1、高考英语阅读完形熟词生义一、address【熟义】n.地址，住址，（互联网等的）地址；演说；演讲【生义】 v.称呼；发表演说；提出；写地址；处理；向.说话词根记忆：词根: dress1.表示整理,装饰; 2.=direct,表示直接的,指引n.address 地址ad向+dress直接的,指引地址dress 服装,童装,女装dress整理,装饰n.服装,童装,女装 v.穿衣,打扮dressing 穿衣, 装饰dress穿衣,打扮+ing状态,物品n.穿衣, 装饰n.&v.address 致辞;演说ad向+dress直接的,指引地址v.address 写地址ad向+dress直接的,指引地址dr
2、ess 穿衣,打扮dress整理,装饰n.服装,童装,女装 v.穿衣,打扮1 The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society addressed the opening ceremony.（2022.全国乙卷）中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。2 The government is taking steps to address the issue of climate change.政府正在采取措施解决气候变化问题。3 The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seek
3、s to address the needs of the homeless population in the United States.无家可归者联盟是一个组织，旨在解决美国无家可归人口的需求。4 The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name.(2014.浙江卷）瑞士人通常比较正式，习惯以姓氏来称呼彼此。5 tonights televised presidential address今晚总统的电视演讲6 In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken
4、 Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue 在一封致函司法部长肯克拉克的信中，40名考古学家表达了他们对该问题的“深深和广泛的担忧”。二、admit【熟义】vt.承认【生义】vt.准许进入；接纳；容纳；容许词根: mit=send/cast,表时送,放出,派,错过adj.intermittent 间歇的,断断续续的intermitv.中断+t+ent的adj.间歇的,断断续续的mittee 委员会,全体委员commit委托,委任+ee人committee委员会pe
5、rmit 许可证,执照per始终+mit送,放出,派,错过始终放出许可v.admit 承认,供认;准许进入,准许加入ad+mit送送来许可进入commit 把交托给,委托,委任;提交;犯错误,干坏事com共同+mit送,放出,派,错过共同送委托emit 发出;放射;吐露;散发;发表;发行e出+mit送,放出,派,错过送出气味等intermit 中断inter在中间+mit送,放出,派,错过在中间送东西打断,间断submit to使服从,屈服;to呈送,提交sub在下面+mit送,放出,派,错过放下面屈服omit 省略,删去;遗漏,忽略o出+mit送出省略permit 许可,允许per始终+mi
6、t送,放出,派,错过始终放出许可remit 免除,宽恕,汇款re再次+mit送,放出,派,错过再次放出,送钱宽恕,汇款1 They honestly admit, however, that they hardly know a thing when it comes to understanding how a piece of music is made.（2007.全国II卷）然而，他们坦诚地承认，当涉及到理解一段音乐是如何创作出来的，他们几乎一无所知。2 When StAugustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlig
7、hted one of time s most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context （2021.北京卷）当圣奥古斯丁承认他无法定义时间时，他突出了时间最显著的一种特性：时间只在明确定义的上下文中才有意义。3 It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892.（2012.湖北卷）它非常受欢迎，以至于在1892年圣安德鲁斯大学允许女性成
8、为全日制学生后，它依然长期存在。三、against【熟义】prep.反对；逆着；倚靠着【生义】 prep.衬托；以.为背景；以防；和.相比1 For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.（2020.北京卷）例如，研究人员发现，在伴随强烈情
9、绪的危机情况下，如自然灾害，积极思考可以提供一种抵御抑郁和焦虑的缓冲。2 As in many university classes,term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.（2013.广东卷）就像许多大学课程一样，学期论文会被对照一些大型互联网数据库进行扫描，以检查是否存在作弊行为。3 However,this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greate
10、st duty of care. 然而，这必须与我们对所有城市孩子负有的最大照顾责任的利益进行权衡。四、air【熟义】n.空气；天空【生义】v.发表（意见等）；使通风，使通气 n.感觉；印象；神态词根: air1.=air,表示空气,充气等; 2.航空n.air 空气, 天空air空气,充气n.空气, 天空 v.使通风aircraft 航行器air航空+craft工艺, 手艺n.航行器airmail 航空邮件air航空+mail邮件n.航空邮件airplane 飞机air航空+plane飞机n.飞机airport 机场, 飞机降落场air航空+port港口,舱门n.机场, 飞机降落场v.air
11、 使通风air空气,充气n.空气, 天空 v.使通风1 The issues were openly aired and discussed by the group.这些问题被公开提出并在小组进行了讨论。2The rooms had all been cleaned and aired.所有的房间都已打扫干净并且通了风。3There was an air of complete confidence about her.她显得信心十足。4 Our travel plans are still up in the air.我们的旅行计划尚未决定。五、allow【熟义】vt.允许；准许【生义】v
12、i.容许（+of); 考虑到，顾及（for) vt.预留，留出；使.成为可能1 Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones,so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students.（2012.北京卷）Basic Math从相对容易的概念开始，逐渐过渡到更困难的部分，以便让学生稳步且确实地理解这些内容。2 Hod Lipson,a p
13、rofessor at Columbia University,said,“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content,like vitamins.(2018.天津卷）哥伦比亚大学的教授霍德利普森说，“食品打印可能使消费者打印出含有定制营养成分的食物成为可能，比如维生素。”3 Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted
14、to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.（2023.全国甲卷）他们的恢复已经非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物服务部已经两次尝试将灰熊从保护名单中移除，这将会放松法律保护并允许人们狩猎它们。4 Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Buria
15、l Act 1857 applied to more recent remains(2011.上海卷）在2008年之前，相关指导原则允许对足够古老且具有历史兴趣的骨骼进行适当的保存和研究，而1857年的埋葬法则适用于较近期的遗骸。5 Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu,allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.（2020全国乙卷）餐厅可以在菜单的
16、各种食物选择中提供音乐选择，让顾客更能掌控他们就餐的气氛。6 Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.除了Nanxiang外，最好的小笼包有着细薄的皮，可以在不撕破或溢出任何内馅的情况下从蒸笼中提起。六、attend【熟义】vt.出席，参加【生义】 vi.照应，照料；处理，料理（+to）1 What should yo
17、u do if you want to attend the taster session of Jodies fitness classes? （2021.新高考II卷）如果你想参加Jodie的健身课试听课程，你应该怎么做？2 Please excuse me.I must attend to some business. 请原谅，我必须处理一些事情。3 The hotel staff attended to my every need. 宾馆员工对我照顾得无微不至。七、charge【熟义】n.费用;冲锋 vt.收费，索价；指控【生义】vt.充电；装（满）；攻击；猛冲A.动词1 They a
18、lways charge a lot for the service.(2011.安徽卷）他们总是对这项服务收费很高。2 Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay,in effect,by handing over yet more data).（2017.江苏卷）这些服务远非向消费者收取高昂的价格，实际上许多服务是免费的（用户实际上是通过交出更多的数据来支付的）。3 The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his ch
19、est and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged. 当雄性猩猩拍打胸膛并向我冲过来时，噪声震动了树木。我迅速低下身子，避开直视他的眼睛，以免让他感到被挑衅。4 Before use, the battery must be charged. 电池使用前必须充电。B.名词1 Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as
20、 a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.（2022.全国乙卷）根据财政部的数据，由于制造商努力避免这项费用，现在的饮料中糖的含量已经减少了4500万公斤。2 Theres an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.Its what this place offers, and its free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow
21、everything down.（ 2014.湖北卷）这里似乎有一种明显的懒散气息环绕着你。这就是这个地方所提供的，而且是免费的。拍打海岸线的小浪似乎让一切都放慢了节奏。3 Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.（2013.全国甲卷）虽然DIY传统上被视为男性的爱好，但研究表明现在是女性在引领这个潮流。八、coin【熟义】n.硬币【生义】vt.造币，铸币；创造，杜撰（新单词或短语）1 The term cardboar
22、d city was coined to describe communities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes.人们创造了 cardboard city 一词，用来指居住在纸板棚里的无家可归者所聚集的地区。2 As a 5-year-old boy, I couldnt take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt.He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter our of his coin c
23、hanger. （2011.全国卷II)作为一个5岁的男孩，我总是盯着他腰带上固定的硬币换钱器看。有一天他在送货时注意到了这一点，于是从他的换钱器中给了我一枚25美分硬币。九、collect【熟义】vt.收集【生义】vt.积聚，积累；募集；领取；收到，获得词根: lect1.=choose,gather,表示选择,收集; 2.=speak,read,表示讲,读,说adj.collective 集体的,共同的collectv.收集+ive的adj.集体的,共同的 n.集体intellectual 智力的,理智的,有理解力的intellectn.理智,智力,才智+ual的n.知识分子 adj.智力
24、的,理智的,有理解力的n.collection 收藏品,收集物collectv.收集+ion表名词n.收藏品,收集物collective 集体collectv.收集+ive的adj.集体的,共同的 n.集体election 选举,选择权;当选electv.选举,推选;选择,作出选择+ion表名词n.选举,选择权;当选elector 有选举权的人,选举人,竞选人electv.选举,推选;选择,作出选择+or人n.有选举权的人,选举人,竞选人elite 集合名词精华;精锐;中坚分子;精英el=electv.选举,推选;选择,作出选择+ite人选出的人精英intellect 理智,智力,才智inte
25、l=inter在中间+lect选择,收集在中间选出的人智者intellectual 知识分子intellectn.理智,智力,才智+ual的n.知识分子 adj.智力的,理智的,有理解力的recollection 回忆recollectv.回忆,想起,记起,忆起,记得+ion表名词n.回忆selection 选择,挑选;选集,精选物selectv.选出+ion表名词n.选择,挑选;选集,精选物acrolect 上层方言acro高+lect讲,读,说高层说的话dialect 方言dia对着+lect讲,读,说两个对着说方言idiolect 个人习语idio个人的+lect说个人说的话n.&v.n
26、eglect 忽视;疏忽,漏做,忽略neg没有+lect选择,收集没有选出疏忽lecture 演讲,讲课lect讲,读,说+ure表名词n.&v.演讲,讲课v.collect 收集col共同+lect选择放在一起选择收集elect 选举,推选;选择,作出选择e出+lect选择,收集选出recollect 回忆,想起,记起,忆起,记得re重新+collectv.收集重新收集集中回想到select 选出se分开+lect选选出分开1 We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kitson
27、e kit，one child (2021.北京卷）我们决定尽可能多地收集学习用品，并将它们制成套装一个套装，一个孩子。2 Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. (2022.新高考I卷）去年，该机构通过接受捐赠和收集可能在田地里腐烂的有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807,500磅的食物。3 The government
28、has collected money. （2021.新高考I卷）政府已经筹集到了资金。collect ones thoughte.g.She paused to collect her thoughts before entering the interview room.她停下来定了定神，才走进面试室。十、count【熟义】vt.数数；计算【生义】 v.依靠；依赖（on); 认为；看作；有价值，要紧1 But how should you have this conversation with the professor? Here are five insider tips about
29、how to make that office hour really count: （2015.浙江卷）但你应该如何与教授进行这次对话呢？以下是五个内幕提示，告诉你如何让这个办公时间真正有价值：2 Your attitude and effort count a lot. （2020.江苏卷）你的态度和努力非常重要。3 That was the first time Dad had counted on me in a moment of emergency （2021.重庆卷）那是爸爸第一次在紧急情况下依赖我。4 Unfortunately,though,they dont usually
30、 hold office hours at midnight,so youll be out of luck when you discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how to do the questions that will count for two-thirds of your grade. (2013.浙江卷）不幸的是，他们通常不会在午夜设立办公时间，所以当你在期中考试前一夜发现自己不知道如何回答将占你三分之二成绩的问题时，你就会非常倒霉。5 I count him among my closest
31、 friends. 我把他看作我最亲密的朋友之一。十一、cover【熟义】vt.覆盖 n.封面；被子【生义】vt.占地面积；走完（一段路程）；报道；够付（费用）1 Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. （2022.新高考I卷）覆盖面积大约是黄石国家公园的三倍，GPNP将成为该国第一个国家公园之一。2 In a world where nearly 800 m
32、illion people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story.在一个每年近8亿人口饥饿的世界里，“食物浪费违背了道德底线”，正如伊丽莎白罗伊特在本月的封面故事中所写的那样。（2022.新高考I卷）3 Outside,when I told Sally what happened,she covered her mouth,laughing.She couldnt believe how long the
33、y let us look around without saying anything. （2018.天津卷）当我在外面告诉Sally发生了什么时，她捂住嘴笑了。她无法相信他们竟然让我们在那里看了那么久而不说任何话。4 One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door. （2005.全国I卷）一个只有9英
34、寸的小植物，春天时以1.25美元的价格购买，现在已经占据了我玫瑰花坛的大部分，覆盖了很多其他植物，并且正快速延伸向前门。5 The government will cover production costs. 政府将承担生产成本。6 Cover me while I move forward. 掩护我前进。7 The BBC will cover all the major games of the tournament.英国广播公司将报道这次锦标赛的所有重要赛事。8 Brighten up your room with some colourful cushion covers.用一些色彩
35、鲜艳的靠垫套使你的房间更添亮丽。cover upMature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work,or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they cant afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.” 成熟的成年人有时可能会感到压力，试图掩盖他们工作的公司的非法活动，或者因为无法抑制购买他们负担不起的房子或汽车的欲望，以努力“追赶琼斯家族”，最后负债累累。7
