event, especially one causing public attention or disturbance词源：来自拉丁语incid
27、entia，意为“发生的事”例句：There was a serious incident at the factory yesterday.（昨天工厂发生了一起严重事故。）固定搭配：minor incident（小事件），major incident（重大事件），traffic incident（交通事故）cooperation (n.)中文意思：合作，协作英文释义：the act of working together to achieve a common goal词源：来自拉丁语 cooperari，意为“一起工作”例句：We need cooperation from all dep
28、artments to complete this project.固定搭配：in cooperation with 与.合作近义词：collaboration, teamwork, partnershipforecast (v./n.)中文意思：预测，预报英文释义：to predict or estimate something that will happen in the future; a prediction or estimate of something that will happen in the future词源：来自拉丁语 fore-（前）+ castrare（安排），意
29、为“提前安排”例句：The weather forecast says it will rain tomorrow.固定搭配：weather forecast 天气预报近义词：predict, anticipate, foreseeinterrupt (v.)中文意思：打断，中断英文释义：to stop someone speaking or doing something by suddenly speaking to them or doing something else yourself词源：来自拉丁语 interrumpir，意为“打断，中断”例句：Im sorry to inter
30、rupt, but I have an urgent matter to discuss.固定搭配：interrupt someone/something 打断某人/某事近义词：disrupt, halt, pauseconservation (n.)中文意思：保护，保存英文释义：the protection and preservation of natural resources or cultural heritage词源：来自拉丁语 conservare，意为“保存，保护”例句：Conservation efforts are essential for the survival of
31、 endangered species.固定搭配：conservation of energy 能量守恒；conservation of water 水资源保护近义词：preservation, protection, maintenancemotion (n.)中文意思：运动，动作英文释义：a movement or action of the body or mind; a proposal put forward for discussion at a meeting词源：来自古法语 mouvement，意为“运动，移动”例句：The motion of the car was very
32、 smooth.固定搭配：put forward a motion 提出动议；motion picture 电影；motion sickness 晕车、晕船等运动病近义词：movement, activity, actionmigration (n.)中文意思：迁移，迁徙英文释义：the regular movement of animals or people from one place to another, typically to find food or better living conditions词源：来自拉丁语 migrare，意为“迁移，移居”例句：The birds m
33、igration is triggered by changes in temperature and daylight hours.固定搭配：bird migration 鸟类迁徙；seasonal migration 季节性迁徙；human migration 人类迁徙近义词：movement, transfer, relocationlegacy词性：名词中文意思：遗产，遗赠英文释义：something that is passed down from an ancestor or a predecessor词源：来自拉丁语legatus，意为“委托”或“代表”例句：He left a
34、large legacy to his children.固定搭配：legacy of.（的遗产）近义词：inheritance, bequestsplendour词性：名词中文意思：光辉，壮丽英文释义：the state or quality of being splendid; magnificence词源：来自拉丁语splendor，意为“光彩，辉煌”例句：The splendour of the sunset filled the sky.固定搭配：splendour of.（的光辉）近义词：brilliance, magnificencereserve词性：动词/名词中文意思：保留，
35、预订；储备，储量英文释义：verb: keep for future use; noun: a supply kept for future use词源：来自法语reserver，意为“保留”例句：I have reserved a table for two at the restaurant.固定搭配：reserve the right to do something（保留做某事的权利）；reserve capacity（储备能力）近义词：keep, hold, storebasin词性：名词中文意思：盆地，流域；盆，碗英文释义：a low area of land surrounded
36、by higher land; a container with a flat bottom and sides for holding liquids词源：来自古法语bason，意为“盆，碗”例句：The Amazon Basin is one of the largest river basins in the world.固定搭配：basin of attraction（吸引盆）；basin of circulation（循环盆地）近义词：valley, depression, bowlintense词性：形容词中文意思：强烈的，激烈的；热情的，热烈的英文释义：having great
37、force or strength; very strong or severe; having or showing a strong feeling or emotion词源：来自拉丁语intentus，意为“紧张的，用力的”例句：The sun was shining intensely on the beach.固定搭配：intense heat（酷热）；intense pain（剧痛）；intense concentration（高度集中）近义词：strong, severe, passionateprimitive词性：形容词中文意思：原始的，简单的，粗糙的英文释义：relatin
38、g to the earliest stage of human society or development; not advanced or complex词源：来自拉丁语 primitivus，意为“最初的”例句：The cave paintings are a primitive form of art.固定搭配：primitive technology（原始技术），primitive society（原始社会）近义词：rudimentary, elementary, simplehumble词性：形容词中文意思：谦逊的，卑微的，简陋的英文释义：not proud or arrogan
39、t; modest and unpretentious词源：来自古英语 hmbl，意为“谦虚的”例句：He is a humble man who never brags about his achievements.固定搭配：humble origins（卑微出身），humble apology（谦恭道歉）近义词：modest, meek, unassumingcorridor词性：名词中文意思：走廊，通道英文释义：a long passage with rooms or offices on one or both sides词源：来自拉丁语 corridorium，意为“走廊”例句：Sh
40、e walked down the corridor to her office.固定搭配：corridor conversation（走廊谈话），corridor meeting（走廊会议）近义词：passage, hallway, aislepursue词性：动词中文意思：追求，追寻，追赶英文释义：to follow in order to catch or overtake someone or something词源：来自古法语 pursuivrer，意为“追赶”例句：He decided to pursue a career in medicine.固定搭配：pursue happi
41、ness（追求幸福），pursue justice（追求正义）近义词：chase, hunt, followsubmit词性：动词中文意思：提交，屈服，顺从英文释义：to allow someone else to have control over you; to give in or agree with them; to hand in (something) for consideration or judgment词源：来自拉丁语 submitti，意为“屈服”例句：She submitted her application for the job.emerge词性：动词中文意思：出
42、现，显露英文释义：to come out of something, such as water or a state of hiding词源：来自拉丁语emergere，意为“浮出水面”例句：The sun emerged from behind the clouds.固定搭配：emerge from, emerge into, emerge victorious近义词：appear, come out, surfaceassign词性：动词中文意思：分配，指派英文释义：to give someone a job or task to do词源：来自古法语assigner，意为“指定，给予”
43、例句：The teacher assigned homework to the students.固定搭配：assign to, assign responsibility, assign tasks近义词：allot, allotment, distributeexpansion词性：名词中文意思：扩张，扩展英文释义：the act of making something larger or more extensive词源：来自拉丁语expansio，意为“展开，扩张”例句：The company is planning for further expansion.固定搭配：economi
44、c expansion, expansion project, expansion plans近义词：enlargement, extension, growthinitiative词性：名词/形容词中文意思：主动性，倡议，首创精神英文释义：a plan or idea that you suggest and want others to support or agree with; being willing to take action and make decisions without waiting for others to tell you what to do词源：来自拉丁语
45、initiativa，意为“开始，创始”例句：She took the initiative to organize the event. (名词)He is an initiative person who always comes up with new ideas. (形容词)固定搭配：take the initiative, initiate an action, proactive initiatives近义词：proactivity, creativity, leadershipshowcase词性：动词/名词中文意思：展示，陈列；展示柜，展台英文释义：to display som
46、ething in a public place so that people can see it; a display case or stand used for showing off goods or products词源：来自中古英语showcase，意为“用来展示的箱子或柜子”例句：The museum showcases a variety of artifacts from different cultures. (动词)The jewelry store has a beautiful showcase of diamond rings. (名词)固定搭配：put on a showcase, showcase products, art showcase近义词：display, exhibit, presentban词性：动词/名词中文意思：禁止，禁令；禁止令，禁令英文释义：to officially say that something is not allowed; an official order that says that something is not allowed词源：来自古英语bannan，意为“禁止，阻止”
