1、非谓语动词-非谓语的前世今生一 什么是非谓语在有谓语、没连词，没从句的情况下，如果句子里出现了第二个动词，那就把他叫做非谓语。二 非谓语动词有哪些人物角色?非谓语的3种基本形式及其功能：1. to do 表目的表将来_2. doing 表进行表主动_3. 3.done 表被动表完成_01号人物：动词不定式（to do）非谓语的扛把子，形式多用途多身份多，在句子里可充当主、宾、表、定、状、补成分。不定式主动被动一般式进行式完成式02号人物：（v-ing）动名词或现在分词一对长相完全相同，个性迥异的双胞胎。动名词在句中可充当主、宾、表、定，同位语成分；现在分词在句中作定、表、状、补。V-ing主动
2、被动一般式完成式03号人物：过去分词（v-pp）为人低调，只有一种形式，与现在分词是一对好基友；在句中可充当表、定、补、状语，与现在分词所作成分完全相同。考点一 非谓语动词作状语一、不定式作状语1to do作目的状语，可用so as to do/in order to do替换表达，但so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了”。We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution.2to do作结果状语，常用于下列结构中：only to do_enough to do_too.to do._so/such.as
3、 to do._He is old enough to dress himself.3to do作原因状语，常用在“主语be/feel情感形容词to do”结构中。不定式用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。这类词有：happy, glad, sorry, anxious, angry, pleased,surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。I am glad to see you. 二、现在分词作状语1.动词ing作状语时，表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等，表主动或正在进行。A city is the product of the hu
4、man hand and mind, reflecting mans intelligence and creativity.一座城市是人类的手与大脑的产物，反映了人类的智慧与创造性。His parents died，leaving him an orphan.三、过去分词作状语1.过去分词做状语，表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且含有完成之意。Attracted by the toy ,she didnt notice the car.2. 某些动词的过去分词形容词化，用于系表结构，此时的过去分词强调一种状态，如Be/get lost_be seated
5、_be lost/absorbed in_be dressed in _be tired of _be faced with _be located/situated in_be exposed to_be involved in_be devoted to_。Absorbed in the book，he didnt notice me enter the room.四、独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，是固定的形式，可以独立存在，称作独立成分。它不是句子主语的动作，而表示说话人的态度，在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，作为习惯搭配来修饰整个句子。常考的有：g
6、enerally speaking(to be general) _honestly/roughly/strictly speaking _frankly speaking/to be frank_judging from/by_taking.into consideration/account _considering/seeing/given._ to tell the truth/to be honest _to make things worse _考点二 非谓语动词作定语一、不定式作定语1.不定式作定语放在所修饰词之后作后置定语，表示将来的动作。 I have a lot of wo
7、rk to do.2. 序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作后置定语。He was the first to come and the last to leave.He is the only person to believe in God.3. 被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作后置定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact,excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。This is a chance to improve my oral Englis
8、h.It is a useful way to eliminate plastic.二、分词作定语1现在分词v-ing做定语时，现在分词与被修饰词之间为主动（主谓）进行关系：The lecture，starting at 7:00 am last night，was followed by an disccussion.2现在分词的被动式being done做定语时，被修饰词与分词之间为被动关系，且表示正在进行：The building being built is our library. 3.过去分词做定语时，分词与被修饰词之间为动宾（被动）关系，表完成。The university，fo
9、unded in 1911，is my favorite university.三、动名词v-ing作定语表示被修饰词的某种用途，意义上相当于名词+for+doing，动名词做定语置于被修饰词前。sleeping bag=bag for sleepingflying machine=maching for flying非谓语动词作定语的解题思路：表示被动、完成用_；表示主动、进行用_；表示被动、进行用_；表示主动、尚未进行用_；表示被动、尚未进行用_。试比较：Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before
10、 in the skies.The bridge built in 2017 was designed by a local company.The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.The bridge to be built next year was designed by a local company. 考点三 非谓语动词作宾补一非谓语动词作宾补1. 常用不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, beg请求, cause导致, encourage, expect期望, forbid禁
11、止, force, intend打算, invite, order, persuade, prefer宁愿, require, remind提醒, tell, want, warn, wish, call on号召, depend/rely on依靠，teach，help等。We should call on people to protect our environment.2. 感官动词（see，watch，observe，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel）后的宾补可以是省略to的不定式do，doing，done。do表示主动和完成（被动句中要还原to）
12、doing表示主动和进行done表示被动和完成I saw him enter the room.He was seen to enter the room by me.I saw him playing basketball.I saw him killed by a tiger.3. let/make/have sb do sth 让某人做某事 Let us go shopping.4.get sb to do sth _ get/have sb doing _ get/have sth done _5.leave/keep sb/sth doing sth 让.一直.6.find sb/s
13、th doing sth 发现某人一直在做某事 find sb/sth done 发现.被.7.with的复合结构：with+宾语+宾补考点四 非谓语动词作宾语1 只接不定式作宾语的动词： decide/determine决定, learn学习, want, expect/hope/wish希望，refuse拒绝, manage设法做成， care在乎, pretend假装 ,offer主动提出, promise承诺, choose选择, plan计划；agree同意, ask/beg请求, help帮助，wait 等待等 I decide to be a firefighter.2 如果做宾
14、语的不定式有宾补时，常用it 作形式宾语，把真正的宾语不定式后置。I find it impossible to change her mind.3只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：consider考虑, suggest/advise建议, look forward to期望, excuse/pardon原谅；admit承认, fancy想要，avoid避免, miss错过，deny否认, finish完成,enjoy喜欢，appreciate感谢，forbid禁止，avoid避免, imagine想象, risk冒险；mind介意, allow/permit允许, escape逃避be/get
15、used to(习惯于), feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), get down to(开始认真做某事), devote.to.(致力于), object to(反对), stick to(坚持), give up(放弃)，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth，have fun (in) doing sth. ，cant help doing忍不住等。4.接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：(1)try to do 尽力；try doing 试着去做 (2)mean to do打算做；mean doing 意味着 (3)regr
16、et to do遗憾要去做；regret doing后悔做过 (4)remember to do 记得去做；remember doing记得做过(5)forget to do忘记去做；forget doing 忘记做了(6) stop to do停下来做另一件事；stop doing 停止正在做的事(7)go on/continue to do继续做另一件事；go on/continue doing继续做同一件事5.“疑问词动词不定式”可以作动词后的宾语。I want to know how to improve my writing.6.当非谓语动词位于but, except（除了）后时，习
17、惯上要用不定式。并且，当except/but前有实义动词do及相关形式时，则不定式要省略to；若其前没有动词do，则不定式通常带to。（前有do后无to，前无do后有to）We had no choice but to wait.I could do nothing except/but agree.7.动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时还有，其后要用doing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动式to be done做宾语。The computer needs repairing/to be repaired.考点五 非谓语动词作主语和表语1不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的
18、动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。1) It + be + adj+for/of sb to do sth 2) It +be +名词 +for sb to do sth 3) It + took/takes sb + some time +to do sth2.动名词作主语（1）.动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用it作形式主语，将真正的主语动名词后置。Smoking is bad for your health.Its no use complaining without taking action.（2）.常用于动名词作主语的句型：1) Its a wa
19、ste of time/money/energy doing._2) Its no use/good doing._3) It is useless doing._4）Its of little use/good doing._5) It is worth doing ._6）it is fun doing. _3.不定式作表语(1)表示预定要发生的动作；(2)当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；(3)主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表
20、语的不定式常省略to。His wish is to be a doctor in the future.What I want to do most in senior high school is（to） improve my English.4.动名词作表语动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。Teaching is my job. My job is teaching.5.形容词化的动词ing形式和动词ed 形式也可以做表语。动词ing形式意为“令人的”；动词ed形式意为“(人)感到的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look、expression、tears
21、、smile、voice等名词。真题链接非谓语动词-高考真题1.(2023年高考英语真题全国甲卷)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, . （observe）how nature solved problems. 2.(2023年高考英语真题全国甲卷)A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after （flow）through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived
22、.3.(2023年高考英语真题全国甲卷)He was （amaze）at the results.4.(2023年高考英语真题全国甲卷)In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, （start）with an examination of the forces that are making so many peoples digital lives increasingly intolerable, before . （move）on to a detailed discussion
23、 of the digital minimalism philosophy.5.(2023年高考英语真题全国甲卷)In the final chapter of part one, Ill guide you through （carry）out your own digital clutter.6.(2023年高考英语真题全国甲卷)The key （find）of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,7. (
24、2023年高考英语真题全国乙卷) years later, she was the first African American woman （receive）a medical degree.8.(2023年高考英语真题全国乙卷)I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to （be）on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.9.(2023年高考英语真题全国乙卷)One time my friends and I drove three hours to Dev
25、ils Lake, Wisconsin, （climb）the purple quartz(石英) rock around the lake.10.(2023年高考英语真题全国乙卷)Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy （grow）indoors.11.(2023年高考英语真题全国乙卷)its a great way （boost）self-confidence at any time.12.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) With over 2,500 bikes
26、_( store)in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. 13.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) The goal of this book is （make）the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks .14.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) and why it works, and then
27、to teach you how （adopt）this philosophy if you decide its right for you.15.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷). In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, （start）with an examination of the forces that are making so many peoples digital lives increasingly intolerable, before （move）o
28、n to a detailed discussion of the digital minima16.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) （Write）was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me （present）my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts.17.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) So, why did he suddenly force me
29、（do）something at which I was sure to fail?18.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) Not a brilliant idea, but funny, and unlikely （be）anyone elses choice.19.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) Turning soil, （pull）weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.20.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) The program aim
30、s （help）students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. 21.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) Jaramillos students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy （find）and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores.22.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) Besides, （work）in t
31、he garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillos special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues.23.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) We see scenes of children （learn）to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.24.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) （C
32、ontinue）developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.25.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people （live）in urban areas is becoming harder to find.26.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) I suggest （use）a sketchbook(素描本) for small
33、studies.27.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) Continually challenge yourself （try）something new.28.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷) Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me （present）my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by （act）out a play, where I played all the parts.29. (2023年高考英语真题全国新课标卷)I
34、 asked my older sister （correct）my grammar.30. (2022年高考英语真题全国甲卷) In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, （describe）her life as a physician.31. (2022年高考英语真题全国甲卷)Barry retired in 1859, （have）practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.32.(2022年高考英语真题新高考全国卷)The ar
35、ugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, （round）out a roast chicken dinner.33.(2022年高考英语真题新高考全国卷) （Produce）food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.34.(2022年高考英语真题新高考全国卷)Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time but for him, its more like 12 bones of d
36、onated strawberries （near）their last days.35.(2022年高考英语真题新高考全国卷) The elderly residents(居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them （feel）lonely.36.(2022年高考英语真题新高考全国卷) People have been bringing their children in （see）the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch
37、 them.37.(2022年高考英语真题全国乙卷) （Help）the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.38.(2022年高考英语真题全国乙卷) （Select）from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years. 39
38、.(2022年高考英语真题全国乙卷) （perform）these tasks, drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead.40. (2022年高考英语真题全国乙卷) Since April drinks companies have been forced （pay）between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, （depend）on the sugar content.语法填空One morning, I was waiting at
39、 the bus stop, worried about_1_ (be) late for school. There were many people_2_（wait）at the bus stop, and some of them _3_ (look) very anxious anddisappointed. When the bus finally _4_(come), we all hurried on board. I got a place next to the window, so I _5_ (have) a good view of the sidewalk. A bo
40、y on a bike 6 _ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me_7_（shout）to the driver, but he refused 8_ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept _9_(ride). Finally, with his kindness_10_(accept), he was very happy.语法填空非谓语动词1.
41、But you may be surprised _(learn) that they are not showing their “true colors” at all.2. An exhibition which opened on August 30 in Xian displays 121 colored terracotta relics, _(date) back from the Qin Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty.3. Bird-watching, a hobby _(favor) by many westerners, has been incl
42、uded in a public benefit program “Park Classes” in Wuhan schools.4. In the past six years, the program has carried out over 3000 activities in Wuhans thirty urban parks, _(cover) all of the citys primary schools and welcomed by over one million students.5. The research team say drinking enough water is helpful to people _(affect) by illnesses related to ages.6. Socia
