1、Text1.Key points for controls:raw material inspections;confirmation of moulding board construction process;inspection of mould board reinforcement method;inspection of safe moulding board construction;inspection of moulding board dimension and locations;inspection of embedded parts and preserved hol
2、es tolerance;moulding board disassembly.2.Target of controls:through controls and inspections of above mentioned key points,as to make the moulding board construction,concrete shape and quality(dimensions,shape,elevations,axes)meet the requirements of design,contract and relevant specifications.3.Me
3、thod of controls Moulding board construction raw material inspection3.1.1Moulding board materials is divided into 3 categories according to different requirements of concrete shape and qualities.Texta)Rough moulding boards:for the foundations and underground constructions without high concrete surfa
4、ce requirements.Moulding board surface quality and seamings are not important.b)Normal moulding board:for concrete surface of outer equipment foundations,girders and posts of industrial construction with normal appearance requirements.A flat moulding board surface is required.c)Fine moulding board:f
5、or concrete surface of offices,CCR etc,with high appearance requirements.A flat,smooth moulding board surface without apparent seamings are required1.3.1.2Adopt corresponding moulding board material according to uses and properties of buildings and submit for approval by the owner2.3.1.3Moulding boa
6、rd materials adopt large artificial boards and assembled steel moulding board with a thickness of 12mm,18mm.3.1.4The contact surface between the moulding board and concrete should be brushed with disengagement agent,As for the normal moulding board and fine board,normally disengagement agent of oily
7、 type should not be applied.The type of the disengagement agent should be submitted and get approved by the owner3.Text3.1.5Moulding board supports should be of steel material.The material quality should meet relevant special specifications.3.1.6Have regular maintenance of the moulding boards and su
8、pports.Precautions should be taken to make moulding boards and steel support rust free.3.1.7Moulding board should have a simple structure for easy assembly and disassembly,also convenient for requirements of steel bar binding,erection,concrete filling and curing.3.1.8There should be no leakage from
9、moulding board seamings.Wooden moulding board should be watered wet before concrete filling whereas there should be no water deposited inside4.Confirmation of moulding board construction schemePractical,safe and reliable construction technical scheme should be constituted according to the use,proper
10、ty,load bearing and running conditions of the buildings before moulding board construction.which also should be submitted for owners approval5.The design of moulding boards and supports should be made according to the form of construction structure,the amount of the bearing load,the type of foundati
11、on earth,and conditions of construction equipments and material supply.TextThe following loads should be taken into account while designing moulding board and its support.a.deadweight of the moulding board and supportb.deadweight of newly filled concretec.deadweight of reinforcing steel barsd.load o
12、f construction people and equipmentse.load from vibrating and tampering concretef.moulding board side pressure from newly filled concreteg.load from concrete pouring When calculate moulding board and support rigidness,the max deformation should not exceed the following allowable limits;As for mouldi
13、ng boards for constructions with exposed surface,span calculation of moulding construction is 1/400;As for moulding boards for constructions with concealed surface,span calculation of moulding construction is 1/250.Compressed deformation or elastic flexibility of the supports is 1/1000 of the corres
14、ponding structure span calculated6.TextSteel moulding board of assembly type can be applied for foundations,moulding board for upper constructions and supports should be made according to construction technical schemes.moulding board erection quality inspectionsAs for longitudinal moulding board and
15、 supporting part of the supports,when erected on foundation earth,they must be strong with shim plate.If the span of locally reinforced concrete filled girders and boards,reaches 4m or beyond,moulding boards should be in an arch shape;When there is no definite design requirements,the height of the a
16、rch is 1/10003/1000 of the complete distance of the span.When erecting upper moulding boards and supports for locally concrete filled constructions,take exact designs and constructions for the moulding boards and supports with relative high elevation and bearing loads,so as to make them have suffici
17、ent capacity of load bearing,rigidness and stability to sustain the weight of filled concrete,side pressure and construction loads.Allowable erection tolerance of locally concrete filled construction should meet specifications in table 22-1.TextTable 22-1:Allowable erection tolerance of locally conc
18、rete filled constructionFor external angles of girders of concrete constructions,the moulding board erection should guarantee that there will be“V”shape guide angles with qualified dimensions according to the design drawings after moulding board disassembly7.itemsallowable tolerance（mm）axes position
19、5elevation of upper surface of bottom moulding board5section internal dimensionfoundation10peg,wall,girder+4，-5vertical layer heightoverall height5m6overall height5m8surface elevation difference between two adjacent boards2surface evenness(at a distance of 2 m)5TextAs for newly competed moulding boa
20、rd erections,people in charge of site construction and professional quality inspector from contractor side should inspect according to construction drawings and relevant specifications and criterias.The contents of inspection include but are not limited to the elevations,axes,cross section dimension
21、s,moulding board rigidness,strength,fixedness of supports;Concrete filling or next construction procedure can get started only after passing inspections.If not qualified,sub-contractor must rework till passing inspections by contractor.After completion of moulding board construction,sundries inside
22、moulding boards should be cleared timely.When filling concrete,there should be professional carpenter present at site for observation in case those amendments can be made once problem occurs.Gliding moulding board construction quality requirementsGliding boards must be of steel type.It must be guara
23、nteed that they are flat with right angles.No impurities,holes,burr,rolled edges,bending or deformation is allowed.Board thickness is no less than 1.5mm8.TextSilo construction in this project must adopt gliding moulding boards construction.Moulding board should be compatible,easy to assemble and dis
24、assemble with sufficient rigidness,and also meet the following specifications.Proper board height would be 1200mm1600mm with a proper width of 150mm500mm.Board dimension should meet design requirements.Steel moulding board seaming should be tight and easy for assembly and disassembly.In the process
25、of gliding moulding board construction,inspections would be taken at any time with laser plumb-level measuring instrument,theodolite,and plumb.Precision should not be below 1/10000.Accurate fixed observation target and observation should be set.In the gliding process,concrete and sundries on the boa
26、rd should be cleared immediately.Quality requirements and inspections of embedded parts and preserved holes erectionNo missing is allowed for embedded parts to be fixed on moulding boards and preserved holes.Erection should be of fixedness with accurate locations.Allowable tolerance see table 22-2.E
27、mbedded parts fabrication should conform to design drawings9.TextAfter completion of moulding board assembly,it should be marked on the board the location of embedded parts and preserved holes.Make the assembly according to the drawings and then fix.After the erection of embedded parts and preserved
28、 holes,contractor will have inspections according to construction drawings;inspection contents included but are not limited to axes dimensions,elevations,quantity,size,and cross section dimensions,etc.Table 22-2:allowable tolerance for embedded parts and preserved holesitemsallowable tolerance（mm）ce
29、ntre line position of embedded steel plate3centre line position of embedded pipes,preserved holes3embedded boltscenter line position2exposed length+100preserved holescentre line position10cross section internal dimension+100TextTime of moulding boards disassemblyDisassemble moulding boards and suppo
30、rts at the time when concrete strength of locally filled concrete constructions conforms to design requirements.When there is no definite requirements,following requirements should be met.Side moulding boards:Start the disassembly only after the concrete strength can guarantee that the surface and c
31、orners will not get damaged due to board disassembly.Bottom moulding boards:Start the disassembly after concrete strength conforms to specifications in table 22-3.Table 22-3:Concrete strength when starting locally filled concrete construction board disassemblytype of constructionspan L（m）percentage
32、according to design concrete strength standard（%）boardsL2502L875L8100girders,arches,shellsL875L8100cantilever constructionL275L2100TextWhen disassembling moulding boards,no impact loads should be formed to the floors.Disassembled boards and supports should be piled separately and get cleared timely.
33、The constructions of disassembled boards and supports can bear all working loads only after reaching design concrete strength standards.If the load of construction brings more adverse effects than normal working loads,temporary supports must be added after re-calculations.moulding boardn.模板raw mater
34、ial inspections 原材料的检验construction process施工工艺dimensionn.尺寸；复面积，范围；物量纲；adj.（石料，木材）切成特定尺寸的embedded parts 预埋件preserved holes 预留洞disassemblyn.拆卸，分解，解体；拆开elevationn.高处，高度，海拔，建正视图，立视图axesn.轴；轴(axis的名词复数)；轴线seamingn.缝合；接合；girdern.大梁postn.柱，桩，杆CCRabbr.Central Control Room 中央控制室correspondingadj.相当的，对应的；符合的；
35、propertyn.房地产；财产；所有权；特性disengagement n.脱离；解开；解脱；agentn.代理人；代理商；药剂；specificationn.规格；详述；说明书New Words and Phrasesprecautionn.预防，防备；预防措施steel bar binding 钢筋绑扎erectionn.建立，设立；直立，竖立concrete filling混凝土灌注concrete curing 混凝土养护leakagen.漏，漏出；泄露；渗漏物，漏出量depositedv.存放(deposit的过去式和过去分词)；（尤指小心地或准确地）放置；付（保证金）deadwe
36、ightn.重负，重担reinforcing steel bars钢筋vibratevt.&vi.（使）振动颤动；摆动tampervt.窜改；vi.篡改；n.夯，夯具；捣乱者;rigidnessn.坚硬，劲直spann.跨度，墩距；一段时间；vt.缚住或扎牢shimn.薄垫片；vt.用垫片填sundries n.杂项，杂物；杂货，杂项amendmentn.修正案；修改，修订Silon.筒仓；（危险物品的）地下贮藏库Theodoliten.经纬仪cantilevern.悬臂archn.弓形；拱门；拱形物 New Words and PhrasesNotes（1）Fine moulding boa
37、rd:for concrete surface of offices,CCR etc,with high appearance requirements.A flat,smooth moulding board surface without apparent seamings are required.精细模板：用于办公室、中央控制室等外观质量要求很高的砼表面，要求模板平整、光滑、无明显接缝。（2）Adopt corresponding moulding board material according to uses and properties of buildings and subm
38、it for approval by the owner.应根据建筑物的用途、性质采用相应种类的模板材料，并报请业主方认可。（3）The contact surface between the moulding board and concrete should be brushed with disengagement agent,as for the normal moulding board and fine board,normally disengagement agent of oily type should not be applied.The type of the dise
39、ngagement agent should be submitted and get approved by the owner.模板与砼的接触面应刷脱模剂，对一般模板和精细模板一般不应使用油质脱模剂，使用何种脱模剂应报请业主方认可。Notes（4）There should be no leakage from moulding board seamings.Wooden moulding board should be watered wet before concrete filling whereas there should be no water deposited inside.
40、模板的接缝不应漏浆，在砼浇筑前木模应浇水湿润，但模板内不应有积水。（5）Practical,safe and reliable construction technical scheme should be constituted according to the use,property,load bearing and running conditions of the buildings before moulding board construction.which also should be submitted for owners approval.模板工程施工前应根据建筑物的用
41、途、性质、荷载大小、使用条件等制定切实可行、安全可靠的施工技术方案，并报请业主认可。（6）Compressed deformation or elastic flexibility of the supports is 1/1000 of the corresponding structure span calculated.支架的压缩变形值或弹性挠度，为相应的结构计算跨度的1/1000。Notes（7）For external angles of girders of concrete constructions,the moulding board erection should guar
42、antee that there will be“V”shape guide angles with qualified dimensions according to the design drawings after moulding board disassembly.所有清水混凝土结构梁的阳角，在模板安装施工时，应保证在拆模后，留有八字倒角，倒角尺寸应符合图纸设计要求。（8）Gliding boards must be of steel type.It must be guaranteed that they are flat with right angles.No impuriti
43、es,holes,burr,rolled edges,bending or deformation is allowed.Board thickness is no less than 1.5mm.滑模使用的模板必须为钢模板，并且要保证平整、四角方正，无杂质、孔洞、毛刺、卷边、曲翘、变形等。钢板厚度不小于1.5mm。（9）No missing is allowed for embedded parts to be fixed on moulding boards and preserved holes.Erection should be of fixedness with accurate
44、locations.固定在模板上的预埋件及预留孔洞均不得遗漏，安装必须牢固，位置准确。1.据一份评论在英国投标的承包商的报价准确性和差异性的文献披露，用偏差系数（标准偏差/平均值）衡量报价偏差时。其范围为5%到8%。2.一座房子的真正价值不仅在于它的工程建设质量和配套设施，更重要的是在于它的环境及未来价值的变迁方向。3.建设本质上是一种服务性行业,其职责是把计划和规格所准备的一名工程师或建筑师成为一个完成的项目。4.合同和工作规范为标准，评估和保证施工质量的要求；最后，详细的成本估算提供了一个基准的财务业绩评估在项目。5.我们主要的计划工作项目包括费用预算和施工进度，现场安装工作（土建工作）将
45、自今年十月开始至明年六月一日完工。6.The most common methods of construction project delivery include design-bid-build(DBB),the design-build(DB),construction management(CM)and design-manager(DM).Each of these methods have advantages and disadvantages and all can be used to successfully plan,design and undertake a giv
46、en construction project.Exercises（Translate the following Chinese into English,or English into Chinese）7.In summary,it is intended to show why a modern civil engineer interested in professional growth requires an understanding of skills in management,law,accounting,and personnel over and above the n
47、ormal civil engineering training.8.The information to be placed in each title block of a drawing include:drawing number,drawing size,scale,weight,sheet number and number of sheets,drawing title and signatures of persons preparing,checking and approving the drawing.9.Our civil work includes construct
48、ion of roads,buildings,foundations and reinforced concrete structure.It will take two weeks to complete this foundation.10.The award the contract should be made:within the period of the validity of bids,to the bidder whose responsive bid has been determined to be the lowest evaluated bid,and who meets the appropriate standards of capability and financial resources.Exercises（Translate the following Chinese into English,or English into Chinese）
