1、Unit 3 Fit for Unit 3 Fit for lifelifeGrammar and usageGrammar and usageBelow is a personal account given by a girl Below is a personal account given by a girl who is equipped with a robotic hand.Find who is equipped with a robotic hand.Find the sentences that use the present perfect the sentences t
2、hat use the present perfect continuous tense and fill in the box below.continuous tense and fill in the box below.The first one has been done for you.The first one has been done for you.Sentences use the present perfect Sentences use the present perfect continuous tense:continuous tense:Scientists S
3、cientists have been making have been making great progress in great progress in robotic technology in recent years,robotic technology in recent years,Over the past three months I Over the past three months I have been testing have been testing out out the limits of what I can do with my new hand,the
4、 limits of what I can do with my new hand,I,I have been cooking have been cooking for my family again since I for my family again since I got my new hand.got my new hand.Working out the Working out the rulesrules We use the present perfect continuous tense to We use the present perfect continuous te
5、nse to talk about talk about an action that started in the past and an action that started in the past and is still continuing nowis still continuing now,or an action that has,or an action that has just finished but is still connected with just finished but is still connected with(1)(1)_(the past/th
6、e present/the future)_(the past/the present/the future)in some way.in some way.The verb form of the present perfect continuous The verb form of the present perfect continuous tense is“(2)_ ”.tense is“(2)_ ”.the presentthe presenthave/has been doinghave/has been doing现在完成进行时定义现在完成进行时表示动作从过去过去某一时间开始，一
7、直持续到现在现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能还要继续继续进行进行下去。pastfuturenowdo do现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 do1 1、现在完成进行时表示、现在完成进行时表示一直持续到现在的动作一直持续到现在的动作，该动作可能，该动作可能刚停止，也可能仍在进行。如：刚停止，也可能仍在进行。如：I have been working on the computer for hours.Sorry,Im late.Have you been waiting long?2 2、现在完成进行时的动作往往与、现在完成进行时的动作往往与现在的状态有联系现在的状态有联系。如：。如：You dont
8、look well.Have you been working too hard?3 3、现在完成进行时的构成形式为、现在完成进行时的构成形式为have/has been doinghave/has been doing。如：。如：You have been standing here for an hour.1.I have been learning English since I was 8 years old and I still love it.2.It has been raining these days.3.He hasnt been using the car for th
9、e last two months.4.Have they been waiting for you for half an hour?构成肯定句：否定句：一般疑问句：主语has/have been doing+其他主语has/have not been doing+其他Has/Have主语been doing+其他？注意：不用被动语态1.The boy started eating five minutes ago.2.He is still eating now.The boy _(eat)since five minutes ago.has been eating现在完成进行时的用法现在
10、完成进行时的用法 1 11.I have been learning English since I was 8 years old and I still love it.表示动作从过去过去某时开始一直到说话时还在进行一直到说话时还在进行或可可能还要继续下去能还要继续下去。2.I have been writing this novel since last year.e.g.现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时的用法 2 2表示不久前刚刚结束刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。1.Her eyes are red.Its obvious(显然的显然的)that she has be
11、en crying for a long time.2.I am sorry I have kept you waiting so long.It is all right.I have been reading the newspapers.e.g.现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时的用法 3 31.We have been practicing Kung Fu recently.2.I have been visiting some cities of China this month.表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复多次重复。e.g.Observe and summarize1.I
12、have been learning English since I was 8 years old.2.Her eyes are red.Its obvious that she has been crying for a long time.3.It has been raining these days.4.We have been practicing Kung Fu recently.5.I have been visiting some cities of China this month.6.He has been working all day.7.The boy has be
13、en eating since five minutes ago.常与常与all this time,this week/month,all night,all all this time,this week/month,all night,all the morning/afternoon,recentlythe morning/afternoon,recently等时间状语以及由等时间状语以及由sincesince或或forfor引导的时间状语连用。引导的时间状语连用。She has been painting the house all the afternoon.Lily has be
14、en doing her homework since 4 oclock this afternoon.We have been studying in the school for three years.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较 pastfuturenowdo dohave done pastfuturenowdo dohave been doing现在完成时现在完成时 do现在完成进行时现在完成进行时Translate：Ive been designing cars.Ive designed five or six different cars.我一直在设计小汽车。我一直在设计小
15、汽车。我已经设计五六辆小汽车了。我已经设计五六辆小汽车了。比较一：现在完成时常表示过去发生的动作对现在的对现在的影响影响，强调动作已完成已完成；而现在完成进行时强调动作仍然在继续强调动作仍然在继续或可能继续下去可能继续下去。Translate：Have you been meeting him recently?Have you met him recently?你最近你最近经常见到经常见到他吗？他吗？你最近你最近见过见过他吗？他吗？现在完成进行时现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复往往表示动作在重复，而现而现在完成时在完成时不表示动作的重复不表示动作的重复。比较二：比较三：现在完成进行时现在完成
16、进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色感情色彩彩(喜悦喜悦、愤怒愤怒、不满不满、厌恶厌恶等)，而，而现在完成时现在完成时往往往只说明一个往只说明一个事实事实，一种，一种影响影响或或结果结果。Translate:I have waited for you for two hours.I have been waiting for you for two hours.我等了你两个小时。我等了你两个小时。我已经等你两个小时了。我已经等你两个小时了。不可用于进行时进行时的动词，如表示状态、情感、属性拥有、感觉、行为结果的动词不能用于现在完现在完成进行时成进行时，但却可以用于现在完
17、成时。比较四：John has loved Mary since ten years ago.I havent seen him these days.比较四：某些不具延续性含义的动词，如come,go,marry,die,finish，leave等，不适用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。We have finished the homework.We have been finishing the homework.我们已经完成了家庭作业。我们已经完成了家庭作业。Applying the Applying the rulesrulesComplete the sentences wit
18、h the correct forms of the Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.verbs in the brackets.1 I _(reflect)on the article I 1 I _(reflect)on the article I read about ancient medicine all day.read about ancient medicine all day.2 I _(wait)for two hours to see 2 I _(wait
19、)for two hours to see the doctor but it is still not my turn yet.the doctor but it is still not my turn yet.have been reflectinghave been reflectinghave been have been waitingwaiting3 My mother _(write)a report on 3 My mother _(write)a report on the new treatment all morning.She hopes to finish the
20、new treatment all morning.She hopes to finish it tonight.it tonight.4 The company _(make)herbal 4 The company _(make)herbal medicines for more than 100 years.medicines for more than 100 years.5 Scientists _(do)research on the 5 Scientists _(do)research on the disease since it was first discovered in
21、 the early disease since it was first discovered in the early 2020thth century.century.has been has been writingwritinghas been makinghas been makinghave been doinghave been doingBelow is an article about robotic limbs.Below is an article about robotic limbs.Circle the correct expressions to complet
22、e Circle the correct expressions to complete it.it.It(1)is being estimated/has been estimated that over 30 million people worldwide have lost arms or legs,and many of them fail to get the help that they need.For some time,they(2)are hoping for/have been hoping for better-quality artificial limbs.For
23、tunately,one exciting new advance could help these physically disabled people lead a normal life again:robotic limbs.Over the last few years,scientists(3)have been developing/will be developing new kinds of artificial limbs to help people overcome their disabilities.Robotic limbs can do much more th
24、an conventional artificial limbs.Some of the earliest artificial limbs were made of wood and leather,and until recently,artificial limbs(4)have only served/have only been serving basic functions.With the advancement in robotic technology,artificial limbs can now perform much more complex tasks and c
25、ome closer to real human limbs.Not only can they make a much wider range of movements,but they can also be controlled directly by the brain and feed sensory information back into it.David Jones is one of a team of scientists devoted to making even better robotic limbs.“We(5)have done/have been doing
26、 everything we can to advance this technology and we will not take out a patent on it,”said David.“Hopefully,more and more people in need of robotic limbs will be equipped with them and enjoy a higher quality of life.”Answer the questions after reading Answer the questions after reading B2.B2.1.What
27、 were some of the earliest artificial limbs 1.What were some of the earliest artificial limbs like?like?They were made of wood and leather,and served They were made of wood and leather,and served only basic functions.only basic functions.2.What can robotic limbs do?2.What can robotic limbs do?They c
28、ome closer to real human limbs and can They come closer to real human limbs and can perform much more complex tasks.They can even be perform much more complex tasks.They can even be controlled directly by the brain and feed sensory controlled directly by the brain and feed sensory information back i
29、nto it.information back into it.3.Why did David Jones say they would not take out a 3.Why did David Jones say they would not take out a patent on the technology of robotic limbs?patent on the technology of robotic limbs?Because they hoped that more and more people in Because they hoped that more and
30、 more people in need of robotic limbs would be equipped with the need of robotic limbs would be equipped with the limbs and enjoy a higher quality of life.limbs and enjoy a higher quality of life.A student is interviewing David Jones about A student is interviewing David Jones about the research he
31、has been doing.In pairs,the research he has been doing.In pairs,role-play the interview using the present role-play the interview using the present perfect continuous tense.The beginning has perfect continuous tense.The beginning has been given.been given.Student:Student:What have you been doing,Dr
32、Jones?David Jones:David Jones:We have been developing.Student:Student:What have you been doing,Dr Jones?What have you been doing,Dr Jones?David Jones:David Jones:We have been developing even better robotic We have been developing even better robotic limbs than those available at the moment.limbs tha
33、n those available at the moment.Student:Student:Is it difficult to develop the new robotic Is it difficult to develop the new robotic technology?technology?David Jones:David Jones:Yes.Our team of scientists Yes.Our team of scientists have been have been devoting devoting most of their time to the pr
34、oject and we most of their time to the project and we have have been doing been doing everything we can to advance this technology.everything we can to advance this technology.(a sample)(a sample)Student:Student:Thats great!Why is this technology Thats great!Why is this technology important to you p
35、ersonally?important to you personally?David Jones:David Jones:Because my goal is to equip as many Because my goal is to equip as many people as possible who need robotic limbs and people as possible who need robotic limbs and help them enjoy a higher quality of life.For help them enjoy a higher qual
36、ity of life.For these reasons,we will not take out a patent on these reasons,we will not take out a patent on the technology,so it will be available to the technology,so it will be available to anyone who needs it.We anyone who needs it.We have been spreading have been spreading the the news about our technology all over the world.news about our technology all over the world.
