1、Unit 2Period 2 Grammar&Vocabulary课 堂 学 习-ing and to-infinitive as object1Look at the sentences and answer the questions.Sentences(a),(c)and(e)are from the reading passage.a.J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school,.b.J.D.Salinger started to write short stories in high school,.c.Neve
2、rtheless,the sisters didnt stop trying.d.Nevertheless,the sisters didnt stop to try.e These are the words that every writer dreads receiving,.1.Do sentences(a)and(b)have the same meaning?2.Do sentences(c)and(d)have the same meaning?3.Can“receiving”in sentence(e)be changed into“to receive”?Yes,the tw
3、o sentences have the same meaning.No,they dont.Sentence(c)means the sisters didnt try any more.Sentence(d)means the sisters continue to try.No,it cant.A noun or-ing form can be used after the word“dread”.Now look for more sentences with these structures in the reading passage,and summarise their use
4、s in your own words.1.but later struggled to get his works published.(para.3)2.became an immediate best-seller and went on to sell millions and millions of copies.(para.3)3.three sisters from Victorian England who dreamt of seeing their words in print.(para.4)4.This,however,was a time when women wer
5、e not encouraged to become writer.(para.4)5.Keep trying and eventually you will read the words“We are delighted to inform you.”(para.5)Both-ing and to-infinitive in the sentences are used as object.【语法讲解】【语法讲解】动词后接非谓语动词作宾语的情况分为三种：只能接不定式；只能接动名词；接动名词或不定式皆可。一、常接动词不定式作宾语的动词agree,choose,decide,hope,wish,
6、expect,long,prepare,fail,refuse,manage,plan,intend,pretend,promise,offer,afford,demand,arrange,attempt,want,refuse,seem,would like 等。例如：What did they decide to do?I hope to be back soon.I am out of work so I can not afford to live in this big flat.注意：1.I am not interested in what to do.2.I dont know
7、 what to do.总结：3.She did nothing but/except complain.4.I have no choice but to wait.总结：5.He felt it necessary to learn English.6.We make it our goal to learn English well.总结：介词和及物动词后可以加疑问词+to do 结构作宾语。but,except,besides 等少数几个介词可以直接接(to)do 作宾语。it 作形式宾语:find/think/feel/make/believe.+it+adj/n+(for sb)+
8、to do sth二、常接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）finish,enjoy,mind,keep,miss,avoid,consider,imagine,practise,delay,escape,excuse,permit,allow,advise,suggest,risk,deny,appreciate,resist,reject,give up,feel like,succeed in,insist on,persist in,persevere in,spend time(in),be busy(in),be used to,look forward to,object to,set
9、about to,pay attention to,get down to等。例如：We can finish building the bridge before the end of next month.Would you mind opening the window?注意一：1.I advise calling an ambulance.2.I advise my nephew to call an ambulance.advise/allow/permit doing sthadvise/allow/permit sb to do sth有些动词后接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语
10、，但可以接不定式作宾语补足语，两者不冲突。注意二：1.I cant imagine him cheating in the exam.2.The teacher was angry for Toms being late for class.动名词的复合结构三、两者均可接的及物动词有：1)有些及物动词后既可接动名词作宾语，又可接动词不定式作宾语，且两者意义差别不大。这类词有：prefer,like,love,hate,begin,start,continue等。例如：After the teacher left the classroom,the students began to do/do
11、ing their homework.老师离开教室后，学生们开始做作业。但在下列情况下，宜用动词不定式作宾语，而不用动名词。like,love,prefer,hate等与would或should连用时。如：eg:Id prefer to stay at home to watch TV.begin,start等本身用进行时时。如：eg:She was starting to do her homework.begin,start的主语是物而不是人时。如：eg:The ice begins to melt in winter.2)有些及物动词后既可接动名词作宾语，又可接动词不定式作宾语，但两者结
12、构意义不同。像remember,forget,regret这类词；remember,forget,regret+to doremember,forget,regret+doing表示该动作还未发生表示该动作已经发生mean to do sth 打算（意图）做某事mean doing sth 意味着做某事cant help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事cant help doing sth 情不自禁做某事go on to do sth 继而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing sth 继续（原先没有做完的事情）有些及物动词（短语）后跟动词不定式或动名词时，结构不同，则意思差别很大。t
13、ry to do sth 努力做某事try doing sth 试着做某事stop to do sth 停止、中断（某事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的某事forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生remember to do sth 记住去做某事（未做）remember doing sth 记得做过某事（已做）regret to do sth 对要做的事表示遗憾regret doing sth 对做过的事感到后dread doing sth 害怕、担心做某事dread to
14、do sth 不敢去做某事（表示对某事十分担忧）注意：need,want,require,deserve等动词后面跟动名词的主动形式和动词不定式的被动式都表示被动意义。如：Your house needs repairing.=Your house needs to be repaired.The scientist deserves respecting.=The scientist deserves to be respected.need/want/require/deserve doing=need/want/require/deserve to be done2Complete th
15、e passage with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets.At the age of ten,Liu Wei lost both his arms in an accident.Despite this,he wanted 1_(live)life to the full.He learnt 2_(use)his feet for everyday activities,such as eating and brushing his teeth.He also started 3_(swim)and won two gold me
16、dals at the National Games for People with Disabilities.When he had to stop 4_(swim)due to health problems,he decided 5_(learn)how to play the piano with his toes.It was difficult,but he kept 6_(practise)until he had achieved his goal.In 2010,he won in Chinas Got Talent and became famous nationwide.
17、Today,Liu Wei still enjoys 7_(play)music,and his positive attitude is an inspiration to us all.to liveto useswimming/to swimswimmingto learnpractisingplaying3Write a report based on the interview with the words in the box.admit decide enjoy fail regret wantMany students choose to take a camping prog
18、ramme during the summer holiday,aiming at building character and developing physical fitness.Today,were with camper Jamie Wells.Hi,Jamie.Could you share your experience with us?Sure.I joined the sports camp because I like to challenge myself.I also like to meet new friends.The camp was fun,but not w
19、ithout its challenges!Each day began with a 5-kilometer cross-country run-at 6 am!At first I couldnt finish the whole route.On the fourth day,I was so tired that I even didnt want to get out of bed.I felt homesick and almost phoned my dad to take me home.But I didnt give up.Things soon got better.I
20、felt I had become stronger and more confident and had made new friends.Even though being a camper has its challenges,I feel it is worthwhile.Sample:Jamie Wells decided to join the Boy Scouts because he enjoyed challenging himself as well as meeting new friends.He thought scout camp was fun,but not w
21、ithout its challenges!Each day began with a 5-kilometer cross-country run-at 6 am!At first he failed to finish the whole route.On the fourth day,he was so tired that he even didnt want to get out of bed.Feeling homesick,he regretted attending the scout camp and wanted to phone his dad to take him ho
22、me.But he didnt give up.Things soon got better.He became stronger and more confident and made new friends.He admitted being a scout had its challenges,but it was worthwhile.The Boy Scouts of America 美国童子军美国童子军 The Boy Scouts of America(the BSA)is one of the largest organizations of young people in t
23、he United States.Around more than 2.4 million young people take part in BSA activities,and almost one million adults are volunteers.Since it was founded in 1910,more than 110 million Americans have been involved in BSA activities.The aim of the BSA is to train young people in responsible citizenship
24、,character development,and self-reliance.This is done through taking part in a wide range of outdoor activities and educational programs.Career-oriented programs in partnership with community organizations are also available for older age levels.4Work in pairs.Share a story of your own about overcom
25、ing challenges using the words and structures in this section where appropriate.Sample:I love climbing the mountains in my free time.Last weekend,I went climbing the mountain with my family near my home.The weather was quite well at the beginning.However,it became hotter and hotter while we climbed
26、higher and higher.I felt uneasy and wanted to went home.My mother told me to drink some water and have a rest.After that,we moved on and finally I made it to the top.5Listen to the conversations and match the expressions to their meanings.Looking on the bright side1._ to change your life by starting
27、 to be a better person or stopping a bad habit2._ someone who is extremely enthusiastic and enjoys working extremely hard3._ to not make any effort4._ very calm and relaxed,especially in a difficult situation5._ to do something very slowly because you do not really want to do it6._ someone who refus
28、es to join in,or wants to stop other people having funecafdb6Put the expressions in Activity 5 into the boxes.Add any more you can think of.PositiveNegativean eager beaverturn over a new leafcool as a cucumber not lift a fingera wet blanketdrag ones feetlike a duck to water.a fish out of water.7Read
29、 the passage and answer the questions.With life being made up of ups and downs,it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude.Nevertheless,looking on the bright side is the best thing that we can do for ourselves as well as for others.A good attitude can have a positive effect on
30、 other people.So if someone you know is feeling low,lend them an ear and try to cheer them up.Remember,your attitude is contagious,so make sure you pass on a good one!1.Why is it important to“look on the bright side”?Because looking on the bright side is a type of good attitude,which can have a posi
31、tive effect on other people.In this way,looking on the bright side is the best thing that we can do for ourselves as well as for others.2.How can our attitude affect othersOur attitude is likely to spread to and affect others.If we have a good attitude,others will also feel it and be cheered up by it.课堂总结课堂总结Retell some verbs that usually take-ing or to-infinitive as the object.
